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Implementation of
Operational Plan for theManila Bay Coastal Strategy
(OPMBCS)
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Manila Bay is a semi-enclosedestuary facing the south china sea
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THE MANILA BAYCATCHMENT BASIN
HYDROLOGICBOUNDARY MAP
LENGTH OF MANILABAY COASTLINE
= 190 KM
BAY SURFACE AREA= 1,800 SQ KM
AVERAGE BAY DEPTH= 17 METERS
TOTAL DRAINAGEAREA =17,000 SQ. KM
TOTAL NUMBER OFWATERSHEDS =26
TOTAL NUMBER OFRIVERS AND
CREEKS = 131
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ProvinceCoastal
City
Non-coastal
City
CoastalMuni-
cipality
Non-
Coastal
Mnicipality
Barangays
1.Bataan 1
-
-
-
-
4
-
8. Laguna - 1 - 29 674
9. Cavite 1 2 8 12 845
6
12
2.Tarlac
110-
-
1
1
1
514
3.Pampanga
8
18
1
-
3
5
-
539
4. Bulacan
2
-
22
19
32
3
13
567
5. N. Ecija 832
6. NCR 1869
7. Rizal
15 28
187
149Total 6039
Bataan
Pampanga
Tarlac
Nueva Ecija
Rizal
Bulacan
Cavite
Laguna
NC
R
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MAJOR RIVERSDISCHARGING INTOMANILA BAY
PAMPANGA RIVER
PASIG RIVER
MEYCAUAYAN-MARILAO-OBANDO RIVERS
TALISAY RIVER
TULLAJAN-TENEJEROSRIVER
ZAPOTE RIVER
MARAGONDON RIVER
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MB
EM
P
Significance to the country
Historical, Cultural and Political Silent witness to many battlesManila Bay area is the seat of political power
Social Home to 23M Filipinos or about 30% of the
countrys population
Economic Contribution to PhilippineEconomy (55%)
Business and financial centers Economic zones and technological parks Ports and harbors Fisheries and aquaculture
Tourism Agricultural areas
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NCR Reg. 3 Reg. 4 Total
G D P 30.42 9.15 15.49 55.06
Sector (Agriculture,Fisheries & Forestry) - 10.45 18.37 28.82
Industry(Manufacturing & Mining
Industries)33.59 10.72 19.26 63.05
Services (Trade &Finance) 41.38 7.39 11.36 60.13
Contribution of Manila Bay Region toContribution of Manila Bay Region to
Phil ippine Economy (% )Philippine Economy (% )MB
EM
P
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MB
EM
P
Threats and Issues
Overexploitation of resources
Habitat conversion anddestruction
Uncontrolled reclamation andcoastal development
Multiple-use conflicts
Inadequate institutional and policysupport mechanisms
Water pollution
.Domestic sewage
. Industrial effluent
. Ship-based residuals
. Toxic chemicals &Hazardous wastes
Over extraction ofGroundwater
Solid waste
Red tides
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MB
E
M
P
Threats and Issues
Overexploitation of resources
-Habitat conversion anddestruction
-Uncontrolled reclamation andcoastal development
Multiple-use conflicts
Inadequate institutional and
policy support mechanisms
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Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898) U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph
Manila BayManila Bay
Environmental
ManagementProject (MBEMP)
Man i la Bay i s one o f t he 12 s i t es o f t he Reg iona l P rog ramme, Bu i l d i ng Pa r tne rsh ips
f o r Env i ron m en t a l Managem en t f o r t he Seas o f East Asia o r PEMSEA.
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Manila BayEnvironmental
Management
Project(MBEMP)
Partnerships in
Environmental Management
for the Seas of East Asia
shared responsibility in addressing the complex environmental risks and challenges as this is beyond the capacity
of any single government, agency,community, group or individual.
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MBEMPs Overall
Objective
To develop innovative
partnerships to bring togetherthe local government units,national agencies, the private
sector, the civil society,scientific and technicalcommunities, internationaland donor communities to
plan, develop and manageunder a common frameworkthe marine and coastalresources of Manila Bay andsurrounding watershed areas
MBEMP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
MBEMP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
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MBEMP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREMBEMP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
PROJECT COORDINATING COMMITTEE
Project Manager
Core Technical Work ing Group
(TWG)
MBEMP Components
Manila Bay Coastal Strategy
Risk Assessment
Civil Society Participation/StakeholdersMobilization
Environmental Investment
Integrated Information ManagementSystem/MBIN
Operational Plan for MBCS
Manila Bay Environmental and
Resource Valuation
Manila Bay Oil Spill Contingency Planning
Institutional Arrangement
Integrated Environmental MonitoringProgram
Coastal Land and Sea Use Zoning
Site Managemen t OfficeDENR Region 3
Site Managemen t OfficeDENR Region 4
Site Managemen t OfficeDENRNCR
Sub-TWG
Site Coordinating Committee (SCC)
Project Director
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MBEMP Project Coordinating CommitteeMBEMP Project Coordinating Committee
Dept. of Transportationand Communication
Project Coordinating Committee
DENR
Dept. of Health
DA/Bureau of Fisheriesand Aquatic Resources
Bataan Province
Pampanga Province
Bulacan Province
Cavite Province
Metro Manila Dev. Authority
Laguna Lake Dev. Authority
University/Scientific Institutions
Civil Society, NGOs, POs
Dept. of Tourism
Philippine Ports Authority
Philippine Coast Guard
Pasig River RehabilitationCommission
NEDA
Media
MARINA
DTI - BOI
Dept. of Public Worksand Highways
Dept. of Science & TechnologyPCAMRD, PNRI, PAGASA
Dept. of Foreign Affairs Core Technical Working Group
Dept. of Interior & Local Govt
MWSS, Concessionaires
Metro Manila coastal cities
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Components of the Manila Bay
Environmental Management Project
Refined Risk Assessment (RRA)Refined Risk Assessment (RRA)
Integrated Information Mgt.Integrated Information Mgt.System (IIMS) and MBSystem (IIMS) and MB
Information Network (MBIN)Information Network (MBIN)
Coastal LandCoastal Land--Sea Use ZoningSea Use Zoning
PlanPlan
Integrated EnvironmentalIntegrated Environmental
Monitoring Program (IEMP)Monitoring Program (IEMP)
Institutional ArrangementInstitutional Arrangement
Oil Spill Contingency PlanOil Spill Contingency Plan
Manila Bay Coastal StrategyManila Bay Coastal Strategy
Operational Plan for MBCSOperational Plan for MBCSEnvironmental & ResourceEnvironmental & Resource
ValuationValuation
Environmental InvestmentEnvironmental Investment Capacity BuildingCapacity Building
Stakeholders ParticipationStakeholders Participation
( Advocacy and Communication )( Advocacy and Communication )
I P j t C t O t t /O t
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A product of a series ofconsultations withstakeholders
Embodies stakeholdersvisions and action programsfor restoring Manila Bay
Adopted by variousstakeholders of Manila Bay inan event called the ManilaBay Declaration in October
2001 with Her Excellency,Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as witness to thispublic declaration of
commitment for itsimplementation.
1. Manila Bay Coastal Strategy (MBCS)
I. Project Component Outputs/Outcomes
Stakeholders Visions(Mani la Bay re f lec t i ve o f God s g lo r y i s a c lean , sa fe , w ho lesom e and p r odu c t i ve ecosystem , a cen t e r o f soc io -econom ic dev e lopm en t , and a na t u ra l he r i t age by
genu ine Fi l ip i no v a lues t ow a rds a be t t e r qua l i t y o f l i f e f o r p res en t and f u t u r e gene ra t i ons )
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Threats Pollution
Overfishing Multiple-Use conflicts
Siltation and sedimentation
Habitat degradation
Multiple-use conflicts Inadequate institutional and
policy support system
Values Natural
Cultural & historical
Settlements andareas of development
Tourism & recreation
MB
E
M
P
Vision and M ission
Strategies
ProtectProtect
MitigateMitigate DevelopDevelop
CommunicateCommunicate
DirectDirect
Action Programs
Desired
changes and
Outcomes
(Indicators)
Manila Bay Coastal StrategyManila Bay Coastal Strategy
2 Refined Risk Assessment
22 RRefinedefined RRiskisk AAssessmentssessment
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2. Refined Risk Assessment2.2. RRefinedefined RRiskisk AAssessmentssessment
Refined Risk Assessment is a process ofestimating the livelihood of harm being done tohuman health and in ecosystem through factorsa emanating from human activities
Bio-ecological assessment of resourcesestablished a clear evidence of declines forfisheries , shellfish and mangroves
Physico-chemical assessment should high levelof total and fecal coliform, phospate, and heavymetals
served as a valuable reference in thedevelopment of succeeding plans (i.e.Operational Plan, IEMP, AdComP, ResourceValuation, Environmental Investment, Coastal
Land and Sea-Use Plan, Oil Spill ContingencyPlan, IIMS and Manila Bay Atlas
2 REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)
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MB
E
M
P
2. REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)OF MANILA BAY
1. Mangroves
*Declined much in cover:
54,000 ha (1890)
2000 ha (1990)
740 ha (1995)
420 ha. (est) in 2005 (pilotIEMP)
*Disappearance of NILAD
species where Manilagot its name
Retrospective Risk Assessment
Fishpond in Hagonoy, Bulacan (2005)
REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)
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MB
E
M
P
REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)OF MANILA BAY
2. Fisheries
Declined much in
quantity and quality( from commercial tonon-commercial )
Disappearance ofwindow pane oyster(capiz)
Retrospective Risk Assessment
Paraaque (2005)
REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)
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MB
E
M
P
REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)OF MANILA BAY
Assessed
Area* Shellfish RQ
Highest =
467(Paraaque)
Highest =2,667(wet season)
Bulacan
Naic
KawitParaaque
Oyster
Oyster
OysterMussel
Bacoor Oyster
!
Diarrhea
Human Health
Risk from
consumption
ANNUAL AND SEASONAL FECAL COLIFORM IN SHELLFISH
REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)
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MB
E
M
P
REFINED RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)OF MANILA BAY
RQMaxMetal
Metro Manila Central
Luzon
South.
Tagalog
Cadmium
(Cd)1.18 0.72 0.64
Mercury
(Hg)4.98 3.04 2.70
Lead (Pb) 7.08 4.32 3.84
Copper (Cu) 2.76 1.68 1.50
Zinc (Zn) 3.13 1.91 1.70
Shellfish samples of
mussels and oysters
include thoseobtained from the
mouth of the Pasig
River except for Hg
For Cu and Zn,
which are essential
metals, less
importance is
attached to RQ >1
Remarks
Heavy Metal Contaminants in Shellfish
3. Integrated Environmental Monitoring
3. Integrated Environmental Monitoring
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g gProgram (IEMP)
g gProgram (IEMP)
An inter-agency output that prescribes asystem of monitoring resources andpriority parameters for water quality
Aims to provide updated information onthe prevailing condition of Manila Bay fordecision making
Pilot study conducted on bio-ecologicaland physico -chemical parameter
Developed a 5- year Integrated
Environmental Monitoring action planwith specific roles and responsibilitiesamong concerned agencies.
Adopted thru MOU during the 6th PCCmeeting on November 13, 2006
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MB
E
M
P
BioBio--Ecological Pilot IEMPEcological Pilot IEMP
Orani
Mangroves
Fisheries
MangrovesMangroves
FisheriesFisheries
Fish StockAssessment
Avifauna Monitoring
Mangrove Monitoring
M Pil t IEMPM Pil t IEMP
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MB
E
M
P
Mangrove Pilot IEMPMangrove Pilot IEMP
Orani
NCR Region 3 Region 4
MangroveArea (ha)
No. of True
MangroveSpecies
Total No.
of stands
Ave. no. oftrees/ha
32 364 24
9 11 15
25,509 180,331 23,331
751 751 978
Total Sampled Landed Catch
Total Sampled Landed CatchTotal Sampled Landed Catch
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MB
E
M
P
Orani
Total Sampled Landed Catch(December 1, 2004-April 15, 2004)
Total Sampled Landed CatchTotal Sampled Landed Catch(December 1, 2004(December 1, 2004--April 15, 2004)April 15, 2004)
TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES TOTALPelagic Demersal Invertebrates Catch
(kg)
Total* 38 51 26 231,821*based on 3-day sampling per week as landed
Bataan 20 43 13 6,930
Hagonoy 12 23 12 32,020
Navotas 22 31 5 140,039
Pque34 30 14 33,375
Cavite 38 51 26 19,457
LANDINGAREA
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MB
E
M
P
PhysicoPhysico--Chemical IEMPChemical IEMP
1. Rivermouth MonitoringImus R iver, Zapote R iver,
Bulacan River, Balanga RiverBataan, Pampanga River
2. Bathing BeachesMonitoring (Cavite to Bataan)
Monitoring AreasMonitoring Areas
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MB
E
M
P
RivermouthRivermouth MonitoringMonitoring
OraniOrani
Pampanga Bay
B
A
T
A
AN
C A V I T E
B U L A C A N
Corrigidor
MasukolSamal
Abucay
BalangaPilar
Orion
Limay
Lamao
Cabcaben
Mariveles
San Juan
Naic
Rosario
Bacoor
Manila
Alasasin
123
984
765
RIVERS MONITORED FOR
DO/ BOD LOADING
RIVERS MONITORED FOR
DO/ BOD LOADING
Imus
Zapote
Bulacan
Bataan
Pampanga
Imus
Zapote
Bulacan
BataanPampanga
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MB
E
M
P
RivermouthRivermouth MonitoringMonitoring
RQs for lead in sediment
4.2 4.4 4.1
2.6
4.4
0
1
2
3
4
5
DO,mg/L
Imus
Zapo
te
Bula
can
Bataan
P
ampa
nga
River
Average DO Concentration of Selected Rivers
Draining in Manila Bay (Feb - May 2005)
DENR Std
failedpassedthe DENRthe DENRstandard ofstandard of55
B hi B h
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MB
E
M
P
Bathing BeachesBathing Beaches
BATHING BEACHESMONITORED
BATHING BEACHESMONITORED
Navotas
Luneta
Bacoor
Lido
Villamar
San
IsidroCelebrity
GardenCoast
CostaEugenia
Villa
Criselda
Mattel
Villa
Carmen
VillaLeonora
Brgy.
Wawa
OraniOraniOrani
Pampanga Bay
B
A
T
A
AN
C A V I T E
B U L A C A N
Corrigidor
MasukolSamal
Abucay
BalangaPilar
Orion
Limay
Lamao
Cabcaben
Mariveles
San Juan
Naic
Rosario
Bacoor
Manila
Alasasin
123
984
765
Navotas
Celebrity
SanIsidro
Villamar
Lido
Gard
enC
oast
CostaE
ugen
ia Bacoor
VillaCarmen
Villa Leonora
Brgy. Waw a
Mattel
Villa
Crise
lda
Lu
neta
Geomean of Fecal Coliform in Manila Bay 2004 vs 2005 (jan-jun)
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.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
100ml
Station
Geomean of Fecal Coliform in Manila Bay, 2004 vs 2005 (jan-jun)
18095 21785 4089 328 662 920 2898 1123 629 14 58 91 258 1065 928
14432 542 93 3658 236 385 154 6 5546 620 1419 16 23 76 172 256 248
Navotas Luneta Bacoor Lido VillamarSan
IsidroCelebrity
Garden
Coast
Cos ta
Eugenia
Villa
CriseldaMattel
Villa
Carmen
Villa
Leonora
Brgy.
Wawa
MPN/
W/in Std - 200 MPN
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
/100ml
4. Environmental and Resource Valuation4. Environmental and Resource Valuation
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MB
E
M
P
(ERV)(ERV)
Economic Valuation ofkey marine and coastalresources and uses :
Mangroves
Coral reefs
Fisheries and aquaculture Ports and shipping
Tourism
PhP 8.3 Billion
Economic Valuation of
environmental damage :
Loss of habitat (likemangroves
Overextraction ofgroundwater
Impacts to human healthfrom water pollution
Saltwater Intrusion
Red Tide
PhP 4.0 Billion
5 Operational P lan for the Manila
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5. Operational P lan for the Manila
Bay Coastal Strategy
Transformed the Manila Bay
Coastal Strategy into action plansand programs w ith measurabletargets, timeframe, budgetaryrequirements and responsible
institutions in three (3) areas ofconcerned: 1.) water pollution 2.)resources and habitat and 3.)partnerships and governance)
Approved and endorsed by thePCC to NEDA for incorporation tothe Medium-Term Phil. Dev. P lan
(MTPDP)
OPMBCS Framework
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Targets & ActionPlans
Objective & Activities Timeframe Success Criteria Budgetary
Requirement &Financial Strategy
Responsible Agency IEC Strategy
Refined Risk Assessment
Goals andGoals and
PrioritiesPriorities Water Pollution Habitats &
Resources
Partnership &
Governance
Risks andChallenges
Values
Vision and M ission
Desired Changes&Outcomes
M B C S
Strategies
Protect, Mitigate,Develop, Communicate,
Direct
Operational Plan
1 2 3
OPMBCS
5.DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR5.DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR
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MB
E
M
P
MANILA BAY COASTAL STRATEGYMANILA BAY COASTAL STRATEGY
The development of the OPMBCS is a major component ofthe Manila Bay Environmental Management Project (MBEMP)
OPMBCS puts into action plans and programs the strategiesin the Manila Bay Coastal strategies that will address the riskand challenges identified in the Refined Risk Assessment(RRA)
Puts in detailed how to address the Three (3) priority issuesidentified in the Risk Assessment: Partnership and Governance,
Water Pollution, Over-Exploitation of Resources and Degradation ofHabitats
Each issue has its own identified goals and specific objectives and
action plans with measurable targets, timeframe, budgetaryrequirements and responsible agencies
5.DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR5.DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR
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MB
E
M
P
MANILA BAY COASTAL STRATEGYMANILA BAY COASTAL STRATEGY
The Plan, categorized into short-term, medium-term and long-term program/activities
Both the MBCS and the RRA were major sources of information incoming up with the comprehensive OPMBCS
OPMBCS entails the integration of practical lessons
learned in the course of the implementation of the ManilaBay Environmental management Project ( MBEMP) with theadoption of relevant national and local strategies andprograms
OPMBCS was developed by a Technical Working Group (TWG)and through the unified effort of the various stakeholders of theManila Bay Coastal and watershed areas covering NCR, Central
Luzon (Region3) and Southern Tagalog Region (Region 4A) asubjected to stakeholders consultations throughout the watershed
The Desired Outcomes
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The Desired Outcomes
of the OPMBCS
Adoption of OPMBCS by the Regional
Development Council of Region 3, Region 4 andNCR (NEDA) for incorporation into the MediumTerm Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP)
Mobilization of funds from national agencies andlocal government units, the private sector, NGOs,and external sources (e.g., donor agencies,international financing institutions, foundations,etc.)
5 OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR MANILA BAY5 OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR MANILA BAY
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MB
E
M
P
5. OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR MANILA BAY5. OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR MANILA BAY
transforms the identified strategies and action programstransforms the identified strategies and action programs
in the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy into action plans andin the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy into action plans and
programs with set of targets, estimated budgets,programs with set of targets, estimated budgets,timeframe and responsible agencytimeframe and responsible agency
Water Pollution Water Quality
Harmful AlgalBlooms
Solid Waste
Toxic andHazardous Waste
Habitats andResources
Exploitation ofResources
Destruction ofHabitats
PartnershipsandGovernance
No integratedmanagement
framework Lack of
awarenessand capacity
Lack ofresources
Water Pollution
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Water Pollution
Goal
Protect the waters in Manila Bay and its
tributaries (rivers and lake) and ensurethat they are safe for various uses (e.g.,recreation, source of potable water,
transportation, irrigation, fisheries andother living resources)
Water Pollution
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Water Pollution
-Objectives
Reduce by 50% the discharges of raw sewage, septage and untreatedwastewater (from commercial, industrial, agricultural and fisheries/aquaculture)by 2015
Establish integrated solid waste management in all LGUs by 2007
Develop and implement toxic and hazardous waste management system by2008.
Stop sea dumping of sewage, industrial sludge, solid waste and contaminateddredged materials by 2006.
Stop discharges of operational waste (oily bilge and ballast water) from shipsand the use of anti- fouling paints with TBTs and other harmful compound by2006.
Activate a bay-wide, multi-sectoral oil spill prevention and response programby 2006
Partnership and Governance
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Partnership and Governance
Goal
Promote partnerships and ensure
the implementation of goodenvironmental governance asmeans to achieve the sustainabledevelopment of the Manila BayRegion
Partnership and Governance
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Partnership and Governance
Objectives
Develop, adopt and implement an Integrated Land and Sea-Use Zoning
Plan for the Manila Bay area by 2012
Establish appropriate institutional arrangement to oversee, coordinate
and guide the implementation of MBCS and Operational Plan by 2007
Develop, set up and operationalize integrated coastal area and riverbasin management system covering 100% of the Manila Bay region by
2010
Create awareness, build capacity and mobilize at least 50% of the
coastal communities to participate in activities related to theimplementation of MBCS by 2010
Partnership and Governance
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Partnership and Governance
Objectives
Increase to at least 75% the number of LGUs within the Manila BayRegion implementing development of environmental investmentprograms through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) by 2010
Reduce by 25% the illegal settlers, establishments and structuresalong coastlines, riverbanks and waterways by 2010 and prevent futurereoccupation of these areas
Develop and implement a Natural Hazards Contingency,
Preparedness and Quick-Response System for Manila Bay Region by2008
Habitat and Resources ProtectionHabitat and Resources Protection
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Habitat and Resources ProtectionHabitat and Resources Protection
Goal
Ensure protection, restoration andsustainable development of resources,
habitats, natural areas, historical, cultural,religious and archeological sites that areessential in achieving the ecological,
social, and economic well-being ofcommunities and stakeholders in theManila Bay Region.
Habi t a t and Resourc es Pro t ec t ionHabi t a t and Resourc es Pro t ec t ion
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Objectives
Set up sustainable institutional arrangements and managementprograms in all Protected Areas and critical Habitats in the Manila Bay
Region by 2012
Increase by 50 % the forest cover in the entire Manila Bay watershedare by 2015
Develop and implement restoration and maintenance program forimportant historical, cultural and geological sites within the Manila Bayregion by 2010
Increase the productivity of fishery resources within the Manila Bayregion by 2020
Achieve sustainable, ecologically sound aquaculture and maricultureproduction by 2015
Increase coverage of water supply distributions by 5o% in areas withunsustainable groundwater extraction by 2015
Ac t i vi t i es in suppor t t o t he im p lement a t ion of Ac t i v i t i es in suppor t t o t he im p lement a t ion of OPMBCSOPMBCS
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Development and implementation of the DENR World BankMTSP project to scale up investment in water pollutionreduction of Manila Bay.
Establishment of Marine Turtle Sanctuary through the supportof UNDP Small Grant Programmes (SGP) though the initiative ofPhilippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM) and theprovincial government of Bataan.
Rehabilitation of more than 65 hectares of mangroves andmangrove nursery through the ICM program of Bataan
Proclamation No. 1412 dated April 30, 2007 Establishing the
Las Pias-Paraaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Areaconsisting of 175 hectares
Establishment of 10 hectares of NIPA plantation project in
Barangay Dawe, Minalin, Pampanga
Establishment of a wildlife reserve to protect thei d id ild bi d i C d b S
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migratory and resident wild birds in Candaba Swamps, a
Ramsar candidate site.A memorandum of agreement was signed among keyagencies and sectors in the province of Bataan for the anti-
illegal fishing campaign.
Establishment a Text-a-crime program empowers thecommunity to participate in monitoring and prevention of
crimes particularly illegal fishing and other environmentalcrimes.
Implementation of supplemental livelihood and micro-financing programs in the province of Cavite and Bataan toprotect fishery resources and habitats at the same timeprovide alternative sources of income for the affected
fisherfolks.
8/9/2019 Tmdl s2 1 Manila Bay
48/48
Thank You!
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