Thursday April 17, 2008 ScaleDB Technical Presentation Scaling MySQL to New Heights

Thursday April 17, 2008

ScaleDB Technical Presentation

Scaling MySQL to New Heights

ScaleDB

ScaleDB for MySQL

Database

Storage EngineInnoDB, MyISAM, Cluster, Falcon, BDB, Merge, etc.

ScaleDB

What Makes ScaleDB Better?

• ScaleDB Advantages:• Performance: New indexing delivers dramatic

performance improvement• Scalability: Designed for clustering with Plug-

and-Cluster™ Architecture

Improving Performance

ScaleDB

ScaleDB Indexing

Conventional Indexing(B-tree)

General PurposeIndexing

Hash Bitmap Aggregate Etc.Special-purposeIndex Add-ons*

*Only supported by high-end commercial databases

ScaleDB Index: A general purpose index that also delivers much of the functionality and performance of special-purpose index add-ons

ScaleDB

ScaleDB: Multi-Table IndexingB-tree: Only indexes the data in tables

Index #1

#1 #2Index #2 Index #3 Index #4 Index #5

#3 #4 #5

ScaleDB Index

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

ScaleDB: Indexes the data and relationships Advantages:• Faster• Smaller• Referential integrity• More functionality

ScaleDB

Describing Our Demo

• Scenario: Select information that is spread across 3 tables: Colleges, Students and Enrollment

• Relationships: Students are enrolled in courses within departments of colleges

• DDL Definitions

ScaleDB

The QuerySELECT c1.CollName, s.StudName, c2.CourseName , e.Grade FROM College AS c1 STRAIGHT_JOIN Student AS s STRAIGHT_JOIN Enrollment AS e STRAIGHT_JOIN Course AS c2 ON ( c1.CollNo = s.CollNo AND s.CollNo = e.CollNo AND s.StudentNo = e.StudentNo AND e.CollNo = c2.CollNo AND e.DeptNo = c2.DeptNo AND e.CourseNum = c2.CourseNum ) WHERE c1.CollNo = X AND s.StudentNo = Y ;

ScaleDB

Option #1: Conventional Joins

Col_ID# Col_Name Col_Budget Col_DescriptionColleges

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit

002 Arts $5,432,567 Sports not so good

003 Business $9,999,666 Cool logo

004 Education $3,234,567 Ugh Worcester

005 Engineering $8,238,568 Serious work

006 Law $7,237,767 Jumpy students

007 Liberal Arts $9,898,777 Pretty campus

008 Medicine $5,987,004 In Texas

Students

56-8033 008 Mike Hogan Caucasian

56-8045 008 Moshe Smith Caucasian

56-8044 008 Sally Shadmon Native American

56-8055 008 Billy Fleegle African American

56-8037 008 Saul Goode African American

56-8122 008 Tim Collins Polynesian

56-8233 008 Sam Gee Asian

56-8334 008 Rod Paulino Asian

Enrollment

008 4455 56-8037 B+

008 4455 56-8033 C

008 4455 56-8045 B+

008 4456 56-8044 A-

008 4456 56-8122 B-

008 4454 56-8233 C

008 4455 56-8334 F

008 4454 56-8055 D

Coll_ID# Coll_Name Coll_Budget Coll_Description Student_ID# College_ID# Student_Name Student_Desc College_ID# Dept_ID# Student_ID# Grade

Colleges Index(s) Students Index(s) Enrollment Index(s)

Query Result: 008 Medicine $5,987,004 In Texas | 56-8037 Saul Goode African American | 4455 B+ |

Join Join

ScaleDB

Col_ID# Col_Name Col_Budget Col_DescriptionMaterialized View

Coll_ID# Coll_Name Coll_Budget Coll_Description Student_ID# Student_Name Student_Desc Dept_ID# Grade

Col_ID# Col_Name Col_Budget Col_Description

…………

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit 56-8033 Mike Hogan Caucasian 3345 A

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit 56-8033 Mike Hogan Caucasian 3235 B+

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit 56-8033 Mike Hogan Caucasian 3245 A-

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit 56-8033 Mike Hogan Caucasian 3245 B

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit 56-8033 Mike Hogan Caucasian 3235 A+

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit 56-8034 Paul Martyn Caucasian 3239 A-

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit 56-8034 Paul Martyn Caucasian 3239 B

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit 56-8034 Paul Martyn Caucasian 3240 A+

008 Medicine $5,987,004 In Texas 56-8037 Saul Goode African American 4455 A

008 Medicine $ 5,987,004 In Texas 56-8037 Saul Goode African American 4455 A

008 Medicine $ 5,987,004 In Texas 56-8037 Saul Goode African American 4455 B+

008 Medicine $ 5,987,004 In Texas 56-8037 Saul Goode African American 4455 A-

008 Medicine $ 5,987,004 In Texas 56-8037 Saul Goode African American 4455 B

008 Medicine $ 5,987,004 In Texas 56-8039 Paul Martyn Caucasian 4454 A-

008 Medicine $ 5,987,004 In Texas 56-8039 Paul Martyn Caucasian 4454 B

008 Medicine $ 5,987,004 In Texas 56-8039 Paul Martyn Caucasian 4454 A+

Enrollment

008 4455 56-8037 B+

008 4455 56-8033 C

008 4455 56-8045 B+

008 4456 56-8044 A-

008 4456 56-8122 B-

008 4454 56-8233 C

008 4455 56-8334 F

008 4454 56-8055 D

Col_ID# Col_Name Col_Budget Col_DescriptionColleges

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit

002 Arts $5,432,567 Sports not so good

003 Business $9,999,666 Cool logo

004 Education $3,234,567 Ugh Worcester

005 Engineering $8,238,568 Serious work

006 Law $7,237,767 Jumpy students

007 Liberal Arts $9,898,777 Pretty campus

008 Medicine $5,987,004 In Texas

Students

56-8033 008 Mike Hogan Caucasian

56-8045 008 Moshe Smith Caucasian

56-8044 008 Sally Shadmon Native American

56-8055 008 Billy Fleegle African American

56-8037 008 Saul Goode African American

56-8122 008 Tim Collins Polynesian

56-8233 008 Sam Gee Asian

56-8334 008 Rod Paulino Asian

Coll_ID# Coll_Name Coll_Budget Coll_Description Dept_ID# Dept_Name Coll_ID# Dept_Budget Course_ID# Course_Name Coll_ID# Dept_ID#

Copies (and synchronizes) the data from individual tables into one massive view

Option #2: Materialized View

Query Result: 008 Medicine $5,987,004 In Texas | 56-8037 Saul Goode African American | 4455 B+ |

Materialized View Indexes

ScaleDB

Col_ID# Col_Name Col_Budget Col_DescriptionColleges

001 Agriculture $1,234,567 Nice place to visit

002 Arts $5,432,567 Sports not so good

003 Business $9,999,666 Cool logo

004 Education $3,234,567 Ugh Worcester

005 Engineering $8,238,568 Serious work

006 Law $7,237,767 Jumpy students

007 Liberal Arts $9,898,777 Pretty campus

008 Medicine $5,987,004 In Texas

Students

56-8033 008 Mike Hogan Caucasian

56-8045 008 Moshe Smith Caucasian

56-8044 008 Sally Shadmon Native American

56-8055 008 Billy Fleegle African American

56-8037 008 Saul Goode African American

56-8122 008 Tim Collins Polynesian

56-8233 008 Sam Gee Asian

56-8334 008 Rod Paulino Asian

Enrollment

008 4455 56-8037 B+

008 4455 56-8033 C

008 4455 56-8045 B+

008 4456 56-8044 A-

008 4456 56-8122 B-

008 4454 56-8233 C

008 4455 56-8334 F

008 4454 56-8055 D

Coll_ID# Coll_Name Coll_Budget Coll_Description Student_ID# College_ID# Student_Name Student_Desc College_ID# Dept_ID# Student_ID# Grade

Option #3: ScaleDB

Query Result: 008 Medicine $5,987,004 In Texas | 56-8037 Saul Goode African American | 4455 B+ |

CollegeCollege

StudentsStudents

EnrollmentEnrollment

ScaleDB’s multi-table index is relationship-aware

A SingleIndex

LookupDepartmentsDepartments

CoursesCourses

ScaleDB Index

EnrollmentEnrollment

ScaleDB

Building Relationships in ScaleDBCollegeCollegeCreate College

DepartmentsDepartmentsCreate Department - foreign key: College

CoursesCoursesCreate Course - foreign key: Department

StudentsStudents

Create Students - foreign key: College

EnrollmentEnrollment

Create Enrollment - foreign key: Students

Relationship creation is automated

ScaleDB

Pros & Cons of Each Method

Ease of Implementation

Real-Time Data

Performance Tuning

ConventionalJoins + + - -+ + - -MaterializedViews - - + -- - + -

ScaleDB + + + ++ + + +

ScaleDB

Performance Variables

• Early performance benchmarks• Used a vanilla scenario• Our performance advantage increases with:

• Query/Schema Complexity• Referential Integrity Checks• Key Size• Data Size/Number of Keys

• Performance Advantage: 2X – 20X+

Improving Scalability

ScaleDB

The Challenges of Scaling

• How do I partition data?• Predict usage patterns, application evolution, data

growth patterns…all are moving targets• Avoid data skew: bottlenecks caused by frequently

accessed data on just a few nodes• Data shipping between nodes (2-phase commit)• Searches outside the partition column require

participation by all nodes

• Scaling becomes an exercise in fire fighting

ScaleDB

ScaleDB’s Plug-and-Cluster™

• Cluster-ready solution, just plug in a server• No need to partition the data• Based on shared-everything architecture

• Found in the highest-end commercial databases• Eliminates all of the data partitioning problems

ScaleDB

Local LockManager

Shared StorageShared Storage

ScaleDB ClusterLocal LockManager

Local LockManager

Local LockManager

ScaleDB

ScaleDB Cluster

Shared StorageShared Storage

Global Lock ManagerGlobal Lock Manager

ScaleDB

Demo

ScaleDB

Summary• Revolutionary indexing solution delivers a

quantum leap in performance & scalability• Results:

• Performance improvements of 2X and up• 7X smaller index size (average)

• Stop jumping through hoops to avoid joins…FREE JOINS!

• Enables more complex applications, fresh data, lower TCO, superior scalability & performance

• We’re looking for appropriate beta testers