Typhoon

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

LIGHTNINGLIGHTNING

HEAVY RAINHEAVY RAIN

TORNADOTORNADO

HAIL HAIL (CHUNKS OF ICE)(CHUNKS OF ICE)

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

LIGHTNINGLIGHTNING

More about More about thunderstormsthunderstorms

A lightning bolt can heat the air it passes through to temperatures as high as 26,000 degrees Celsius.

It is the quick and intense heating of the air that generates shockwaves, which propagate rapidly away from the lightning bolt. These shockwaves become soundwaves as they travel through the air. This is how thunder is produced.

When a streak of lightning flashes across the sky, a crack of thunder is often heard several seconds later. Thunder happens because lightning heats the air to more than 43,000 degrees, causing the air to expand. As this air cools, it begins to contract. This quick expansion and contraction of air around the lightning starts air molecules moving back and forth, making sound waves, which we hear as thunder.

The creation of thunder

LIGHTNING FACTS:LIGHTNING FACTS: There are thousands of lightning strikes every day. There are thousands of lightning strikes every day.

Scientists think that lightning hits somewhere on the Scientists think that lightning hits somewhere on the earth about 100 times every secondearth about 100 times every second

More people are killed by lightning than by any other More people are killed by lightning than by any other kind of storm, including hurricanes and tornadoes.kind of storm, including hurricanes and tornadoes.

Every year, about 100 people are killed by lightning in Every year, about 100 people are killed by lightning in the United States and also about 100 people in Europe.the United States and also about 100 people in Europe.

In the whole world, lightning kills more than 1,000 In the whole world, lightning kills more than 1,000 people in a year, maybe many more. people in a year, maybe many more.

A lot more people are hurt by lightning than are killed A lot more people are hurt by lightning than are killed by it and many of those who live are hurt very badly. by it and many of those who live are hurt very badly.

LIGHTNING SAFETY RULES (OUTDOORS)

BE ALERT OF THE SIGNS OF THE IMPENDING STORM

GET AWAY FROM TREES OR TALL OBJECTS. STAY AWAY FROM HILLTOPS, BENCHES AND OPEN FIELDS AND SEEK SHELTER IN A LOW LYING AREA SUCH AS A DITCH OR RAVINE.

IF YOU ARE WITH OTHER PEOPLE, SPREAD OUT.

STAY AWAY FROM WATER OR WET AREAS.

Lightning safety experts have invented a "lightning safety position" that is very important to know if you are caught in a thunder storm and you can't find a shelter. This position looks hard, but it could save your life. There are several reasons for doing it.

It makes you a smaller target.It makes you a smaller target.With your heels together, if lightning hits the With your heels together, if lightning hits the ground, it goes through the closest foot, up to ground, it goes through the closest foot, up to your heel and then transfers to the other foot your heel and then transfers to the other foot and goes back to the ground again. If you don't and goes back to the ground again. If you don't put your feet together, lightning could go put your feet together, lightning could go through your heart and kill you.through your heart and kill you.You put your hands over your ears to protect You put your hands over your ears to protect them from thunder. them from thunder.

WHAT TO DO IF THERE IS NO SHELTER AND YOU ARE CAUGHT IN A THUNDERSTORM?

LIGHTNING SAFETY RULES (INDOORS)

STAY AWAY FROM ELECTRICAL SOCKETS, APPLIANCES, TELEVISION AND TELEPHONES;

SHUT-OFF THE MAIN POWER SWITCH.

STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS, WATER FAUCETS, PIPES AND ELECTRICAL OUTLETS.

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS: HEAVY RAINS

MAY ALSO CAUSE LANDSLIDES IN MOUNTAIN AREAS

HEAVY RAINS (30 MIN TO 0NE HOUR) DURING THUNDERSTORMS) MAY CAUSE FLASH FLOODS OR FLOODING IN LOW LYING AREAS

Hail: Chunks of ice from the Hail: Chunks of ice from the skysky

Rising air breeds summer ice INSIDE THE THUNDERSTORM CLOUD

Path of hailstone

Strong air currents

Ice crystal collides with droplet, which freezes around it

Hailstone is carried around the cloud and coated with more ice

Heavy hailstone falls

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THUNDERSTORMS:

HAIL (CHUNKS OF ICE FROM THE SKY)

COLD FRONTCOLD FRONT

Occurs when a region of moving cold Occurs when a region of moving cold air mass overtakes a region of moving air mass overtakes a region of moving warm air masswarm air massCharacterized largely by an increased Characterized largely by an increased cloudiness and heavy rainscloudiness and heavy rainsAffects the Philippines from November Affects the Philippines from November to Februaryto FebruaryEastern parts of the country receives Eastern parts of the country receives most of the associated rainfallmost of the associated rainfall

COLD AIR SINKS

WARM AIR RISESCold Air Cold Air

MassMass

ALONG THE FRONT, CLOUDS DEVELOP BRINGING RAIN

CC

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LL

DD

FF

RR

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A SCHEMATIC PRESENTATION OF HOW A COLD FRONTCOLD FRONT DEVELOPS AND ITS ASSOCIATED WEATHER

ANIMATED SATELLITE PICTURES OF A COLD FRONT (TAIL-END AFFECTING EXTREME NORTHERN LUZON) AND ITCZ AFFECTING SOUTHERN LUZON, VISAYAS AND MINDANAO

LL

LL

ITCZ

COLD FRONT

ITCZ

ITCZ

ITCZ

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SS

SOUTHWEST MONSOON (HABAGAT)

SOUTHWEST MONSOONSOUTHWEST MONSOON

Locally known as “HABAGAT”; affects Locally known as “HABAGAT”; affects the country from July to Septemberthe country from July to September

Very warm and humidVery warm and humid

Occurs when warm moist air flows over Occurs when warm moist air flows over the country from the southwest direction.the country from the southwest direction.

Characterized by heavy rainfall that may Characterized by heavy rainfall that may last for a week.last for a week.

Brings rainy season to the western Brings rainy season to the western portion of the country.portion of the country.

NORTHEASTMONSOON(AMIHAN)

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EEWW

SS

Cold air from Siberia

NORTHEAST MONSOONNORTHEAST MONSOONLocally known as “Amihan”, affects the Locally known as “Amihan”, affects the eastern portions of the country from October eastern portions of the country from October up to late Marchup to late MarchStarts over Siberia as a cold, dry air mass Starts over Siberia as a cold, dry air mass but gathers moisture as it travels across the but gathers moisture as it travels across the Pacific Ocean before reaching the Eastern Pacific Ocean before reaching the Eastern Sections of the PhilippinesSections of the PhilippinesOccurs when the cold and intense Asiatic Occurs when the cold and intense Asiatic winter Anti-cyclone sends northeasterly winter Anti-cyclone sends northeasterly winds across the Philippineswinds across the PhilippinesCharacterized by widespread cloudiness Characterized by widespread cloudiness with rains and showerswith rains and showers

HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)

Showers to heavy rains which may cause flashfloods or floodingsSevere thunderstormsBreeding ground of tropical cyclones

Intense Low Pressure Systems Winds rotate in a counter-

clockwise direction Originates from tropical oceans Generally moves westward then

polewards

TROPICAL CYCLONESTROPICAL CYCLONES

CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINESCYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINES

TROPICAL DEPRESSIONTROPICAL DEPRESSION Maximum winds near the center of between 35 and 64 KPH

TROPICAL STORMTROPICAL STORM Maximum winds near the center of between 64 KPH and 118 KPH

TYPHOON TYPHOON Maximum winds exceed 118 KPH

((Super Typhoon- was conceived by JTWC with max winds of greater than 200 kph near the center)

FREQUENCY OF PASSAGE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES BY GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES IN THE PHILIPPINES

5 cyclones in 2 yrs2 cyclones

per year

5 cyclones in 3 yrs

3 cyclones in 2 yrs

1 cyclone per year

1 cyclone in 12 yrs

WHAT GOES ON INSIDE A TYPHOON?

THE “EYE” OF A TYPHOON

DIFFERENT VIEWS OF A TYPHOON

Direction of hurricane movement

Eye wall

Warm, moist air spirals upward

Rainbands

Air sinks in the eye

Icy cirrus clouds are thrown outward by the spin

Warm sea

Strong winds

The satellite image of Hurricane Allen (1980) clearly shows the eye of the hurricane

Wet air rises and condenses to produce rain

Clouds spin in layers around the eye

Ships caught in severe hurricanes rarely survive the combined battering of wind, waves, rain and hail

CROSS SECTION OF A TYPHOON

THE “EYE”

114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 1374

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5115

5135

135

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THE PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY [PAR]

ONCE A TROPICAL CYCLONE IS INSIDE THE

PARPAR, IT IS GIVEN A PHILIPPINE NAME

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•AURING•BAROK•CRISING•DARNA•EMONG•FERIA•GORIO•HUANING•ISANG•JOLINA•KIKO•LABUYO•MARING•NANANG•ONDOY•PABLING•QUEDAN•ROLETA•SIBAK•TALAHIB•UBBENG•VINTA•WILMA•YANING•ZUMA

AGATONAGATONBASYANGBASYANGCALOYCALOYDAGULDAGULESPADAESPADAFLORITAFLORITAGLORIAGLORIAHAMBALOSHAMBALOSINDAYINDAYJUANJUANKAKAKAKALAGALAGLAGALAGMILENYOMILENYONENENGNENENGOMPONGOMPONGPAENGPAENGQUADROQUADRORAPIDORAPIDOSIBASIBSIBASIBTAGBANWATAGBANWAUSMANUSMANVENUSVENUSWISIKWISIKYAYANGYAYANGZENYZENY

AMANGAMANGBATIBOTBATIBOTCHEDENGCHEDENGDODONGDODONGEGAYEGAYFALCONFALCONGILASGILASHARUROTHARUROTINENGINENGJUANINGJUANINGKABAYANKABAYANLAKAYLAKAYMANANGMANANGNINIÑAÑAONYOKONYOKPOGIPOGIQUIELQUIELROSKASROSKASSIKATSIKATTISOYTISOYURSULAURSULAVIRINGVIRINGWANG-WANGWANG-WANGYOYOYYOYOYZIGZAGZIGZAG

AMBOAMBOBIDAYBIDAYCOSMECOSMEDUGONGDUGONGENTENGENTENGFLORFLORGILINGGILINGHATAWHATAWINGGOINGGOJULIANJULIANKENKOYKENKOYLAWINLAWINMANOYMANOYNONOYNONOYOSANGOSANGPANDOYPANDOYQUINTAQUINTARIGODONRIGODONSIGLASIGLATOTOYTOTOYUSAUSAVIAJEROVIAJEROWASIWASWASIWASYOYONGYOYONGZOSIMOZOSIMO

NAMING OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE PHILIPPINES

OLD NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONESOLD NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

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AKANGAKANGBISINGBISINGKLARINGKLARINGDELINGDELINGEMANGEMANGGADINGGADINGHELINGHELINGILIANGILIANGLOLENGLOLENGMIDINGMIDINGNORMINGNORMINGOYANGOYANGPASINGPASINGRITANGRITANGSUSANGSUSANGTERINGTERINGUDINGUDINGWELINGWELINGYANINGYANING

AURINGAURINGBEBENGBEBENGKARINGKARINGDIDINGDIDINGETANGETANGGENINGGENINGHELMINGHELMINGISINGISINGLUDINGLUDINGMAMENGMAMENGNENENGNENENGONIANGONIANGPEPANGPEPANGRENINGRENINGSENDANGSENDANGTRININGTRININGULDINGULDINGWARLINGWARLINGYAYANGYAYANG

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AUXILLIARY LISTAUXILLIARY LISTANDINGANDING ANINGANING ADINGADING APIANGAPIANGBINANGBINANG BIDANGBIDANG BARANGBARANG BASIANGBASIANGKADIANGKADIANG KATRINGKATRING KRISINGKRISING KAYANGKAYANGDINANGDINANG DELANGDELANG DADANGDADANG DORANGDORANGEPANGEPANG ESANGESANG ERLINGERLING ENANGENANGGUNDANGGUNDANG GARDINGGARDING GOYINGGOYING GRASINGGRASING

II IIII IIIIII IVIV19971997 19981998 19991999 2000200020012001 20022002 20032003 2004200420052005 20062006 20072007 20082008

YEAR NAME AREAS DAMAGESAFFECTED ( Billions )

•1990 T. RUPING Central Visayas 10.85•1995 T. ROSING Southern Luzon 9.30•1993 T. KADIANG Central Luzon 8.75•1988 T. UNSANG Southern Luzon 5.64•1984 T. NITANG Northeastern Mindanao/ Visayas 3.91•1991 T. TRINING Northern Luzon 3.47•1995 T. MAMENG Visayas 2.80•1988 T. YONING Visayas 2.75•1993 T. MONANG Southern Luzon 2.34•1985 T. SALING Central Luzon 2.18•1992 T. MARING Northern Luzon 2.16•1987 T. HERMING Northern Visayas 2.06•1984 T. UNDANG Eastern Visayas 1.54•1990 T. ILIANG Luzon 1.50•1994 T. KATRING Luzon 1.43•1989 T. SALING Southern Luzon 1.39•1989 T. GORING Northern Luzon 1.36•1992 T. GLORING Eastern Luzon 1.35•1980 T. ARING Central Luzon 1.34•1993 T. PURING Southern Visayas 1.33•1995 T. PEPANG Visayas 1.20•1987 T. SISANG Southern Luzon 1.12

DISASTROUS TYPHOONS IN TERMS OF DISASTROUS TYPHOONS IN TERMS OF DAMAGES (MORE THAN ONE BILLION PESOS) DAMAGES (MORE THAN ONE BILLION PESOS)

DISASTROUS TYPHOONS IN TERMS OF DEATHSDISASTROUS TYPHOONS IN TERMS OF DEATHS

YEAR NAME AREAS DEATHS AFFECTED

•1991 T. URING Eastern Visayas 5,101 (REMEMBER?)•1995 T. ROSING Southern Luzon 936•1984 T. NITANG Southern Visayas/ 900

Northern Mindanao•1984 T. UNDANG Visayas 895•1987 T. SISANG Southern Luzon 808•1990 T. RUPING Cntral Visayas 508•1993 T. MONANG Southerm Luzon 272•1995 T. PEPANG Visayas 265•1988 T. YONING Visayas 217•1981 T. DINANG Southern Luzon 188•1988 T. UNSANG Southern Luzon 157•1993 T. PURING Southern Visayas 157•1993 T. KADIANG Central Luzon 126•1995 T. MAMENG Visayas 116•1982 T. BISING Visayas 112•1986 T. GADING Northern Luzon 106•1980 T. ARING Central Luzon 103•1982 T. WELING Northern Luzon 96•1989 T. GORING Northern Luzon 90•1989 T. SALING Southern Luzon 88

STRONG WINDS FLOODS/HEAVY RAINS STORM SURGES LANDSLIDES MUDFLOW

HAZARDS DUE TO TROPICAL HAZARDS DUE TO TROPICAL CYCLONES: CYCLONES:

HOW TYPHOONS CREATE KILLER STORM SURGES

AT COASTAL AREAS, THE STORM SURGE PHENOMENON CAUSES A GREAT PORTION OF THE DAMAGE DUE TO TYPHOONS!!!

Public Storm Warning Signal Number 1A tropical cyclone may threaten or affect the locality. Winds of not more than 60 KPH may be expected in at least 36 hours.

Keep listening to your radio for more information or updates about the weather disturbance.

Prepare flashlights, batteries, matches, kerosene lamps or candles and charcoal in anticipation of power failure - check the capacity of the house to withstand strong winds and strengthen the house if necessary.

What to do?

PUBLIC STORM WARNING PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALSSIGNALS

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL

NO. 1NO. 1

A tropical cyclone may threaten the locality. Winds between 60-100 kph may be expected in at least 24 hours.

Board up windows or put storm shutters in place.Board up windows - making use of good lumber

which are securely fastened.Store drinking water in covered containers as

water supply may be cut-off. Children are advised to stay indoors.

Stay at home!!! Keep posted for updates from your radio.

Public Storm Warning Signal Number 2

What to do?

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALSPUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL

NO. 2NO. 2

A tropical cyclone will affect the locality. Winds of 100 - 185 Kph may be expected in at least 18 hours.

Keep your radio on and listen to the latest news about the tropical cyclone.

Everybody is advised to stay indoors.

If the house is not strong enough to withstand the battering of strong winds go to designated evacuation center or seek shelter in stronger building and stay there until the typhoon has passed.

What to do?

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

Public Storm Warning Signal Number 3

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNAL

NO. 3NO. 3

A very strong typhoon will affect the locality. Very strong winds of more than 185 kph may be expected in at least 12 hours.

Stay in safe houses or evacuation centers!!

What to do?

PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS

Public Storm Warning Signal Number 4

PSWS NO. 1

WINDS OF UP TO 60 KPH EXPECTED IN AT LEAST 36 HOURS

PSWS NO. 2

WINDS OF UP TO 100 KPH EXPECTED IN AT LEAST 24 HOURSWINDS OF UP TO 185 KPH EXPECTED IN AT LEAST 18 HOURS

PSWS NO. 3PSWS NO. 4

WINDS OF MORE THAN 185 KPH EXPECTED IN AT LEAST 12 HOURS

TO SUMMARIZE, TO SUMMARIZE,

MANILA

TYPHOON PASSING NORTH OF THE PLACE (CLOSELY WATCH FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS THE TYPHOON APROACHES);

THE WINDS OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE

MANILA

TYPHOON PASSING NORTH OF THE PLACE (CLOSELY WATCH FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS THE TYPHOON APROACHES);

THE WINDS OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE

MANILA

TYPHOON PASSING NORTH OF THE PLACE (CLOSELY WATCH FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS THE TYPHOON APROACHES); BACKING WINDS DUE WEST

THE WINDS OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE

MANILA

TYPHOON PASSING SOUTH OF THE PLACE (CLOSELY WATCH FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS THE TYPHOON APROACHES); VEERING DUE EAST)

THE WINDS OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE

MANILA

TYPHOON PASSING SOUTH OF THE PLACE (CLOSELY WATCH FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS THE TYPHOON APROACHES); VEERING DUE EAST)

THE WINDS OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE

MANILA

TYPHOON PASSING SOUTH OF THE PLACE (CLOSELY WATCH FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS THE TYPHOON APROACHES); VEERING DUE EAST)

THE WINDS OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES ? TROPICAL CYCLONES ?

Rainfall increases groundwater and the water levels of dams that provide drinking water, irrigation water and power generation.

Rains mean water for plants. About 50% of our water supply comes from rainfall brought by tropical cyclones.

Decreases the level of pollutants.

Starting up an El Niño eventThe western Pacific Ocean warms and cools in cycles. Normally, east-to-west winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific, while cold water from deep in the ocean rises to the surface along the South American Coast. Every few years, the trade winds change, allowing the pool of warm water to move east where it blocks the rising cold water. These changes help trigger the global weather changes associated with El Niño.

Once the water reaches the ground, one of two processes may occur; 1) some of the water may evaporate back into the atmosphere or 2) the water may penetrate the surface and become groundwater. Groundwater either seeps its way to into the oceans, rivers, and streams, or is released back into the atmosphere through transpiration. The balance of water that remains on the earth's surface is runoff, which empties into lakes, rivers and streams and is carried back to the oceans, where the cycle begins again.

The hydrologic cycle begins with the evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean. As moist air is lifted, it cools and water vapor condenses to form clouds. Moisture is transported around the globe until it returns to the surface as precipitation.

THE HYDROLOGIC OR WATER CYCLE