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1 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Trends in Networks Research
FUTURA
W orkshop on Future W ireless Communication System
17.10.2003
Ilkka Keskitalo
Nokia Networks
2 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Contents
•W hat is 4G?
• Evolution of 3G Networks
• Role of Complementary Access Technologies
• Ad Hoc Networking
3 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
4G Trends and Drivers
• M any definitions for the term 4G exists; Nokia’s view:• 3G evolution is based on the combination of existing technologies like cellular as main interface and W ireless LAN for hot-spot usage
• 4G (a.k.a. ”Systems Beyond 3G” or ”Systems beyond IM T-2000”) is a research topic for new air interfaces and systems to be considered after 2010
• Radio performance and higher throughput/lower delays identified as major drivers for 4G• Streaming and fast download (instant gratification) of medium size entertainment material (good resolution video clips, 3D)• System needs to serve at least up to 2020 and user interfaces will develop radically
• Large size down-loads (e.g. mail-box synch.)
• Transport and last hop transmission for very high throughput arealso issues but need to be developed for 3G evolution already
4 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
4G Radio Research Positioning
• 3G will go towards 10/100 M bps (wide/local area) (with W LAN providing the 100 M b/s hot spot capability) – 4G should be clearly better• Up to 100 M bps/1 Gbps carrier bit rates in wide/local area
deployments• Bandwidth up to 100 M Hz
• Clear cellular capacity improvements over 3G (best effort packet)• M ulticellularefficiency of e.g. W CDM A+HSDPA up to
0.5-1.0 bits/s/Hz
• Adaptability to different radio environments• Parameterized solution yielding optimal or close to optimal
performance in different radio conditions (wide area, local area)
• Efficient support of services with wide variety of QoS requirements (RT, non-RT, etc.)
5 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Driversfor changein mobile networks
• Easyintroductionand management of servicesand applications• Openinterfacesand platforms, developmenttools, serviceand subscription
control, management improvements…
• Requirementsof new serviceson networks• Higherbandwidth,
controlto data mix, peerto peer…
• Betteruserexperience• Bandwidth, delay…
• Lowercostof service• Scalability, capacity,
QoSmanagement…
• M ultiple access technologies in use• GSM , EDGE, W CDM A, W LAN,
xDSL…IPv4 IPv6
W CDM A Blue toothEDGE W LANSS7
CONNECTION INFRASTRUCTURE
IRDA
EPOCJAVA
M I D D L E W A R E
M obile M essagingVideo-Codec Browser Phonebook
A P P L I C A T I O N S
M usic News CNNImages Video Games
C O N T E N TFastestFastest
SlowestSlowest
Speed ofChange
Speed ofChange
6 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
=> Architecture evolution for lowering production cost per bit
Network Load vs. Revenue
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
M onthly M B per user PS/CS Traffic division
PS
CS400
800
1200
1600
2000
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Background
Interactive
StreamingVideo callsRich Call
IP VoiceCS Voice
Bits
/s B
H /
user
Traffic will grow significantly and traffic mix will be totally different
But revenue will grow much less
7 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
6
2
Voice call
SM S
TodayVoice call
?
?
SM S ? ?
?
?
W eb Browsing
W AP services Real-time
Video
AudioStreaming
Future
User plane traffic
Control plane traffic
2 Average use per user per day
•The future services mix is rather unpredictable and likely to change rapidly
•Signaling and user traffic loads vary a lot by services
New Service M ix Require High Scalability
8 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
GSM /EDGE
W CDM A
A / Iu-CS
Gb
Iu-PSCore
networkRadio
NetworkController
RadioNetworkController
Base StationController
Base StationController
GSM /EDGE BTS
W CDM A BTS
RAN
• Strict one-to-many hierarchy between base stations and controllers• Separated subsystems for all radio access technologies• Architecture supports equally all packet traffic types
Standardair interface
Standardinterfaces to core NW
RAN Architecture Today
9 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Nokia Radio Network Gateway
Nokia Circuit-Switched Gateway
Iu-PS
Iu-CS
Gb
M ultimodeAll-IP Base Station
Nokia UltraSite and M etroSiteEDGE / W CDM A Base Stations
IP / ATM / M PLS transport
Standardair interface
Standardinterfaces to core NW
IP Radio Controlling(RNAS, OM S, CRRM , ITRM )
Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity
Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity
User Plane: Optimised for IP transport,scales with bandwidth usage
User Plane: Optimised for IP transport,scales with bandwidth usage
Distributed RAN Architecture
10 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Nokia Radio Network Gateway
Nokia Circuit-Switched Gateway
Iu-PS
Iu-CS
Gb
M ultimodeAll-IP Base Station
Nokia UltraSite and M etroSiteEDGE / W CDM A Base Stations
IP / ATM / M PLS transport
Standardair interface
Standardinterfaces to core NW
IP Radio Controlling(RNAS, OM S, CRRM , ITRM )
Pooled GW andcontrollerresources
Pooled GW andcontrollerresources
Functionality shiftedTo Base Station
Functionality shiftedTo Base Station
Single network& elements
for multiradio
Single network& elements
for multiradio
Distributed RAN Architecture
11 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Core NW Architecture Today
A / Iu-CS
Gb
Iu-PSRAN
CS Core
• Strict one-to-many hierarchy between M SC/SGSN and RAN• Any-to-Any hierarchy within core network• User and Control plane handled in same network elements
StandardInterfaces to RAN
M SCM SC GM SCGM SC
M SCM SC GM SCGM SC
PS Core
SGSNSGSN GGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSN GGSNGGSN
PSTN
IPNetwork
StandardInterfaces External Networks
HLRHLR
12 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
CS Core: User/Control Plane Separation
IP / ATM / M PLS transport
Standardinterfaces to RAN
Call ControlM obility
M anagement, etc.
M SC Server
M edia GW
GM SC Server
M edia GW
PSTN
StandardInterfaces External Networks
A / Iu-CS
Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity,
pooled control plane capacity
Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity,
pooled control plane capacity
User Plane: IP Transport for CS traffic,
scales with usage
User Plane: IP Transport for CS traffic,
scales with usage
13 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
PS Core: Packet Delivery Optimization
IP / ATM / M PLS transport
Standardinterfaces to RAN
Session M anagementM obility M anagement,
etc.
SGSN Server
M edia GW GGSN
PSTN
StandardInterfaces External Networks
Gb / Iu-PS User Plane: Independent user plane scaling
User Plane: Independent user plane scaling
Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity,
pooled control plane capacity
Control Plane:Scales with transactionintensity,
pooled control plane capacity
14 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Contents
•W hat is 4G?
• Evolution of 3G Networks
Role of Complementary Access Technologies
• Ad Hoc Networking
15 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
M ultiaccess, Key Issues
IP convergence domain
Intranet
Internet
M obileNetwork
Corporation's Service Provider
Application servers
APP
Branded Service Provider
Application servers
APP
Network Operator's Service Provider
Application servers
APP Proximity
Mobile term
inals
Access
(Fixed) terminals
Access
Access
Consumer and
Corporate
M obile Use
Home
Office
IM Saccess
Complementaryaccess methods
Servicecontinuity
Accessother services
M ultimode terminal maintains session while switching between
accessess
M ore usage for operator services
M ore traffic for mobile network
M ost convenient access method used. with single
subscriptionOperator infra and service synergies
16 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
3GPPSystem
Complementary Access M ethodsArchitecture Overview
W LANAZ
UE
CSdomain
W CDM A/EDGE IP-RAN
PSTNExternal IP Networks
IM S
PSdomain
HSSM O
managedIP NW
EDGE/ W CDM A
2. Access toIM S Services
-M essaging-Streaming-Presence-Later RT, VoIP-for laptop/PDA type of terminal
W LAN
IP-BTS
Intranet
LocalAAAaccessctrl
4. Seamless 3G Services-seamless switrhto/from cellular-VoIP/Voice, rich call foroffices & homes
-for PDA/cellular dual mode terminals
W LANGW
VPN GW
1. Internet Access;Operator W LAN
-Internet browsing-Intranet access via VPN-Possibility for 3GPP systembased authentication & charging
-for laptop type of terminal
W LANAuthenticatio
Server
3. M obile IPv6Service Continuity
-Home Agent on top of W LAN & 3GPP systems-For laptop/PDA/cellular dual mode terminals
M IPv6 HA
17 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Contents
•W hat is 4G?
• Evolution of 3G Networks
• Role of Complementary Access Technologies
Ad Hoc Networking
18 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Ad HocNetworking
• M ultihopmesh networks (wide area)• Static or semi-static mesh networks are close to commercialization• M obile networking still very challenging• In long term ad hoc networking technology has potential also forrelatively wide area coverage
• Proximity networking (local environment)• Seems promising from end user acceptance viewpoint• Already happening, e.g. Bluetooth
19 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
W here are the M eshes and Ad Hocs?
PSTN
Internet
Service Integration & Content Delivery
M obile Networks
Broadband Networks
Service Infrastructure
M ultimode BTS(GSM /EDGE/W CDM A)
Broadband W ireless Access
IP Backbone
M obility, Connection &ControlServers
LocalServices
LocalAccess Points(W LAN, Cellular)
LocalServices
Proximity
In backbone and core networks mesh topology is already dominant, however statically
configured.
In access networks, tree topology dominates, no physical mesh connectivity. Utilizing mesh networks for complementary access is being studied.
In access networks, tree topology dominates, no physical mesh
connectivity. Fixed W ireless (Ad Hoc) M esh networks emerging candidates for broadband access.
In emerging proximity domain ad hoc connections will be common place and multihop connections
enable mesh topology.
20 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Ad hoc networks foraand standardization
IEEE 802.11 W LAN:Ad hoc mode for W LAN
IEEE 802.11 W LAN:Ad hoc mode for W LAN
IEEE802.16aW M AN:
mesh topology option
IEEE802.16aW M AN:
mesh topology option ETSI: BRAN/HiperM AN
mesh topology option
ETSI: BRAN/HiperM ANmesh topology option
IETF: M ANET:Routing, AirOS/AODV
IETF: M ANET:Routing, AirOS/AODV
BT SIG:PAN profile
BT SIG:PAN profile
W W RF and W W I:Native Ad hoc
networks
W W RF and W W I:Native Ad hoc
networks
?
21 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Ad hoc networking: Key research challenges
• Technology• Link layer (functionality, functional split with L1 to L3)• Power management• Routing & mobility• Security• QoS• Radio interface• Service discovery
• Service model• Service architecture• Service discovery and availability
22 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
Summary• Different layers of the network have different innovation cycles
• Development of radio interfaces, network solutions, and service machineries should not be artificially tied together
• 3G Networks will evolve gradually to• Optimize service delivery• Integrate different access technologies
• Graceful evolution of the 3G systems can provide viable path to 4G networks; i.e., 4G radio interface could be plugged-in to the evolved 3G network• Hot spot access technologies (e.g., 802.11) can be integrated into the 3G
networks (with loosely or more tightly coupled service provision)• Solutions to further improve the performance and flexibility of the 3G
architecture are already investigated in relevant standardization bodies
• Ad hoc networking will be important but significant research challenges remain especially for public mobile case
New networks and applications do not have to wait for 4G radio !
On the other hand, 4G radio does not necessary need a new network !
New networks and applications do not have to wait for 4G radio !
On the other hand, 4G radio does not necessary need a new network !
23 ©NOKIA Futura_Trends NW Res_xx .PPT/ 17.10.2003 /Futura W orkshop
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