Topic 7: Volcano, disasters and early warning in the Cordillera Central J.L. Ceballos

Topic 7:Volcano, disasters and early warning

in the Cordillera Central

J.L. Ceballos

Volcano, disasters & early warning

Nevado del Huila volcano

Worni, 2008

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Huila

• No previous historic activity• 2 phreatic eruptions in February 2007 and April 2007• Crevasse formation and expulsion of large amounts of water (107 m3)• Ash fall, subaerial melting of ice

QuickBird, Feb. ‘07

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Huila

• Failure of glacier tongue on El Oso glacier, possibly by melt water input and subsequent destabilization of the glacier base

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Huila

• Two massive lahars: April 2007 and November 2008: several 100 million m3 !!• Affected areas: along Río Páez (150 km !)

18 April 2007

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Huila

20 November 2008

Volcano, disasters & early warning

Risk

Vulnerability

Hazard

Risk R = f (H, V)

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz

Volcaón Cerro Machín

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Machín

Ingeominas

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Machín

Ingeominas

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Machín

Ingeominas

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Machín

Hazard map Machín volcano

IbaguéCajamarca

Cerro Machín

Ingeominas

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz

Nevado del Ruíz volcano

Huggel et al. 2007

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz

Views on Nevado del Ruíz volcano

Ramírez/Ceballos

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz

Active lahar channels

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz

Nevado del Ruíz volcano

R. Janda, USGS

The Armero 1985 disaster - ~23,000 people killed

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Ruíz

The Armero disaster - then

…and now

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Nevado del Tolima volcano / Combeima valley

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

The Combeima valley –a tropical, steep-terrain region

...with an ice-capped active volcano at the valley head

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Lahar (debris flow) scenarios for the Combeima valley in Colombia

Nevado del Tolima Volcano

M. Künzler, 2008

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Frequent landslide strike this valley...

June 2006 July 2009Cruz Roja

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Destroyed school – a hot topic

Very high discharge debris flows

Cruz Roja

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Hazard, vulnerability and risk study

M. Künzler, 2008

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Total vulnerability

M. Künzler, 2008

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Resulting risk for Ibagué

M. Künzler, 2008

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Risk for local communities

M. Künzler, 2008

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Livelihood conditions in landslide prone regions of Combeima

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Livelihood conditions in flood endangered areas of Ibagué

Volcano, disasters & early warning: Combeima

Military controls

Preparedness courses with communities

Volcano, disasters & early warning

Guiding questions for group work:

• Where are the hotspots of volcano hazards in Colombia and what are possible consequences of these hazards?

• Are these hazards changing with ongoing impacts from climate change?

• How is Colombia responding to these hazards? (Government institutions, NGO’s, communities)