Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome...

Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…

Compare The EtruscansTo the Roman Republic• Etruscans Rome

Etruscans

• The Etruscans took over the Latin's in 800 B.C. Not to be confused with Latin America. To be called Later Latins by the Europeans– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled

over the Latins

Italian Peninsula Powers

Very Early Similarities to Future Rome

• The Etruscans took over the Latin's in 800 B.C. Rome is still 300 years away!!!– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled

over the Latin's– The king kept a Latin advisory council

called the Senate

Etruscans Politics

– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latin's

– The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate

• The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians.

• The common people were known as Plebeians.

Etruscans

• The Etruscans Created the Senate • The Senate was made up of land

owners or Patricians.

Etruscan Art and Architecture

Etruscan Treasures see similarities to Rome?

Eventually…

The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown.

Rome forms its own government.

But first….

Roman Beginnings…

“Rome” started with the

Latin Tribe on the Italian Peninsula

in the Tiber River Valley around 2000 B.C.E.

Rome’s Creation Legend

What does a creation myth or legend reveal about the values of its citizens?

The Creation Legend

• Romulus and Remus were twin brothers. They were abandoned by their parents as babies and put into a basket that was then placed into the River Tiber. The basket ran aground and the twins were discovered by a female wolf. The wolf nursed the babies before they were found by a shepherd. The shepherd then brought up the twins.

• When the twins became adults, they decided to found a city where the wolf had found them. The brothers quarreled over where the site should be and Remus was killed by his brother. This left Romulus the sole founder of the new city and he gave his name to it – Rome. The date given for the founding of Rome is 753 BC.

The Roman Republic: 509 BCE

Republic: Citizens elect representatives to run the

government.

The Republic

• Established in 509 B.C.

• Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government.

The Republic

• Uses two different branches to run the government

The Roman Republic

Senate

The Roman Republic

Senate Consuls

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

Consuls

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

Consuls

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

-Proposed Laws

Consuls

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

-Proposed Laws

-Lifetime Terms

Consuls

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

-Proposed Laws

-Lifetime Terms

-Nominated Consuls

Consuls

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

-Proposed Laws

-Lifetime Terms

-Nominated Consuls

-Consuls appoint vacancies

Consuls

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

-Proposed Laws

-Lifetime Terms

-Nominated Consuls

ConsulsChief Executive

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

-Proposed Laws

-Lifetime Terms

-Nominated Consuls

Two Positions

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

-Proposed Laws

-Lifetime Terms

-Nominated Consuls

Two Positions

-One year terms (to limit their power)

The Roman Republic

Senate Law Makers

300 Members

-Proposed Laws

-Lifetime Terms

-Nominated Consuls

Two Positions

-One year terms (to limit their power)

-During war time one is chosen to act as dictator

But…

Only Patricians could be part of the government.

Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights

• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office

• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes

• 451B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens

• 287B.C. - Plebeian Assembly evolves into the Popular Assembly with near equal status to the Senate (think of house of Lords and CommonsSenate House of Representatives.

Rome Expands…

• North - Took over the Etruscans. They were Taught, mentored, loved and influenced more so than anyone… But they overthrew the Etruscans!!!!

Rome Expands…

• North - Took over the Etruscans

• South - Took over the Greeks

Rome Expands…

By 270B.C.E Rome ruled all of central and southern Italy

Punic Wars

• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome

Punic Wars

• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily

Punic Wars

• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily– Carthage controlled part

of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer

Punic Wars

– Fought by ships

Punic Wars

– Fought by ships – Rome won!

Hannibal

• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome

Hannibal

• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,

through Gaul and over the Alps

Hannibal

– Losing half of his men

Hannibal

• Rome attacks North Africa

Hannibal

• Rome attacks North Africa– Hannibal returns to Africa

to defend Carthage

Hannibal

• Rome attacks North Africa– Hannibal returns to Africa

to defend Carthage– He is defeated at Zama (50

miles from Carthage) in 202B.C.

Third Punic War

• 199B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally

• Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage

• Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land

North Africa = Roman Province

Rome before the wars…

Rome after the Punic Wars…

Roman Map

Roman Empire

Expanding across the Mediterranean brought many

changes to Rome…

Expansion under the Republic

• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia

and Greece

and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor

and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East

and Egypt

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

and Egypt

MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM

and Egypt

MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM

“OUR SEA”

End of the Republic

Senate became too powerful and the army was doing all the

work…

Enter: Julius Caesar

• Popular General

• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome

took over Gaul

• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate

took over Gaul

• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy)

took over Gaul

• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate

took over Gaul

• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)

took over Gaul

• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans

took over Gaul

• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans– Adjusted taxes

took over Gaul

• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans– Adjusted taxes (taxed rich more than the

Julius Caesar

• Became a dictator

Julius Caesar

• All powerful

Julius Caesar

• All powerful

• According to the Senate…

Julius Caesar

• All powerful

• According to the Senate…– He was too powerful!

Julius Caesar

• All powerful

• According to the Senate…– He was too powerful!

Senate assassinates/murders

Julius Caesar

Octavian & Mark Antony

• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators

• Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West

• Octavian = Western Empire and Rome

• Mark Antony = Eastern Empire and Egypt

Mark Antony & Cleopatra

• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne

• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian

• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)

• Octavian wins

• Octavian wins• Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit

suicide

Augustus Caesar

• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate

Augustus Caesar

• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate– Augustus “the majestic”

Augustus Caesar

• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate– Augustus “the majestic”

The Roman Empire is born!

Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

Augustus

• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)

• 200 years of peace

Augustus

• Concentrated on building the empire from within…

Augustus

• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes

Augustus

• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes– Public works

Augustus

• Lack of corruption

Augustus

• Lack of corruption• Encouraged large

Roman families

Roman Trade

Decline of the Roman Empire

180A.D.

End of Marcus Aurelius’ reign

A series of leader came after - did not lead well, were brutal

Hostile tribes outside of Rome begin to threaten trade routes

Raising of taxes

Inflation from overproduction of less valued coinage

Decreasing Population -harvests declined (less fertile land) -slave labor = no new technology -disease and starvation

Barbarians invading

Rome hire mercenaries to fight = lack of loyalty

Political office no longer an honor = costs to lead

Causes of the Decline of Rome

• Rome’s economy declines.

• Rome faces military upheaval.

• Roman politics decay.

• Bigger gap between the rich and poor.

Rome splits into East and West

Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…

• Economic

• Economic– Inflation

• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade

• Military

• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes

• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers

• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense

• Political

• Political– Division of the empire

• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor

• Social

• Social– Lack of confidence in the empire

• Social– Lack of confidence in the empire– Decline in interest of political affairs

Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome...

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