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The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty
•Land•Reparations•War Guilt•League of
Nations•Military
Restrictions
The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty
• German army reduced
• Germany barred from having tanks, an air force, or submarines
• Occupied DMZ west of the Rhineland
Map showing German territory lost and the Rhineland DMZ
The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty
Although President
Wilson was the driving
force behind the creation
of the League of Nations, the United
States did not join it.
The League of NationsThe League of Nations
The “Stab-In-The-Back” TheoryThe “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory
German soldiers are German soldiers are dissatisfied.dissatisfied.
The Great DepressionThe Great Depression
Economic
• economic functions controlled by state corporations or state
Cultural
• Censorship• Indoctrination• Secret police
Social• Supported by
middle class, industrialists and military
Chief Examples
• Italy
• Spain
• Germany
Political
• nationalist
• racist (Nazism)
• One-party rule
• Supreme leader
Basic principles•Authoritarianism•State more important than the individual
•Charismatic leader•Action oriented
Characteristics of Fascism
Italy
Dictator Benito Mussolini addresses his followers
Rise of the Nazis
• Germany’s economic woes
• Political instability
• Fascism• National
Socialist German Workers’ Party
Adolf Hitler
The Nazis promoted a
view of Germany as surrounded by enemies
and threatened on all sides
Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, 1933
The Nazis Gain Power
Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Emperor Emperor Haile Haile
SelassieSelassie
IlIlDuceDuce
Germany Rearms
German troops march back into the Rhineland, March 1936
Hitler and MussoliniRome-Berlin Axis
Signing of Tripartite pact to form the Axis Alliance
Building an Axis
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco
The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?
The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?
Italian troops in Madrid
Italian troops in Madrid
The Destruction of Guernica
•Isolationism
•Neutrality Acts
•FDR•Lend-Lease•The
Atlantic Charter
Churchill and FDR at sea during the Atlantic Charter
talks
American Foreign Policy,
1932–1941
America-First Committee
America-First Committee
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh
The Austrian Anschluss, 1938The Austrian Anschluss, 1938
The “Problem” of theSudetenland
The “Problem” of theSudetenland
Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938
Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do
business with.
Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do
business with.
British Prime Minister Neville British Prime Minister Neville ChamberlainChamberlain
1938:
Hitler named
Time’s
Man of the Year
1938:
Hitler named
Time’s
Man of the Year
Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939
Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939
The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939
The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939
Foreign Ministers Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & von Ribbentrop &
MolotovMolotov
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
German Troops March into Warsaw
German Troops March into Warsaw
German Advances, 1939
France – False Sense of Security?
France – False Sense of Security?
The MaginotLine
The MaginotLine
European Theater of Operations
European Theater of Operations
Dunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940
Dunkirk EvacuatedJune 4, 1940
France SurrendersJune, 1940
France SurrendersJune, 1940
A Divided FranceA Divided France
Henri PetainHenri Petain
The French ResistanceThe French Resistance
The Free The Free FrenchFrench
General Charles General Charles DeGaulleDeGaulle
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
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