The Three Empires

The Three Empires

Rise of New Islamic Empires

The Collapse of the Mongols in 14th and 15th centuries… Led to the rise of three new Islamic empires:

Ottoman Empire 1300-1918

NW Anatolia in 1300

Egypt and Syria 1516-1517

Algeria and Tunis Belgrade, Rhodes

and Vienna Major Rival—

VENICE!

The Ottoman Empire at Its Height, 1566

Battle of Mohacs

Ottoman Helmet

Janissaries

Suleimaniye Mosque

Safavid Empire 1501-1722

Ismail I 1501—Shah and Shi’ism as

Qizilbash 1507 raids against

the Ottomans Abbas the Great

(1587-1629) Renewal of trade and

importance in trade

Safavid Shah with Attendants

Isfahan and Istanbul

The Safavid Empire

Mughal Empire 1526-1800s

Period of grandeur Timur (Mongol)

defeats Delhi Sultanate in 1398, and descendants create the Mughal empire by 1526

Babur Akbar (grandson) The Taj Mahal

Akbar on Elephant

Fatehpur-Sikri

Taj Mahal

Decline

Role of Islam/Religious Tolerance

Ottomans Sunni empire 1516 (capture of Mecca & Medina) Generally tolerant

Safavids Shi’ite empire Forcibly convert

Mughals Sunni empire Maintain good relations with Hindus Had Christian missionaries

Renaissance Leaders Ottomans

Architecture—Topkapi Palace, Faith mosque

Calligraphy Poetry

Safavids Poetry Architecture

Mughals Architecture Learning

FAMILY PROBLEMS Ottomans

Open succession

Safavids Tahmasp Ismail II

Mughals Humayan Jahangir

European Colonization in Indian Ocean to 1750

Summary The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires spanned a period of

Islamic history in which the isolation of medieval times - when small dynasties struggled to control small amounts of territory - gave way to the interdependence of modern times.

Between them, these three empires covered the entire Islamic world, with the exception of West Africa and Southeast Asia, and they ushered in a new age of global trade and communication, as all three established new relations with European powers.

Equally significant, all three pioneered the use of artillery in warfare, thus helping to change the way battles were fought for centuries to come.

Finally, each empire left its own imprint on the Islamic world, through such varied issues as architecture, treatment of non-Muslims, and consideration of Sunni vs. Shi'a issues.

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