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© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
PowerPoint® Lectures for College Physics: A Strategic Approach, Second Edition
Chapter 12
Thermal Properties of Matter
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 12-3
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 12-4
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 12-5
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Phases of Matter
Slide 12-16
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Atomic mass unit (either u or amu) 1 u = 1.66 X 10^-27 kg
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Checking Understanding What is the mass, in u, of a molecule of carbon dioxide, CO2?
A. 12 B. 24 C. 32 D. 36 E. 44
Slide 12-12
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer What is the mass, in u, of a molecule of carbon dioxide, CO2?
A. 12 B. 24 C. 32 D. 36 E. 44
Slide 12-13
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Rank the following in terms of the number of moles, from greatest number of moles to least:
1. 20 g of He (A = 4) 2. 60 g of Ne (A = 20) 3. 120 g of O2 (atomic oxygen, O, has A = 16) 4. 160 g of Ar (A = 40) 5. 200 g of Pb (A = 207)
A. 5 > 4 > 3 > 2 > 1 B. 5 > 4 > 2 > 3 > 1 C. 3 > 1 > 4 > 2 > 5 D. 1 > 4 > 3 > 2 > 5
Checking Understanding
Slide 12-14
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Answer Rank the following in terms of the number of moles, from greatest number of moles to least:
1. 20 g of He (A = 4) 2. 60 g of Ne (A = 20) 3. 120 g of O2 (atomic oxygen, O, has A = 16) 4. 160 g of Ar (A = 40) 5. 200 g of Pb (A = 207)
A. 5 > 4 > 3 > 2 > 1 B. 5 > 4 > 2 > 3 > 1 C. 3 > 1 > 4 > 2 > 5 D. 1 > 4 > 3 > 2 > 5
Slide 12-15
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Speed and Kinetic Energy of Gas Molecules
Slide 12-17
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Checking Understanding An object moving faster than the earth’s escape velocity (about 11 km/s) has enough energy to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. 11 km/s is pretty speedy, but gas atoms move at high speeds. Which one of the following gas molecules would be most likely to be moving at a speed high enough to escape the earth’s atmosphere?
A. Carbon dioxide B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen D. Water vapor E. Hydrogen
Slide 12-19
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer An object moving faster than the earth’s escape velocity (about 11 km/s) has enough energy to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. 11 km/s is pretty speedy, but gas atoms move at high speeds. Which one of the following gas molecules would be most likely to be moving at a speed high enough to escape the earth’s atmosphere?
A. Carbon dioxide B. Oxygen C. Nitrogen D. Water vapor E. Hydrogen
Slide 12-20
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Example Problem What are the rms speeds of a nitrogen molecule (mass 4.5 × 10-26 kg) at the following temperatures?
A. Room temperature of 68ºF (20ºC) B. The coldest temperature ever observed on earth,
-129ºF (-89ºC) C. Polar night on Mars, -133ºC D. The coldest temperature achieved in the laboratory,
0.5 nK
Slide 12-18
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© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Definition of Pressure
Demo time
1 pascal = 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
1 atmosphere = 101,300 Pa = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 psi
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Ideal Gas Law Changing the temperature, volume or number of particles changes the pressure of the gas. We can understand this using our model of the ideal gas.
Slide 12-28
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The Ideal Gas Law
Slide 12-21
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Ideal Gas Law for a Fixed Amount of Gas
Slide 12-22
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Reading Quiz 2. A sample of nitrogen gas is in a sealed container with a
constant volume. Heat is added to the gas. The pressure
A. increases B. stays the same C. decreases D. can’t be determined with the information given
Slide 12-8
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer 2. A sample of nitrogen gas is in a sealed container with a
constant volume. Heat is added to the gas. The pressure
A. increases B. stays the same C. decreases D. can’t be determined with the information given
Slide 12-9
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