Ultra-high-speed all-optical networking technologies for next generation networking Mikio Yagi,...

Ultra-high-speed all-optical networking technologies for next generation networking

Mikio Yagi, Shiro Ryu (1), and Shoichiro Asano (2)

1: Information and Communication Labs., Japan Telecom Co., Ltd.2: National Institute of Informatics

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks

September 29, 2004

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Agenda

• Future network features and applications

• Key technologies and issues for realization of all-optical network

• Our recent activities– Field trial 1 : Application of all-optical regeneration system – Field trial 2 : Application of automatic chromatic dispersion

compensator

• Conclusion

Future network features and applications

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Network applications for world-wide high-speed network

• GRID computing• Genome information analysis• High energy and nuclear fusion

research

• Space and astronomical science

• IT-Based Laboratory (ITBL)

• Storage area network (SAN)

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

What is needed for future network ?

Task

Result

• Communication style– Human to human– Human to computer– Computer to computer

• Bit-rate free• Protocol free• Network topology free

• High capacity• Short delay• High security• On demand

Global GRID computing

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Current network : IP-based Network “PRISM”

GSR

PRISM: Progressive Revolutionary Integration on Service Media

DWDM

IP based client

IP based client

10G POS ring

using MPLS

Customer router

Electrical processing equipments

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Future network: All-optical network

DWDMMesh

Network

IP routerPXCPXC

PXC

PXC

PXC

PXC

Photoniccrossconnect

Interwork

DWDM

Any client signal

Any client signal

GMPLS: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching

All-optical processing equipments

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Features of all-optical network

High speed / High capacity

Short transmission delay time

High security

Protocol free

Bit-rate free

Topology free

On demand

These functions are essential for the future network applications.

Key technologies and issues for realization of the all-optical network

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Key technologies for the future network (1)

• Physical layer

• Control plane

• Others– Transport layer– Management– Service application

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Key technologies for the future network (2) : Physical layer

• Switching technologies on repeater node– Optical crossconnect (OXC)/Photonic crossconnect (PXC)

• High-speed Switching

– Link aggregation– Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)– Optical queuing

• All-optical signal processing technologies– All-optical regeneration

• 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping)• 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and retiming)

– Optical wavelength conversion– Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic dispersion /

Polarization-mode dispersion)

• Optical signal quality measurement technology

Fiber array

Micro mirror(MEMS mirror)

Fiber array

Optical Signal

Optical Signal

Micro mirror array

3 Dimension Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (3D MEMS)

1㎜

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Key technologies for the future network (3) : Physical layer

• Switching technologies on repeater node– Optical cross connect (OXC)/Photonic cross connect (PXC)

• High speed Switching

– Link aggregation– Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)– Optical queuing

• All-optical signal processing technologies– All-optical regeneration

• 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping)• 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and retiming)

– Optical wavelength conversion– Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic dispersion /

Polarization-mode dispersion)

• Optical signal quality measurement technology

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

What’s problem on physical layer ?

In the future all-optical network

– The route of the path changes dynamically

• Network protection/restoration

• Reconfiguration of peer-to-peer wavelength path service

Fiber parameters along the path are changed after reconfiguration.

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Fiber parameters cause signal degradation

Polarization-mode dispersion

(PMD)

40Gbit/s data signalreceiver

Com

pen

sation

of signal

distortion

Y

X

Y

X

XY

40Gbit/s data signaltransmitter

Chromatic dispersion(CD)

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Compensation technologies on each effect

Polarization-mode dispersion

(PMD)

Y

X

Y

X

XY

Chromatic dispersion(CD)

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

All-optical signal regeneration

• All-optical 2R regeneration

• All-optical 3R regeneration

All-optical signal regeneration

• All-optical 2R regeneration

• All-optical 3R regeneration

PMD compensatorPMD compensator CD compensatorCD compensator

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Key technologies for the future network (4) : Physical layer

• Switching technologies on repeater node– Optical crossconnect (OXC)/Photonic crossconnect (PXC)

• High-speed Switching– Link aggregation– Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)– Optical queuing

• All-optical signal processing technologies– All-optical regeneration

• 2R regeneration (regeneration and reshaping)• 3R regeneration (regeneration, reshaping, and retiming)

– Optical wavelength conversion– Compensation of fiber parameter effect (Chromatic dispersion /

Polarization-mode dispersion)

• Optical signal quality measurement technology

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Key technologies for the future network (5) : Control plane

MPLS

IP

+Label Label Path

GMPLS

λ（ Lambda） SONET/SDH

Etc.

Fiber

• Generalized MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching)– Control and signaling mechanisms of MPLS label path have been extended in ord

er to apply those mechanisms to not only label paths, but also SONET/SDH paths, lambda paths and etc.

• MPLSMPLS is the set of extensions to OSPF, IS-IS, and RSVP to support the routing of paths (aka traffic engineering)

• MPMPSS is a concept that says the MPLS control plane can be leveraged to support routing of lambda paths

• GMPLSGMPLS is the realization of the MPS concept, created by extended MPLS to support non-packet non-packet paths (’s, time-slots, fibers)

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Key technologies for the future network (6)

• Physical layer

• Control plane

• Others– Transport layer– Management– Service application

There are a lot of issues to resolve for realization of the all-optical network.

Our recent activities

20

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Super SINET project

Super SINET is an ultrahigh-speed network intended to develop and promote Japanese academic researches by strengthening collaboration among leading academic research institutes.

http://www.sinet.ad.jp/english/super_sinet.html

•High energy and nuclear fusion

•Space and astronomical science

•Genome information analysis (bio-informatics)

• Supercomputer-interlocking distributed computing (GRID)

•Nanotechnology

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Our challenge

• For realization of future ultra-high-speed all-optical network – Physical layer

• Field trials

– Application of all-optical 2R regeneration system

– Application of automatic chromatic dispersion compensation system

– Control plane

– Service application

Field trial 1:

Application of all-optical 2R regeneration system

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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How can all-optical 2R regeneration be realized?

• 2R regeneration :– regeneration and reshaping

Amplified amplitude

Noise of level 1

Noise of level 0

Input signal

Input vs output characteristic of an optical device that has non-linear effect

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

How can all-optical 2R regeneration be realized? (Cont.)

• 2R regeneration :– regeneration and reshaping

Amplified amplitude

Noise suppression Noise of

level 1

Noise of level 0

IN

OUT

Input signal

Input vs output characteristic of an optical device that has non-linear effect

Output signal

An electro-absorption

modulator (EAM) has the effect

of noise suppression.

Opticaldevice

Input Output

Optical device

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Research background

• The optical signal quality is degraded by the loss of the OADM system.

• The OADM system causes the signal quality degradation for the through signal at the destination.

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

It is necessary to compensate for the degradation.

Optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM)

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Research background (Cont.)

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M2R regeneration

system

• The optical signal quality is degraded by the loss of the OADM system.

• The OADM system causes the signal quality degradation for the through signal at the destination.

It is necessary to compensate for the degradation.

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Research background (Cont.)

• This experiment– 40-Gbit/s 12-channel WDM field trial using an installed 320-

km-long fiber.– Applied OADM system with an all-optical 2R regeneration

system.

• This experiment– 40-Gbit/s 12-channel WDM field trial using an installed 320-

km-long fiber.– Applied OADM system with an all-optical 2R regeneration

system.

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

WD

M

2R regenerationsystem

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Location and cable for the 2R system field trial in Tokyo area

Fiber type : SMF

Shinjuku StationTokyo Station

Total fiber length : 80 km x 4 spans = 320 km

National Institute of Informatics (NII) Building

4.5-km-long installed fiber cable

11.7-km-long installed fiber cable

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Our transmission system

40-Gbit/s receiver Bit-error rate tester(Performance evaluation)

40-Gbit/s transmitter Repeater

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Performance evaluation : Q-factor

off

on

1 + 0

1 - 0Q =

1: ON level average value

1: ON level noise standard deviation

0: OFF level average value

0: OFF level noise standard deviation

Histogram

Q=20dB :: BER= 8×10-24

Q=17dB :: BER= 1×10-12

Q-factor ++ Transmission quality ++

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Performance evaluation cases

WD

M

WD

M1. Dropped at 160-km by the OADM ; “Dropped at 160km”

2. 320-km transmission without 2R; “320km w/o 2R”

3. 320-km transmission with 2R: “320km with 2R.”

1

2

32R regeneration

system

32

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Result of 320-km transmission with OADM / 2R system

WD

M

WD

M

1

2

32R regeneration

system

Dropped at 160-km

Q-factor: 18.8dB

320-km w/o 2R

Q-factor: 16.9dB

320-km with 2R

Q-factor: 17.7dB

1.9dB degradation

0.8dBimprovement

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Discussion

• OADM system with/without 2R regeneration system

– 0.8-dB improvement over 320-km transmission with 2R– Nearly the same as the quality of the signal dropped at 160-km.

• From a point of view of the system design,

– It is preferable that transmission characteristics of the express channel and the dropped channel are equal.

We have confirmed that the all-optical 2R system has the

possibility to realize such a condition in an OADM system.

Field trial 2:

Application of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Influence of chromatic dispersion

40Gbit/s data signalReceiver

Com

pen

sation

of signal

qu

ality

40Gbit/s data signalTransmitter

• When the wavelength path is dynamically reconfigured, accumulated physical parameters including chromatic dispersion (CD) are changed.

– CD is one of the most important parameters for the system over 40 Gbit/s.

36

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Influence of chromatic dispersion (Cont.)

40Gbit/s data signalreceiver

Com

pen

sation

of signal

qu

ality

40Gbit/s data signaltransmitter

short Group delay largelong Group delay small Index of reflection

z

longInput

Output

z

Reflect point of input signal depends on wavelength. It causes the difference of group delay.

short

Tunable chromatic dispersion compensator - Chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) -

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Automatic chromatic dispersion compensator

40Gbit/s data signalreceiver

Automatic chromatic dispersion

compensator

40Gbit/s data signaltransmitter

Signal quality monitoring(Q-factor, Bit-error rate)

Hill-climbing method

Tunable chromatic dispersion

compensator

Device controller

Input Output

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Performance evaluation

• Rerouting operation

− GMPLS signaling

− Operation of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator

39

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Sequence of path setup and operation of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator

GMPLS control plane

GMPLS Control plane

Data plane

40-Gbit/s receiver

-DEM

UX

Automaticchromatic dispersion

compensator-MU

X

PXC PXC

1. Path Setup Request

2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )3. RSVP - RESV

Service plane1. Service request

1. Service request

2. Path setup

4. Service in

40

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

Proprietary of Japan Telecom Co., Ltd, and and National Institute of Informatics.

Sequence of path setup and operation of automatic chromatic dispersion compensator

GMPLS control plane

GMPLS Control plane

Data plane

40-Gbit/s receiver

-DEM

UX

-MU

X

PXC PXC

1. Path Setup Request

2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )3. RSVP - RESV

Service plane1. Service request

1. Service request

2. Path setup

4. Service in

Automaticchromatic dispersion

compensator

Automaticchromatic dispersion

compensator

41

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Experimental result

Variation of Q-factor in case of network protection operation

• Network protection operation by switching a line between Line1 and Line 2 at second span in every 10 minute.

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

0:00 0:10 0:20 0:30 0:40 0:50 1:00 1:10 1:20 1:30

Time [hour:min.]

Q-f

acto

r [d

B]

Line2 Line2 Line2 Line2

Line1 Line1 Line1 Line1

Recovery time : 40 sec

Efforts to improve the time for CD compensation- GMPLS multilayer integration –

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Make the CD compensation operation faster

40Gbit/s data signalreceiver

Automatic chromatic dispersion

compensator

40Gbit/s data signaltransmitter

Signal quality monitoring(Q-factor, Bit-error rate)

Hill-climbing method

Tunable chromatic dispersion

compensator

Device controller

Input OutputQuality measurement (Q-factor, BER) takes long time ( ~ 40 sec).

Measurement of CD makes path setup faster

Measurement of CD makes path setup faster

The multilayer integration among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane is essential.

44

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Sequence of the multilayer integration

GMPLS control plane

GMPLS Control plane

Data plane

40-Gbit/s receiver

Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)

-DEM

UX

Chromatic dispersion

compensator

-MU

X

PXC

PXC

PXC

Chromatic dispersion analyzer

(transmitter)

Measurement plane

1. Path Setup Request

Data plane

2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )3. RSVP - RESV

Service plane1. Service request

1. Service request

2. Path setup

45

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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GMPLS Control plane

Data plane

40-Gbit/s receiver

-DEM

UX

Chromatic dispersion

compensator

-MU

X

PXC

PXC

PXC

Sequence of the multilayer integration

GMPLS control plane

Measurement plane

1. Path Setup Request

Data plane

2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )3. RSVP - RESV

4. Data plane setup5. CD measurement

Service plane1. Service request

Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)

Chromatic dispersion analyzer

(transmitter)

Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)

Chromatic dispersion analyzer

(transmitter)

46

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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GMPLS Control plane

Data plane

40-Gbit/s receiver

-DEM

UX

Chromatic dispersion

compensator

-MU

X

PXC

PXC

PXC

Sequence of the multilayer integration

GMPLS control plane

Measurement plane

1. Path Setup Request

Data plane

2. RSVP - PATH ( Path setup )3. RSVP - RESV

4. Data plane setup5. CD measurement

Service plane1. Service request

7. Set the value to CD compensator

8. Service in

6. Receive the measured CD value

Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)

Chromatic dispersion analyzer

(transmitter)

Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)

Chromatic dispersion

compensator

CD value

47

Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Location and experimental setup of field trial in Kyusyu area

GMPLS control plane

Data plane

Yame Station

Fukuoka Station

Tosu Station

Route 3 (66-km NZDSF)

Route 2 (35-km NZDSF)

Route 1 (35-km SMF)

First span (66-km NZDSF) Second span

Third span(31-km NZDSF)

Route 3 (31-km NZDSF)

Kyushu University

40-Gbit/s receiver

Chromatic dispersion analyzer (receiver)

-DEM

UX

Chromatic dispersion

compensator

Chromatic dispersion analyzer

(transmitter)

-MU

X

PXC

PXC

PXC

Kyushu University

GMPLScontroller GMPLS

controllerGMPLScontroller

GMPLScontroller

Optical amplifier

SC-DCF

Optical amplifier

SC-DCF

SC-DCF

SC-DCF

SC-DCF

VOA Optical amplifier

GMPLScontroller

40-Gbit/s, 24-channel WDM transmitters

SC-DCF: Slope-compensating dispersion compensation fiber , PXC: Photonic cross-connect

48

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Error count v.s. time in rerouting operation

0

2

4

6

8

10

00:00 10:00 20:00 30:00Time [min : sec]

Err

or c

ount

R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3

R1 : Route 1R2 : Route 2R3 : Route 3

0

2

4

6

8

10

28:00 28:10 28:20 28:30Time [ min : sec]

Err

or c

ount

8.4 sec

Fig.a : Error count v.s. time in rerouting operation.

Fig.b : Error count v.s. time in rerouting operation (details).

49

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Discussion

• A field trial of GMPLS multilayer integration among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane for ensuring the quality of a 40-Gbit/s wavelength path is effective for the GMPLS all-optical rerouting

• The time for the start of the service after a fault was measured to be about 8.4 seconds.

• A field trial of GMPLS multilayer integration among a GMPLS control plane, a measurement plane, and a data plane for ensuring the quality of a 40-Gbit/s wavelength path is effective for the GMPLS all-optical rerouting

• The time for the start of the service after a fault was measured to be about 8.4 seconds.

Conclusion

51

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What to do for the future network further ?

• Higher capacity switching

• Routing processing for large scale network

• Higher speed transmission system technologies (160 Gbit/s …..)

• Signal quality monitoring method based on all-optical processing

• Network security (data plane, control plane)

There are a lot of issues to resolve for realization of the all-optical network.

There are a lot of issues to resolve for realization of the all-optical network.

52

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Future network applications

• GRID computing• Genome information analysis• High energy and nuclear fusion

research

• Space and astronomical science

• IT-Based Laboratory (ITBL)

• Storage area network (SAN)

53

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Thank you for your kind attention !

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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Internet2 Fall 2004 Member Meeting Extreme Networking: Experimental Ultra-High-Speed Networks 29/Sep./2004

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