The study of the size, composition, and distribution of human populations and the causes and...

The problems to be faced are vast and complex, but come down to this;

7 billion people are breeding exponentially. The process of

fulfilling their wants and needs is stripping Earth of its biotic capacity to produce life; a climatic burst of consumption by a single species is

overwhelming the skies, earth, waters, and fauna.

-Paul Hawken

The study of the size, composition, and distribution of human populations and the causes and consequences of changes in these characteristics is known as demography.

The changes in human populations can have an impact on health, social, economic, and environmental effects.

Demography

Birthrates have come down but the population is still continuing to grow.

Deathrates have come down more than birthrates but we still continue to grow exponentially – with 97% of the new population being in developing countries.

So what is happening with the world’s population?

World’s population growth dropped from 2.2% to 1.2% from 1963 to 2008.

BUT the population doubled: 3.2B – 6.7BIn 2008, 80M people were added to the planet (2.5

Canada’s!!)Developed countries have a growth rate of 0.2%

while developing countries have a growth rate of 1.5% - eight times faster!

Developing countries have 5.7B people and are expected to reach 8B by 2050 while developed countries will stay about the same at 1.2B India, China, USA, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Nigeria

are expected to have the highest growth rates.

Some stats:

Now your time to work!!

Thailand reduced its growth in only fifteen years.1971, 3.2% growth rate and it dropped to 0.8% in 1986.1) family planning through government2)literacy rates in women3) increased economic role for women4) better health care for women/children5) encouragement of contraceptives6) people involved had loans to add drinking water and

toilets7) education and economic rewards for family planning8) great at lowering birthrate but has increased pollution9) not great public health10) poor air quality

Turn to page 184 and read the case study.

Births, deaths, and migration.Births + immigration = increaseDeaths + emigration = decrease

What affects population size?

YES!! – any birthrate that is above 1% grows exponentially over a period of time. It has slowed down but still grows.

Are we growing exponentially?

The population has doubled but the birthrate has was almost cut in half.

80,000,000 were added in 2008!

World Population: 1963-2008

Developed countries have a birthrate of 0.2% whereas developing countries have a birthrate of 1.5%.

The population is much larger in developing countries therefore the populations are going to cause a global population to continue to increase.

Developed vs. Developing

India, China, USA, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Nigeria.

Who grows the fastest?

What was the population of China in 2008? Predicted 2025?1.3 billion – 1.5 billion

What was the population of India in 2008? Predicted 2025?1.1 billion – 1.4 billion

What was the population of Canada in 2008? Predicted 2025?33 million – 38 million

Used to calculate the doubling time of a population by using the percentage growth rate.

70/1.2 = 58.3 years for Earth!

Rule of 70

Figure 10.6

1. Cost for raising and educating children2. Education and employment opportunities

for women3. Infant deaths4. Marriage age5. Availability of contraceptives and abortions

Five Factors that affect Birthrates

Availability of foodBetter nutritionAdvances in medicineImproved sanitationSafer water supply

… all in all… deathrates are declining due to technological advances and improved health care for individuals.

Factors that affect Deathrate

From 1500-1700, 6 million immigrants moved to Canada.

From 1820-1900, 50 million Europeans immigrated to North America.

Immigration to Canada

Figure 10.11

¼ of Canadians will be over the age of 65.

2031?

By looking at populations of young, middle, and older age groups this can determine how fast a population can grow.

If you have a population that is older than majority the population cannot grow as they have past the reproductive stages.

If they are too young, it won’t grow but will eventually hit a massive reproduction phase

If they are in the middle, they are right at the time of reproduction.

Age Structure

Age Structure Diagrams

28% of the world’s population in 2008 were under the age of 15…. What is going to happen?!!?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LF15YAvT9G0&feature=related

World Population Statistic

Continues to grow and is expected to surpass China – has currently 17% of world’s population

PovertyMalnutritionEnvironmental problems – degraded forests, soil

resources, waterlogging, salinization, overgrazing, and deforestation

2/3 of water is polluted and sanitation is inadequateFamily planning: poor planning, bureaucratic

ineffeciency, the low status of women, extreme poverty, and lack of administrative and financial support.

Families feel they need more children to help bring money into the home and care for them in old age

Need for a male heir

India’s attempt to reduce population growth