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Training Workshop on Small Hydropower Development in Africa
Co organizer: UNIDO Centre for South-South
Industrial Cooperation(China), COMESA and ICSHP 5-7 Oct 2018, Lusaka, Zambia
Unlocking Zambia's small-scale hydro potential to foster increase in rural electrification & sustainable rural
development
Sustainable. Energy. Environment. www.see.co.zm
Chisakula KAPUTU!C.E.E – Sustainable energy & environment ltd!
WHO WE ARE.!ν In existence since 2012���ν Incorporated in South Africa (MVplus SOLUTIONS LTD) & Zambia
(Sustainable Energy & Environment LTD)���ν Energy management consultancy���ν Environmental sustainability advisory���ν Energy Projects transaction advisory ���ν Deal origination/ business development���ν Energy projects developer���ν Projects financier���ν Energy services Company (ESCO) ���ν Technical training provider under our SEE KnowledgeHUB
(http://www.see.co.zm/#SEEKnowledgeHUB )���ν Technology procurement (e-store at https://www.see.co.zm/online-store/ )���ν M&V body ���ν EPCm������
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Our expertise.!ν Certified Energy Auditors & Managers���ν Certified Measurement & Verification Professionals���ν Energy Management Systems Implementation (EnMS ISO 50001) experts���ν Green building Experts���ν Energy Project Financing���ν Project planning & management���ν Energy Retrofit project implementers���ν Energy Policy & strategy formulators���ν Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Experts���ν Carbon reduction and reporting ( CDM, CDP)���ν Process & system optimizers���ν System integrators���ν Management Systems’ Integrators (ISO50001+ISO9001+ISO18001)���ν Energy Modeling���ν Technology Feasibilities (Financial& Technical)���ν Energy Policy & Green sourcing policy formulation���ν Resource efficiency & Cleaner production Assessors
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Presentation outline.!n STATUS QUO���n THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE���n THE UNIQUE AFRICAN SITUATION���n SUSTAINABILITY AGENDA���n ENERGY SECURITY���n BENEFITS OF INCREASED RURAL ELECTRIFICATION���n BARRIERS/ CHALLENGES TO RURAL ELECTRIFICATION���n RURAL ELECTRIFICATION DRIVERS/ ENABLERS���n SMALL HYDRO POWER���n COMPARATIVE COSTS���n ZAMBIAN OUTLOOK���n EXISTING HYDROPOWER PLANTS���n MASTERPLAN 2010���n RURAL ELECTRIFICATION MODELS/ LAYOUT���n SHP EXAMPLE���n EXAMPLE of BAT for SHP������ Sustainable. Energy. Environment. www.see.co.zm
Status quo.!ν Economic – Energy – Sociopolitical nexus ν Energy – Water – Food nexus ν Energy discourse ν Energy poverty ν Demand fast outstripping supply ν Energy security ν Sustainability agenda ν Population growth/ resources consumption increase ν Climate change concerns/ Environmental pollution ν Carbon footprint/ GHG emissions ν Untapped resources ν Electrification models ν Energy for all
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THE GLOBAL Perspective.!
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• Available, reliable and affordable electricity is a major global issue • 1.3 billion people are without electricity, and over 800 million people depend
on high cost, polluting fossil fuel generators for their power
• 71% of the planet is covered with slow-moving water in rivers, canals, and ocean currents
Source: https://waterotor.com/#the-solution
The unique african situation.!
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o Africa’s current energy mix: • Oil 23% • Coal 14% • Gas 14% • Bioenergy 48% • Other (Nuclear, Hydro, Renewable) 1%
Source: The African Energy Industry Report of 2018 - Market Intelligence report by ISPY PUBLISHING
o Hydropower currently sits in the dismal 1% of the resource contribution to
Africa’s energy mix o Africa holds about 12% of the world's hydropower potential, with a technically
feasible output of about 1800TWh/year
o Africa produces only about 3% of the global hydropower and exploits less than 10% of it's technical potential, the lowest proportion of any of the world's regions
o over 600million of Africans are in a dire energy poverty
• Climate change and energy are no longer purely of environmental concern but are becoming an important issue in economics and sustainable business
• Social and Economic Sustainability • Environmental and Energy Sustainability • Agenda 21, Kyoto, COP, MDGs, SDGs, etc.
SUSTAINABILITY AGENDA.!
ENERGY SECURITY
The IEA defines energy security as “the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price”.
Energy security.
Poverty reduction
Improved health
Job creation & economic inclusion
Increased productivity & competitiveness
BENEFITS OF INCREASED RURAL ELECTRIFICATION.
BARRIERS/challenges to Rural Electrification.!
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• Technology • Climate change • Finance • Policy • Institutional capacity • Dispersed population • Affordability • Ability to pay • Site Conditions (head and flow rate)
RE drivers/ ENABLERS.!
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• Release of financial resources for alternative investments • Reduced vulnerability to adverse response measures • Standards (Compulsory & Voluntary) • Best Available Technologies (BAT) • Innovative & sustainable Business models • Awareness-raising programmes • Policy measures • Financial instruments (subsidies,grants, low interest loans) • Improved energy security • Productivity improvements • Conversion to bankability of all existing pre-feasibility
studies previously done under ZESCO, REA, OPPPI • Granting of feasibility rights by Govt
SMALL HYDRO POWER (SHP).!
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NB: No international consensus on definition of “small hydro”; upper limit usually taken as 10 MW of installed capacity and anything in excess of this, is classified as large hydro.
SHP CAPACITY
MINI Between 100kW – 1MW
MICRO Between 5kW – 100kW
PICO Below 5kW
Comparative costs.!
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Predicted Costs for Off-grid Electricity for various Technological Options Source: World Bank Energy Unit
• The Zambezi is the largest river basin in Southern Africa, covering some 1.37 million square kilometers across eight countries serving over 40million people.
• Zambia has extensive surface water resources, with a number of large perennial rivers
• 20% of the country's surface area is covered by water ( over 20 rivers of significance)
• Zambia’s hydropower resource potential is estimated at 6000MW
• 22% national electrification level attained to-date (3% rural, 45% Urban)
• energy mix: approx.70% woodfuel, 14% Electricity, 12% petroleum and 2% coal
ZAMBIAN OUTLOOK.!
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Source: World Wildlife Fund HydroSHEDS; Digital Chart of the World drainage; and FAO Inland Water Bodies
Existing hydropower plants.!
Master plan 2010 (above 10MW).!
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Source:Power System Development Master Plan in Zambia (2010)
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION MODELS. Electrification method Rural growth
Centre No. of Households
Transmission & Distribution Line extension
972 94.5%
Solar Home Systems/ Solar Mini girds
241 4.6%
Mini-hydro Power development
4 0.9%
Source: Rural Electrification Master Plan (REMP)
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION LAYOUT.
SOURCE: JICA VILLAGE HYDRO CONCEPT
SHP examples in zambia.!
Sustainable. Energy. Environment. www.see.co.zm
Courtesy of North West Zambia Development Trust (www.nwzdt.org )
• Privately developed, vertically integrated mini utility company that supplies power to the Ikelenge District of North West Province
• Generates renewable power from a 750kW low impact, run-of-river mini hydro-electric scheme on the upper Zambezi River
• Transmits the power across an independent ‘island grid’/ offgrid,
• Directly supplies and bills c. 450 customers
• Constructed between 2004-2007
EXAMPLE of BAT for SHP.
waterotor https://vimeo.com/293220692
Contact us.!
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