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Three Learning Principles
Dr. Michele DiPietro
Executive Director, Center for Excellence in Teaching and LearningKennesaw State UniversityFormer President, The Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education
mdipietr@kennesaw.eduhttp://cetl.kennesaw.edu
“It’s not teaching that causes learning. Attempts by the learner to perform cause learning, dependent upon the quality of feedback and opportunities to use it.”— Grant Wiggins, “Feedback: How Learning Occurs”
“Teachers possess the power to create conditions that can help students learn a great deal – or keep them from learning much at all. Teaching is the intentional act of creating such conditions.”
— Parker Palmer, “The Courage to Teach”
3 Learning Principles
• Students’ motivation determines, directs, and sustains what they do to learn.
• Goal-directed practice coupled with targeted feedback enhances the quality of students’ learning.
• To become self-directed learners, students must learn to monitor and adjust their approaches to learning.
3. Students’ motivation determines, direct, and sustains what they do to learn
.
Effects of value, self-efficacy, & environment on motivation
5. Goal-directed practice coupled with targeted feedback enhances the quality of students’ learning
7. To become self-directed learners, students must learn to monitor and adjust their approaches to learning. Students don’t!
(Carey & Flower 1989; Hinsley et al. 1977)
Students overestimate their strengths(Dunning 2007)
Students don’t plan, or do it poorly(Chi et al. 1989; Carey et al. 1989)
Self-explanation effect
But students don’t do it!(Chi et al 1989)
Students don’t!(NRC 2001; Fu & Gray 2004)
Intellectual Development by Year
Baxter-Magolda (1992)
Mandates from learning science
• Build/Demonstrate Value and Activate Goals• Build Expectancy:
•Build Self-Efficacy•Create a supportive environment
• Be Explicit—about:•Goals•Expectations•Assessments
• Teach Self-assessment, Planning, Reflection, Strategy Switching
Strategies
• Signature Pedagogies and High-Impact Practices
•Collaborative Learning, Undergraduate Research, Global Learning/Study Abroad, Service Learning/Community Engagement, Writing across the Curriculum…
• Use technology to solve pedagogical problems
•Pedagogy drives technology not the other way around
• Alignment•Measurable Goals, Authentic Assessments,
Instruction• Scaffolding• Feedback (Neutral < Sandwich < High
Standards)• Self-Assessment• Embed Reflection (Wrappers)
Institutional Strategies
• Create a community of educators• Treat Teaching Scholarly
Strategies toward Mastery of Skills
• Be explicit about practiceGoals (hint: be more explicit than you think you
need to)Rubrics and other grading criteriaSet expectations about practiceModel target performanceShow students what you DON’T want
• Give frequent, timely, constructive feedback
Prioritize feedbackBalance strengths and weaknessesLook for patterns of errors and use group or
peer feedback for efficiencyRequire students to say how they used your
feedback in subsequent work
Strategies for MotivationValue• Connect to students’
interests, real-world tasks, present and future academic and professional lives
• Show enthusiasm for discipline
Expectancies • Educational alignment • Appropriate level of
challenge • Early success
opportunities• Educate students about
their attributions• Give study strategies
Both: flexibility and control, reflection
Strategies for Metacognition
• Assess task: check students’ understanding of the task, provide grading criteria upfront.
• Evaluate own’s strengths and weaknesses: self-assessment, early assessments.
• Plan: model good planning, make planning the point of the assignment
• Monitor performance: give heuristics for self correction, require reflection and annotation of students’ own work, use peer review/reader response
• Reflect/adjust: require reflection on performance and on study skills (Wrappers)
• Beliefs: discuss them directly, broaden students’ understanding of ‘learning’
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