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The SMRD subdetector at the T2K near detector station. Marcin Ziembicki representing the SMRD working group of the T2K collaboration. SMRD working group members. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The SMRD subdetector at the The SMRD subdetector at the T2K near T2K near detectordetector station station
Marcin Ziembickirepresenting the SMRD working group
of the T2K collaboration
SMRD working group membersSMRD working group membersJ. Brinson, B. Ellison, R. Gould, B. Hartfiel, N. Kulkarni, T. Kutter, J. Liu, W. Metcalf, M. Nauman, J. Nowak, J. Reid, D. SmithJ. Brinson, B. Ellison, R. Gould, B. Hartfiel, N. Kulkarni, T. Kutter, J. Liu, W. Metcalf, M. Nauman, J. Nowak, J. Reid, D. Smith
Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, USA
D. WarnerD. Warner
Department of Physics, Colorado State University, USADepartment of Physics, Colorado State University, USA
I. Danko, D. Naples, D. Northacker, V. PaoloneI. Danko, D. Naples, D. Northacker, V. Paolone
Department of Astronomy and Physics, University of Pittsburgh, USADepartment of Astronomy and Physics, University of Pittsburgh, USA
L. Golyshkin, A. Izmaylov, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, Y. Kudenko, O. Mineev, E. Shabalin, N. YershovL. Golyshkin, A. Izmaylov, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, Y. Kudenko, O. Mineev, E. Shabalin, N. Yershov
Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
S. Aoki, T. Hara, A.T. Suzuki, T. YanoS. Aoki, T. Hara, A.T. Suzuki, T. Yano
Kobe University, JapanKobe University, Japan
D. Kielczewska, M. PosiadalaD. Kielczewska, M. Posiadala
Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Poland
M. Dziewiecki, R. Kurjata, J. Marzec, K. Zaremba, M. ZiembickiM. Dziewiecki, R. Kurjata, J. Marzec, K. Zaremba, M. Ziembicki
Institute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, PolandInstitute of Radioelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
J. Blocki, A. Dabrowska, M. Sienkiewicz, M. Stodulski, A. Straczek, J. Swierblewski, T. WJ. Blocki, A. Dabrowska, M. Sienkiewicz, M. Stodulski, A. Straczek, J. Swierblewski, T. Waachachalla, A. Zalewskaa, A. Zalewska
H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, PolandH. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
T. Kozlowski, J. Lagoda, P. Mijakowski, P. Przewlocki, E. RondioT. Kozlowski, J. Lagoda, P. Mijakowski, P. Przewlocki, E. Rondio, , R. Sulej, M. SzeptyckaR. Sulej, M. Szeptycka
A. Soltan Institute of Nuclear Studies, PolandA. Soltan Institute of Nuclear Studies, Poland
J. Holeczek, J. Kisiel, T. SzeglowskiJ. Holeczek, J. Kisiel, T. Szeglowski
Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, PolandInstitute of Physics, University of Silesia, Poland
J. SobczykJ. Sobczyk, J. Zmuda, J. Zmuda
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Wroclaw University, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Wroclaw University, PolandPoland
T2K Overview
• Measurement of 13 through e appearance
• Precise measurement of 23 and Δm2
23 through μ disappearance
295 km295 kmKamiokaKamioka TokaiTokai
Super-K Super-K 22.5 kt22.5 kt
(FV)(FV)
J-PARC Main RingJ-PARC Main Ring
750kW 750kW 330 GeV PS0 GeV PS
ND280 Off-Axis Detector• UA1/NOMAD CERNUA1/NOMAD CERN magnetmagnet
operated at ≤0.2 T magnetic field • Fine Grained Detector (FGD)Fine Grained Detector (FGD)
– Measure beam flux, E spectrum, flavor composition through CC -interactions
– Backgrounds CC-1– Measure backgrounds/pion cross section
– Water and scintillator target
• Time Projection Chamber (TPC)Time Projection Chamber (TPC) – Measure charged particle momentum,
particle ID via dE/dx
• Pi-Zero Detector (P0D)Pi-Zero Detector (P0D)– Optimized for NC 0 measurement
– Measure e contamination
• Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL)Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL)– Photon detection (from 0) in P0D and
tracker
• Side Muon Range Detector (SMRD)Side Muon Range Detector (SMRD)– Measure momentum for lateral muons
– Cosmic rays trigger
ALL detectors installed ALL detectors installed (except barrel ECAL)(except barrel ECAL)
TR
AC
KE
RT
RA
CK
ER
SMRDSMRD
SMRDSMRD
beam
Status: Status: COMMISSIONINGCOMMISSIONING
SMRD – Concept & Tasks• Measure muon momenta and angle from
interactions (with large angle to the beam)
• Cosmic trigger for the calibration of the inner detectors
• Beam monitor function is being studied 1.5E+6 interactions expected in the first year 100k will give events with hits in SMRD
• Background rejection
875mm
Modules:Modules:
• Horizontal (4 counters each)
• Vertical (5 counters each)
• Total of 440 modules (2008 counters)
SMRD Counters
S-shaped grooves with WLS fibers (Kuraray Y-11, S-type, 2.12 m length)
Light-tight enclosure & stainless steel containers
Special end-caps on both ends
Scintillator:Scintillator:Polystyrene1.5% PTP0.01% POPOP
Chemical reflector
Cosmic muon tests
cm
cm
p.e.
Light Yield (single counter)
Time Resolution & Delay(single counter)
TDC step50 ps
TD
C
cm
cm
L.Y. (center, 1000 counters)
• L.Y. (sum of both ends) 25-50 p.e. (center, T=20-22 C)
• Spatial resolution x = 6.1 0.8 cm
• MIP detection efficiency > 99.9%
SMRD Limit:SMRD Limit:L.Y.(sumL.Y.(sum of both ends) > 20 p.e./MIP at 20of both ends) > 20 p.e./MIP at 20 CC
SMRD ModulesOptical connector with MPPC:- Hamamatsu 667-pixel device,
- active area: 1.3x1.3 mm2, - pixel size 50x50 μm2, - bias voltage ~70 V, - gain ~7.5x105
Temperature sensor (DS18B20), (2 per module, opposite sides)
Scintillators in light tight, stainless steel enclosure
Aluminum profiles & fixing springs
48
48
17
Installation
Aluminum profilesSpringsInstallation tools
UA1 Magnet:UA1 Magnet:• 16 C-shaped elements (8 rings)• 16 48-mm thick iron plates for each C• 17-mm air gaps
Fixing Requirements:Fixing Requirements:• Feasible installation• No movement once installed• Protection from earthquakes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Installation (cont’d)
1) 2) 3)
4) 5)Installation summaryInstallation summary::• March July 2009• All modules tested
after installation
99.8% WORKING99.8% WORKING
Signal Readout
CHi
CLo
Cg
HV Trim
HV Bias
Cal. pulse
Trip-t
Mini-coax
MPPC
High gain channel
Low gain channel
Used by Used by SMRDSMRD
• Four Trip-t chips• 64 channels per board• HV for sensors• Timestamping• Possibility of channel pairing• Global trigger primitives
signaling
Trip-t Front-End Board (TFB)Trip-t Front-End Board (TFB)
FP
GA
MPPC Issues
Gain 105106
Quenching resistor
APD pixel in Geiger mode
Signal proportional to light intensity,
single photon ‘steps’
65 66 67 68 69 70 710
5
10
15x 10
5
T = 0 C
T = 10 C
T = 20 CT = 30 C
T = 40 C
T = 50 C
65 66 67 68 69 70 710
5
10
15x 10
5
Supply Voltage (V)
Ele
ctro
n G
ain
Example response
Gain vs Voltage vs Temp.• Small, insensitive to magnetic fields
• Relatively new sensor extensive testing was necessary
(revealed excellent sensor quality) nobody used it for long period (several years)
• Parameters highly dependent on temperature
Monitoring requiredMonitoring required
0 p.
e. 1 p.
e.2
p.e.
On-Line MonitoringBasic requirementsBasic requirements• Real time information analysis• Raising diagnostic (Audio-visual) alarms• Providing preliminary help for non-experts
On-going workOn-going work Channel histograms Gain & dark rateso Temperature datao Per-channel historyo Detailed alarmso Threshold settingso Physics data quality
monitoring
Reconstruction• Select pairs of hits in coincidence window ~25ns
(max. time of the signal propagation through the fibre, plus est. time readout uncertainty)
• Reconstruct hit position(only z-axis, along the scintillator, based on the time difference)
• Cosmic tracks – 3D fit to the reconstructed hits (Principal Component Analysis, straight line)
• Various reconstruction approaches are being pursued for beam events.
ND280 software v7r5
all hits hits in coincidence
ReconstructionMonte Carlo StudyMonte Carlo Study
ND280 software v6r1
Side view Front view
Straight track, good fit
track bent, poor fit
Example 1
Example 2
Reconstruction Error(maximum distance of the reconstructed track to the real track)
distance (mm)
no.
of t
rack
s
Cosmic muon trigger Purpose: Purpose:
Test and calibration (SMRD & inner detectors) Based on signals from SMRDBased on signals from SMRD
Also the downstream ECAL and first layers of P0D are used
Trigger algorithm:Trigger algorithm: Signals from both sides of the scintillator (coincidence
gate: 30 ns) At least two such coincidences from one tower Signals from two (or more) towers from different walls
(coincidence gate: 200 ns, because of the flight time)
Cosmic Muon Trigger Simulation Steps of the simulation:Steps of the simulation:1. Muon flux on the Earth surface
2. Propagation through the rock surrounding the pit
3. Propagation through the detector
4. Simulation of the electronic signals
5. Applying of the trigger conditions
ND280 simulation packagebased on GEANT 4
Simulation can be used for both closed and open magnet positions
PPreliminary studies show reliminary studies show cosmics simulation and cosmics simulation and data to agree welldata to agree well
Summary• Installation complete in July 2009• On-line monitoring partially done• Data taking seems to work, already
reconstructed cosmic muons tracks• Current efforts:
– Monitoring beam structure– Reconstruction (different approaches)– Simulation– Cosmic trigger– Calibration– Slow control
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