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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH). By: Kajal Grover Jayasri Vijay Neal Shah. What is TSH?. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH or thyrotropin) Stimulates thyroid gland to produce Triidotheronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4), which in turn stimulates oxidative respiration. How is TSH created?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Thyroid-Stimulating
Hormone (TSH)
By: Kajal Grover
Jayasri Vijay
Neal Shah
What is TSH?
• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH or
thyrotropin)
• Stimulates thyroid gland to produce
Triidotheronine (T3) and Thyroxine
(T4), which in turn stimulates
oxidative respiration
How is TSH created?
• Hypothalamus produces Thyrotropin-
Releasing Hormone (TRH)
• Triggers the anterior pituitary gland
to release TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating
Hormone)
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands
Thyroid Gland
General Overview of Glands
TSH = Peptide-Based
Overview
• TSH (which is released from the pituitary
gland) binds to the TSH receptor on the
thyroid cells, activating adenylyl cyclase
and cAMP. This stimulates thyroid growth
and causes synthesis and the release of
thyroid hormones T3 and T4 which
stimulates our metabolic rates and are
crucial for normal growth and development.
TSH Signaling Pathway
TSH Signaling Pathway
Negative Feedback
• T3 and T4 concentrations in blood decrease
• Hypothalamus secrets TRH, stimulating TSH
secretion from pituitary, which stimulates
thyroid gland to release thyroxine
• Thyroxine acts on hypothalamus and anterior
pituitary gland to inhibit TRH and TSH
secretion
• Allows homeostasis: keeps thyroxine levels
fairly constant to control body’s metabolism
Negative Feedback Loop Diagram
Negative Feedback Loop Diagram
Negative Feedback Example• Example of person lacking iodine in diet:
– Thyroid gland can’t produce thyroxine (which contains 4
iodines per molecule)
– Thyroxine concentration in blood decreases
– Reduced inhibition received by hypothalamus and
anterior pituitary gland
– Causes elevated secretion of TRH and TSH
– High levels of TSH stimulates thyroid gland, which swells
with products of thyroxine metabolic pathway
– Still can’t produce thyroxine without iodine
– Consequence: enlarged thyroid gland (goiter)
TSH Receptor
• Too much TSH binding to the TSH
receptor on the thyroid cells will lead
to hyperthyroid diseases
• Too little TSH binding to these thyroid
cells will lead to hypothyroid
diseases
Diseases
• High TSH HYPERTHYROIDISM
– Hair loss, coarse texture of the hair, core body
temperature increases, sweating, heart beats
faster , oily skin, diarrhea , slows down mental
development
• Graves’ Disease: goiter, nervousness, heat
sensitivity, hand tremors, weight loss, fatigue
Goiter
Diseases
• Low TSH Hypothyroidism
– Weight gain, faster aging, lower core body
temperature, tiredness , hair loss, dry skin, dry
constipations, heart beats slower, memory
impairment, blood pressure can drop
– Myxedema (swelling) of the legs in adults
– Cretinism in children: stunted growth and
severe mental retardation
Myxedema in Legs
Diseases
How Pathway is Disrupted
Works Cited
• http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2011;volume=57;issue
=2;spage=141;epage=142;aulast=Hari
• http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v6/n4/images/nrc1836-f3.jpg
• http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n1/images/nrendo.2009.225-f2.jpg
• http://www.taytan.com/goiter.htm
• http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-tsh
• http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm
• http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42/4202s.swf
• http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/443/454188/st1003.html
• http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=pituitary+gland&source=images&cd=&ca
d=rja&docid=3IVjW2zxjUhfZM&tbnid=3o237C9_Z4sglM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%
3A%2F%2Fthebiologyzone.wordpress.com%2F&ei=vBlPUbSBEqS22gWnzYG4DA&bvm
=bv.44158598,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFQaKiAHTJuSklgJp5UphG55QIu3g&ust=
1364224753952394
Works Cited
• http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=regulation+of+thyroxine+secretion&source=images&cd=&docid=P5L9BMWcR4lBgM&tbnid=apUFgtFBZBbbQM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmoodle.rockyview.ab.ca%2Fmod%2Fbook%2Fprint.php%3Fid%3D58094%26chapterid%3D20881&ei=6VhPUYyNHouE9QTVg4DgBQ&bvm=bv.44158598,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGjId4dgKu-xWywEkXUj4ZhKlQGug&ust=
1364240916336685
• http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=thyroid+gland&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=0zy0sNlJNGWLoM&tbnid=MB90rcicKw2mIM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.com%2Fhealth%2Fmedical%2FIM01872&ei=aF1PUffmGo-w8QSh4IFo&bvm=bv.44158598,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHSlalZFMlac5twCu0QxJ4ltrETvQ&ust=
1364242142231717
• http://www.thyroidologists.com/images/Rich/TSH_Medium.png
• http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap16/chap16.htm
• http://antranik.org/thyroid-stimulating-hormone-thyrotropin/
• http://drugline.org/img/ail/3153_3176_1.jpg
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