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Towards Self-Managing Home Networking Systems
Yi-Min WangCybersecurity and Systems Management
Microsoft Research, Redmond(Google “Strider Wang”)
The Aladdin Home Networking System
• Seven Windows PC connected by 10Mbps phoneline Ethernet– PC peripherals: USB cameras, IR controllers, etc.
• Sixty X10-based powerline devices– Controlled devices
• Lamps, fans, garage door openers, robo-dogs, beeper/chimer timers, etc.
– Converters• Wireless-to-powerline transceivers
– Transmitters • Wired and wireless controllers, phone-based controller,
PC-based controllers (CM11A powerline transceivers)• Sensors: motion sensors, water sensors, temperature
sensors, power outage sensors, garage door sensors, etc.
Aladdin: connect to your house at any time, from any place, on any device
My HomeBuddy
MonitoringDaemon
DCOM DeviceControlObjects
LookupServices
NaturalLanguage
Parser
Soft-State Store
Text-basedInterface
Eventing
MSN
Aladdin DeviceAdapter (ADA)SIMBA
MyAlertBuddy
IM &Email
Project Goals
• Home network as “part of my Internet”• Mid-size ubiquitous computing system
– Heterogeneous networks and devices– Mostly “low-cost”, off-the-shelf consumer devices– Limited mobility
• Deployed in a real house and used on a daily basis for three years
• Project goals:– Is this something that people can really live with? – What are the “killer apps”?– Study self-configuration & self-monitoring
requirements
Self-Configuration
• Aladdin Device Adapter (ADA)– Device named by: device type + physical location
(pre-mapped to X10 address)• e.g., lamp on “the living room side of the kitchen”, which
is mapped to X10 address “E4”
– ADA enables self-configuration & -reconfiguration with “dumb” devices
• Even smart devices need “field attributes”
• Soft-State Store– Volatile or persistent state that will expire if not
refreshed
One-step administration: X10 communication address to physical location mapping
D10
D16
E3
O16
P16
K3
F3
F16
G5
E4J14J16
E16
BonusRoom
MasterBedroom
KitchenLivingRoom
FamilyRoom
GarageCrawlSpace N3
X10Transmitter
AC currentsensor
Simple Logic
X10Receiver
Powerline
Aladdin Device Adapter
LampE4
• Announce– AC current sensor detects current thru device– Transmit device type and X10 address in
extended X10 code over powerline
• Revoke– Report device leaving (broken, switched off,
unplugged, etc.)
• Refresh– Periodically re-Announce: allow detecting ADA
leaving
Powerline
PC #1 PC #2
PhonelineEthernet
Attribute-Based
Lookup Service(ABLS)
AladdinDeviceAdapter
Device type + Communication address (= Physical location)
Name-Based
Lookup Service(NBLS)
Bridging protocol address
Object
Device Announcement Protocol
Multi-time-scale Soft-State Store
Soft-State Store (SSS)
Volatile StorePersistent Store
Name-BasedLookupService(NBLS)
Attribute-BasedLookupService(ABLS) Eventing
DaemonHeartbeats
ObjectHeartbeats
DeviceHeartbeats
Added;Changed;Deleted;
MetaChanged
SensorHeartbeat
s& States
Self-Monitoring
• Daily end-to-end self-test– Powerline database Ethernet
Internet IM/email service cell phone SMS service
• Powerline anomaly detection– Receivers embedded into the house
responding to unintended control signals
12:31AM, Sep. 24, 1999 - House under attack...00:31:42 - Address = M13 >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:35:07 - Func = C HailRequest(8)...00:35:13 - Func = F AllLightsOn(1)...00:35:59 - Func = M ExtendedDataTransfer(12) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:36:09 - Address = M13 >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:36:12 - Func = M Dim(4) Change in brightness level = 0x0e >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:38:00 - Func = E HailAcknowledge(9) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:38:50 - Func = I On(2)...00:40:26 - Func = N AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:45:14 - Func = E AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...01:24:31 - Func = K AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...01:25:28 - Func = I AllUnitsOff(0)...01:26:24 - Func = E AllLightsOff(6) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...01:44:52 - Func = J StatusRequest(15) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<<
01:44AM, Sep. 24 1999 - Attacker identified
A plugged-in CM11A interfaceWith a floating serial-port connector !Operator error + non-fail-stop failure
Powerline Monitoring
• Model-based fault detection system– Experimentally develop a finite state automaton
that models all legal sequences of X10 commands• X10 protocol is under-specified
– Deduce model state indirectly from the sequence of observed powerline commands
• Hidden state and unobservable illegal transitions
– Detect model violations via regular expressions on observable X10 command sequences
– Detector itself is self-stabilizing
Summary
• Truly ubiquitous computing means a lot of people using a lot of devices in their daily activities– Need low-cost, off-the-shelf consumer devices
• Low-cost consumer devices are less robust and less reliable– Systems management cost is too high
• Including security and safety concerns
• Two things are necessary to make it happen– Need a “universal killer app” to drive up the volume
and make low-cost, robust/reliable devices possible– As self-managing as possible
“Killer Apps” for My Family
• Parents receive an IM/email when kids get home safely and disable alarm
• Remotely check on the house while on vacation
• Receive an IM when water sensor detects water leakage
• Receive an IM upon power outage
For more information
• Google “Aladdin Wang”– News article
• “It was a fishy way for a scientist to start wiring houses onto Web,” Seattle-PI news article
• “There's No Place Like Home,” Microsoft Research News & Highlights
– Papers• “A Toolkit for Building Dependable and Extensible Home
Networking Applications,” Usenix Windows Systems Symposium
• “Towards Dependable Home Networking: An Experience Report,” IEEE DSN/FTCS
• “The SIMBA User Alert Service Architecture for Dependable Alert Delivery,” IEEE DSN
• “Model-based Fault Detection in Powerline Networking,” IPDPS
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