Types of Phrases Prepositional Phrases Verbal Phrases Appositive Phrases

Types of PhrasesTypes of Phrases

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

Verbal PhrasesVerbal Phrases

Appositive PhrasesAppositive Phrases

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

Preposition: a word that shows a Preposition: a word that shows a relationship between a noun or a relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other word in the pronoun and some other word in the sentence.sentence.

From, by, of, under, in, off, about From, by, of, under, in, off, about

At, to, on, with, upon, over, beforeAt, to, on, with, upon, over, before

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

FormForm: Begins with a preposition, ends : Begins with a preposition, ends with a noun or pronounwith a noun or pronoun

Example: at the storeExample: at the store

FunctionFunction: Adjective or Adverb: Adjective or Adverb

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

As AdjectivesAs Adjectives::

Underline the prepositional phrases Underline the prepositional phrases and circle the noun or pronoun they and circle the noun or pronoun they modify:modify:

1.1. She is a friend of my brother.She is a friend of my brother.

2.2. The book for Mike is new.The book for Mike is new.

3.3. The lamp in the hall is broken.The lamp in the hall is broken.

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

As AdverbsAs Adverbs::

Underline the prepositional phrases Underline the prepositional phrases and circle the verb, adjective, or and circle the verb, adjective, or adverb they modify.adverb they modify.

1.1. My sister works at noon.My sister works at noon.

2.2. We strolled down the hill.We strolled down the hill.

3.3. He fished in the Great Lakes.He fished in the Great Lakes.

Verbal PhrasesVerbal Phrases

VerbalVerbal

A verbal is a word we normally think A verbal is a word we normally think of as a verb that is not acting as a of as a verb that is not acting as a verb in the sentence.verb in the sentence.

WalkingWalking is fun. is fun.

In the above sentence, “walking” is In the above sentence, “walking” is acting as a noun instead of a verb.acting as a noun instead of a verb.

Verbal PhraseVerbal Phrase

A phrase containing a verbalA phrase containing a verbal

Example:Example:

WalkingWalking to the store to the store is fun. is fun.

““WalkingWalking to the store” is a verbal to the store” is a verbal phrase.phrase.

Verbal PhrasesVerbal Phrases

Participial PhrasesParticipial Phrases

Gerund PhrasesGerund Phrases

Infinitive PhrasesInfinitive Phrases

Participial PhrasesParticipial Phrases

FormForm: Contains a verbal (a word we : Contains a verbal (a word we normally think of as a verb) ending in normally think of as a verb) ending in “ed” or “ing”“ed” or “ing”

FunctionFunction: Adjective: Adjective

Participial PhrasesParticipial Phrases

Examples:Examples:

Ducking Ducking into the bus shelterinto the bus shelter, , Angela Angela avoided the rain.avoided the rain.

The power lines, The power lines, damageddamaged by the by the rainrain, were repaired., were repaired.

Participial PhrasesParticipial Phrases

Underline the participial phrases Underline the participial phrases and circle the noun or pronoun they and circle the noun or pronoun they modify.modify.

1.1. This bowl, carved in the hills of This bowl, carved in the hills of Tennessee, is unique.Tennessee, is unique.

2.2. The waves, tossed by the wind, rose The waves, tossed by the wind, rose to nine feet.to nine feet.

3.3. Given the facts, we had to act.Given the facts, we had to act.

Gerund PhrasesGerund Phrases

Form: Form: Contains a verbal ( a word we Contains a verbal ( a word we usually think of as a verb) ending in usually think of as a verb) ending in “ing”“ing”

Function: Function: NounNoun

Gerund PhrasesGerund Phrases

Examples:Examples:

SkiddingSkidding on wet pavement on wet pavement causes causes accidents.accidents.

The teacher enjoys The teacher enjoys praisingpraising her her pupilspupils..

Gerund PhrasesGerund Phrases

Underline the gerund phrases and Underline the gerund phrases and try to determine what noun role the try to determine what noun role the phrase is playing in the sentence.phrase is playing in the sentence.

1.1. I don’t mind shoveling snow.I don’t mind shoveling snow.

2.2. Would selling your car be wise?Would selling your car be wise?

3.3. Our reason for informing you now is Our reason for informing you now is to prepare you.to prepare you.

Infinitive PhrasesInfinitive Phrases

Form: Form: Contains the word “to” Contains the word “to” followed by the base form of a verbfollowed by the base form of a verb

Function: Function: Noun, Adjective, or Noun, Adjective, or AdverbAdverb

Infinitive PhrasesInfinitive Phrases

Examples:Examples:

I learned I learned to playto play chess blindfolded chess blindfolded..

To learnTo learn Shakespeare’s plays Shakespeare’s plays seems seems difficult to many students.difficult to many students.

Infinitive PhrasesInfinitive Phrases

Underline the infinitive phrases and Underline the infinitive phrases and try to determine what part of try to determine what part of speech each phrase is.speech each phrase is.

1.1. They want to understand the play.They want to understand the play.2.2. To see a play performed can be a To see a play performed can be a

great pleasure.great pleasure.3.3. Modern readers are curious to know Modern readers are curious to know

about him.about him.

Appositive PhrasesAppositive Phrases

Form: Form: Contains a noun or pronoun Contains a noun or pronoun and is usually enclosed with commasand is usually enclosed with commas

Function: Function: AdjectiveAdjective

Appositive PhrasesAppositive Phrases

Examples:Examples:

The car, The car, a green sedana green sedan, passed us on , passed us on the hill.the hill.

The family car, The family car, an old heapan old heap, still runs , still runs well.well.

Appositive PhrasesAppositive Phrases

Underline the appositive phrases and Underline the appositive phrases and circle the noun or pronoun they modify.circle the noun or pronoun they modify.

1.1. This ring, a family heirloom, is very This ring, a family heirloom, is very valuable.valuable.

2.2. Lake Ontario, one of the Great Lakes, Lake Ontario, one of the Great Lakes, stocks coho salmon.stocks coho salmon.

3.3. The hottest months--June, July, and The hottest months--June, July, and August--have been cooler recently.August--have been cooler recently.