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The Progressive Era
Progressivism Not one single
unified movement A wide range of
economic, political, social, and moral reforms.
Progress to occur through human intervention to solve problems.
Origins
Populism-agrarian revolt that swept through the
Midwest in the late 19th C. Called for government intervention , free silver, and many
political reforms
Populist Party or People’s Party supported Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan in
1896
Muckrakers- crusading journalists.
Reaction against Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer promoted “Social Darwinism”.
• Spencer argued:
• unfit people would eventually disappear
• That any government aid to the poor interrupted the correct evolution of civilization.
“Each individual should be allowed to do as he or she wills as long as it doesn’t infringe on the rights of
another person.”
Social Darwinism
Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie believed in laissez-
faire and Social Darwinism, but...
also believed that those who profited
from society should help with social
progress.
“the man of wealth
thus becoming the …
trustee for his poorer
brethren”
Progressive Goals
7
Goals included (many Populist ideas)
Protecting Social Welfare
(Social Gospel Movement and Settlement House Movement)
Promoting Moral Improvement and Political Reform
(Prohibition and Voting Reform)
Creating Economic Reform
(American Socialist Party organized in 1901; anti-big business
policies)
Fostering Efficiency
(in society and in the workplace; led to lower worker days and
better management)
Political Reform
Political Change All states move to a secret ballot by 1890s
State reform
Initiative (citizens originate legislation)
Referendum (citizens vote on legislation)
Recall (vote to remove a public official)
17th Amendment (1913)-direct election of senators
Growth of socialism in America
(Eugene Debs receives 1 million votes in 1912)
19th Amendment (1920)-women's suffrage
Women’s Suffrage
Carrie Chapman Catt: 1859-1947
Lucy Burns
1879-1966
Alice Paul
1886-1977
Susan B. Anthony: 1820-1906
Economic Reform
Muckrakers Target Big Business
Monopolies
Ida Tarbell-The History of Standard Oil
Consumer protection laws
Upton Sinclair and The Jungle
The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Labor Progress
The United Mine Workers strike in Pennsylvania (1902).
Roosevelt forces mine owners to arbitrate with the miners.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire (1911) will lead to labor
reform.
Department of Labor created (1913).
Keating-Owen Act (1916) first federal law restricting child
labor
Lewis Hine’s photographs were a driving force behind the fight for stricter child labor laws.
Other Economic Reform
The Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Set up Federal Reserve System as the central
banking authority of the United States
16th Amendment (1913)-federal income tax
Social Reform
Urban Poverty
Settlement Houses: provided services such as daycare, education, and healthcare.
designed to help the urban poor, especially immigrant families.
Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr were the co-
founders of Hull House, founded in 1889 in
Chicago.
JANE ADDAMS ELLEN GATES
STARR
INSIDE HULL HOUSE
Temperance
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
was founded in Cleveland, Ohio in 1874 and
concerned about the evils of alcohol
By 1916, 19 states had prohibition laws
18th Amendment (1919)-established Prohibition
Carrie Nation
African American Fight for Rights
Booker T. Washington- educator and reformer
argued that African Americans raise themselves economically, accommodate temporarily until they would win the respect of white society.
“The individual who can do something that the world wants done will, in the end, make his way regardless of his race.”
Others adopted a more activist stance, such as;
Ida B. Wells the anti-lynching
crusader
W.E.B. Du Bois, Co-founder of the
NAACP demanded an end to
caste distinctions based on race
"The Negro Race, like all races, is going to be saved by its exceptional men. The problem of education then, among Negroes, must first of all deal with the "Talented Tenth."
Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
Square Deal
Trust busting Arbitration
RR regulation
Health 1906 Meat Inspection Act
1906 Pure Food and Drug
Act
Environment Conservation**
1916 National Park Service
William Howard Taft
Taft v. Roosevelt Progressives turn against Taft
and the Rep. Party Splits
The election of 1912 Wilson’s (D) New Freedom
Taft’s (R) Conservatism
Roosevelt’s Progressivism
“Bull Moose Party”
Eugene V. Debs’ Socialism
Woodrow Wilson Financial Reform
Clayton Antitrust Act 1914
Underwood Act 1913 to Lower
Tariffs
Federal Income Tax
Federal Reserve System
Suffrage for Women with
the19th Amendment in
1920
Affinity Mapping
On post-its, write as many responses to the
following questions in the time allowed.
What issues, events, and people define the
Progressive Era?
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