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Imagination has brought mankind
through the dark ages to its prese
state of civilization. Imagination lColumbus to discover America.
Imagination led Franklin to discov
electricity.-L. Frank Ba
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Thermal Power Plant
18 October 2013 Thermal Power Plant
P
Department of electrical engineeringNoida international university
greater Noida(india)
ON
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Generation of Electricity
Prime mover coupled to Alternator Prime mover is driven by energy
obtained from various sourcessuch as
burning of fuel
pressure of water Force of wind etc.
Fig. Fundamental of geElectricity
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Thermal Power Plant A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion i
energy is known as a steam power station. Steam is produced in the boiler by utilizing the heat of coal combustio
then expanded in the steam turbine and is condensed in a condenseboiler again. The steam turbine drives the alternator which converts menergy of the turbine into electrical energy.
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BASIC OPERATION
The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to f
producing heat
In Boiler drum the water is converted to steam. In Super heater the moisture content is removed from the st
that steam is called super heated steam
The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High pressu
The Exhausted steam is sent to reheater and the steam then
Intermediate pressure(IP) Turbine
The steam from the IP turbine is then feed to low pressure tu
The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which prod
Electric Power.
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General Layout
18 October 2013 Thermal Power Plant
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The most important constituents of a steam power stare:
a. Steam generating equipment
b. Condenser c. Prime mover d. Cooling towerse. Electrical equipment
Steam generating equipment includes:
Boiler Boiler furnace Superheater Economiser Air Pre-heater
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BOILERS A boiler is closed vessel in which water is converted into steam by utilising combustion.Steam boilers are broadly classified into following two types: (a) Water tube boilers
(b) Fire tube boilers
SUPER HEATERS• A device which removes last traces of moisture. • It helps in reduction in requirement of steam quantity.
ECONOMISER AND AIR PREHEATERS
• They are such devices which recover the heat from the flue gases onchimney and raise the temperature of feed water.
• Economiser raises boiler efficiency. • Air Pre-heaters recover the heat from the flue gases leaving the eco
the incoming air required for combustion
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CONDENSOR• Which condenses the steam at the exhaust of turbine.
• It creates a very low pressure at the exhaust of turbine, thisconverting heat energy of steam into mechanical energy in
mover.
PRIME MOVER(TURBINE)
• A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermfrom pressurized steam, and converts it into mechanical en
• About 86% of all electric generation in the world is by use oturbines.
COOLING TOWER
• Remove heat from the water discharged from the condenserwater can be discharged to the river or re circulated and reus
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ALTERNATORS The Synchronous Generator is used to Generate power by connectin
Turbine to the shaft of the generator which cuts the magnetic flux prod
The Generated Voltage will generally 11KV to 20 KV max. here 20KV
The Generated Voltage is stepped up by connecting Step up transfor400KV) and is transmitted and is also used for Auxiliary purposes.
It may be hydrogen or air cooled. The necessary excitation is provided by means of main and pilot exci
coupled to the alternator shaft.
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TRANSFORMERS
main step-transformers, which steps-up generated voltage transmissio auxiliary transformers, which supply to individual unit-auxiliaries
TYPE GENERATOR TRANSFORMER UNIT AUXILARRY T
RATED POWER(MVA) 1600 6300
KV(NO LOAD)HV SIDE(V) 230 15.75
KV(NO LOAD)LV SIDE(V) 15.75 2.55 & 0.433
RATED CURRENT HV(amp) 728 230.9
RATED CURRENT LV(amp) 10630.6 1143 &1167
FREQUENCY(Hz) 50 50
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SWITCH YARD
Placed where switching operation of power distribution is performed.
Air insulated switch yard of 220KV-400KV are used. Main Components of Switch Yard:
Circuit breaker
Isolator
Lightening arrester
Bus bar
Current Transformer
Potential Transformer
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CIRCUIT BREAKER
These are used for automatic switching during normabnormal conditions .
Specification:
Type of Circuit
Breaker
SF6
Rated Voltage 245 KV
Rated Current
Under Site Condition
of 40 0C
Under Site Condition
of 50 0C
4000 A
2000 A
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
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ISOLATOR
These are used to disconnect transmission line under no-condition for safety, isolation and maintenance.
Specification:
Rated current for site
conditions
2000 A
Rated Voltage 245 KV
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Operating time of
Isolator
Less than 12 sec.
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LIGHTENING ARRESTOR
• These are used to discharge lightning over voltages and switchover voltages to earth.
Specification:
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Max. Leakage Current 5 mA
BUS BAR
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BUS BAR
The conductors to which several incoming and outgoing lines are connected.
They are made up of Cu & Al.
The incoming and outgoing cables are provided for metering purpose.
CURRENT TRANSFORMERThese are used to step-down currents for measurement, control & protection.
Current transformers are used extensively for measuring current and monitoring the operation
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
VT measure voltage and this parameter used for protection of system.
For high voltage CVT (capacitive voltage transformer) is used instead of VT and capacitors
We can also use these capacitors for PLC system.
ASH HANDELING TECHNIQUE
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Top View of ESP Schematic Diagram
• The fluegas laden with flyash is sent through pipes having negativecharged plates which give the particles a negative charge. The partare then routed past positively charged plates, or grounded plates, attract the now negatively-charged ash particles.
• The particles stick to the positive plates until they are collected. Thethat leaves the plates is then clean from harmful pollutants.
Side view of ESP Schematic D
ASH HANDELING TECHNIQUE
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