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POLITICAL—government, laws, officials,
diplomacy.
SOCIAL—culture, society, religion, movements
ECONOMIC—money, making a living, wages, employments, raw materials, production of goods, selling of goods.
P.S.E.
The New World—why were Europeans
looking for it? The Difference between the Colonies of
the Chesapeake and the New England Colonies—the beginnings of sectionalism in the New World
Colonial Relationships with the Native Americans—strange bedfellows
Mercantilism—justifying colonialism and sparking independence
Themes of Chapter 2
1490’s—Europeans came to the America’s
(the New World) in search of a place they had already been…Asia.
They wanted to trade silk, spices, and gold with China, India, and Japan…They didn’t know North and South America were in the way.
Christopher Columbus in 1492 “discovers” the Island of Hispania (Haiti) and a national hero is born!!!!!
The New World
Chesapeake Colonies
(Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, Maryland)
New England Colonies
(Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island)
Come to the new world in search of their fortune—The Virginia Company
Come to the new world attempting to escape religious persecution—Puritans
In conflict with Indians from the beginning
At first had a good, helpful relationship with the Indians
Tobacco and other cash crops raised by wealthy King appointed land owners ruled the colonies
Religious leaders ruled the colonies
Mostly men came to the New World
Mostly families came to the New World
Needed slavery to maintain economy
Focused on fishing and trade to maintain economy
Climate suited for large scale “cash crop” farming
Climate suited for small scale farming
People lived harder, shorter lives
People grew wealthier and healthier
Chesapeake vs. New England
The Starving Time—1609-10, Indians killed the
livestock of Jamestown in retaliation of an earlier colonist raid and barricaded them inside the city where they were forced to eat “rats, cats, and dogs” until supplies arrived from England. In 1609 there were 500 residence in Jamestown. By 1610 there were only 60.
The Pequot War—1637, a near genocide of the Pequot Indians by Connecticut colonists who were in competition with the Indians over trade with Dutch and land.
Indian Relations
King Philip’s War—1675 Chief Wampanoag led a war
to exterminate the New England colonists who were encroaching on their land and were attempting to convert them to Christianity. Over 2,000 colonists were killed until the Chief was captured and killed.
Bacon’s Rebellion—A rebellion of pour white Virginia colonists and slaves who were pushed out into the wilderness by wealthy landowners and attacked by Indians. Bacon led a rebellion to get back land and force the Virginia governor to protect the wilderness colonists from Indians.
Indian Relations
A belief that the world’s wealth is very limited so one nation’s
gain is another nation’s loss.What would this lead a country to do?
The goal was to have more exports than imports and build a stockpile of gold and silver.
To achieve this goal the government heavily regulated the economy.
England adopts Mercantilism and uses the colonies to produce raw goods tax free and cheap so it does not have to buy those goods from other countries.
How do the colonists feel about this? NAVIGATION ACTS—British law that outlawed the sale of certain
Colonial goods to anyone but the BritishWhy would they do that?
Mercantilism
Colonial Life—stark differences between the North and
South, self-subsistence, household industry, agriculture the foundation of the economy.
Slavery and Indentured Servitude—incredible need for labor to maintain economy.
Economies of the North and South--origins, traditions, and natural resources decided economies.
The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment—a change in the way Colonists think.
Themes of Chapter 3
People in Europe who could not afford passage
to the New World INDEDTURED themselves (promised their labor) to wealthy people.
Most IS did not have the same rights as everyone else
Some were bought and sold like slaves A large portion of immigrants arrived in the
New World as servents
Indentured Servants
Slavery begins with Columbus
Slavery was “required” in the Southern Economy Cash crops like rice and tobacco required massive tracts of
land, huge crop yields to be profitable, and an extremely large labor force=cheap labor force (slaves)
1700—Virginia had 6,000 slaves—1/12 of the population
1760—Virginia had 170,000 slaves—1/2 of the population
Slavery
North South
Economy: N vs. S
Diverse Agriculture
Merchants
Close ties to Europe
Little to no slavery
Tobacco, Rice, Indigo and Cash Crops
Slave workforce
Boom and Bust Economy
Plantation System
Foreign Merchants
Industrial Raw Materials
Indentured Servants
Relied heavily on
English credit
Small Industry Grew
Participated in the Triangle Trade
1730-1740 Declining religious piety led colonial Churches
to try and reinvigorate Christianity and activity in the church.
Emphasized missionary spirit—converting Indians and Slaves
Emphasized the breaking away from the past Divided the church in the colonies
The Great Awakening
A philosophy that stresses that reason can be
used to improve the human condition…not just God.
Enlightened thinkers (like Thomas Jefferson) believed that people had “natural rights” they were born with. Remind you of anything?
Lead to a greater belief in science and medicine
Stressed education Believed that people were in control of their
own destiny.
The Enlightenment
Colonists becoming Americans—Colonists start to
have a national identity unaffiliated with Britain
France vs. Britain—fighting over North American resources and trade, The French and Indian War
Wounds of War—the aftermath of the French and Indian War, Britain wins the war but at a cost
Breaking Ties—Colonists begin the path towards self determination
Themes of Chapter 4
Colonists tired of British policy of SALUTORY NEGLECT
The King ignored the colonies and focused on gaining new territories and protecting the homeland,
Appointing officials in the colonies based on political connections rather than skills
Weakened British hold on political affairs in the colonies Lead to more self governing colonies
Growth of Colonial Assemblies—Colonists began government themselves and writing their own laws
ALBANY PLAN Proposed by Benjamin Franklin, it was the first attempt to
organize all the colonies into one “federation” Organized to help defend against the French and Indians First proposal for a “nation” of states/colonies Was never approved
Colonists becoming Americans
French and Indian War 1756-1763
Fought over control of North American Trade and resources
Fought between French/Iroquois vs. British/Colonists Much of the fighting was on the “frontier” Colonists were generally not in support of the war. WHY? British had to offer to pay colonial militias and reimburse
them to get them to fight. 24,000 did creating huge British debt.
Treaty of Paris ended the war and pushed the French north into what is now Canada, and gave Spain the territory of Louisiana.
France vs. Britain
French and Indian war is incredibly costly for
Britain They levy taxes on the colonists to pay for war
debtsIs this fair?
Americans are bitter over how they are treated by the British
British continue to place more and more taxes on the colonies to pay for the Empire
Dissent gains strength
Wounds of War
Public discourse and anger of British taxation without
representation fuels a growing movement towards independence Sugar, Currency, and Stamp Acts—the British try oppression to
quite the colonies Sons of Liberty 1765—group formed in Boston championing
independence The Boston Massacre 1770—public view of British as violent
bully’s killing their own people The First Continental Congress 1775—coming together of
colonial delegate, nothing happens. Common Sense by Thomas Paine 1776—popular pamphlet that
lays the foundation for independence The Second Continental Congress 1776—The Declaration of
Independence
Breaking Ties
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