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Unit 1: American Historical Survey. Stuff you SHOULD remember. Road Map for the Unit. America before the Europeans Spanish conquest and exploration European colonization and competition American Revolution and the Constitution - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Unit 1: American Historical Survey
Stuff you SHOULD remember
Road Map for the Unit• America before the Europeans• Spanish conquest and
exploration• European colonization and
competition• American Revolution and the
Constitution• Expansion of the country –
Louisiana Purchase, Texas and the Mexican War
Discovery?
• 1492 – 1,000,000+ inhabitants
• 6 main geographic regions – each with their own “personality”
Mound Builders
• A group of cultures under one collective name
• 3000 BC to 16th century• Lived throughout modern
mid west and south east
Anasazi & Hohokam
• Lived throughout modern SW United States
• Famous for cliff dwellings and use of irrigation to farm
• Possibly driven to cliffs and plateaus for safety and protection of food sources
Discovery?
• Latin America was home to 14,000,000+
• The “Great” Civilizations– Olmecs– Mayans– Aztec– Inca
Olmecs
• 3000+ yrs ago • Gulf coast/Yucatan in
Mexico• Possibly the foundation
for the major civilizations that followed– Mesoamerican ball game– Long count calendar– Ritual bloodletting
Mayans
• Developed throughout the Yucatan and Central America
• Built huge temples and cities
• Social class system– Priests, Nobles/Govt
officials/Warriors, Peasants, Slaves
• Excellent astronomers• Developed an
abacus(Nepohualtzintzin)• Famous for their calendar(s)
– Tzolkin (260) and the Haab(365) work in tandem to form the Calendar Round(52 years)
– Long Count Calendar created to keep track of earlier/later dates
Chichen ItzaTulum
Tikal Palenque
Aztecs
• Large part of their history – nomads– Looking for their “legend”– Tenochtitlan
• Developed an empire in central Mexico(Mexico City)
• Social Class system– Emperor/Royalty, Priests/Nobles, Warriors,
Merchants, Farmers, Slaves
Aztecs
Incas
• The largest empire in the Americas• Developed system of terraces and roads
through the mountains.• Government stored surplus• Had to be married by 20• Gold was the sweat of the “gods”
Inca
“Discovery” Theories
• 1421 Theory– Chinese– Evidence is sketchy• Map• Artifacts• Native American art
• Why isn’t there more concrete evidence?
“Discovery” Theories
• The Viking Theory– Erik the Red settled on
Greenland– Leif Eriksson left to
explore and eventually set up a colony on “Vinland” (Newfoundland)
European Exploration
• End of Roman rule
• Chaotic
DARK AGES
• Opened eyes to the world
• Many new goods
CRUSADES• Rebirth of
learning• Renewed
exploration
RENESSAINCE
European Exploration
• Portugal and Spain began looking for a better route
• October 12, 1492 Columbus lands at San Salvador
• 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas(Line of Demarcation)
• 1519 – Magellan begins his trip around the world– 5 ships and 251 crew
• 1522 – 1 ship and 18 crew arrive back in Spain
* Spain decides to focus on the Americas
Spanish Conquest and Empire
• Conquistadors– Ponce de Leon –
Fountain of Youth– Cortes – Aztecs– Pizarro – Inca– Hernando de Soto and
Francisco Coronado – cities of gold(SE and SW)
• Quickly established a class system– Peninsulares – Spanish
born– Creoles – Spanish
parents but born in Americas
– Mestizos – Spanish/Indian
– Indians
Colonizing North America
• European rivalries drove competition– NW Passage
– Protestant Reformation
– Queen Elizabeth – “rob and steal”
Colonizing North America
• New France– Cours de bois
• New Netherland• English colonies– Roanoke– Jamestown
• Disney• House of Burgesses
– Plymouth
13 English Colonies
• Divided into 3 regions– New England
– Middle
– Southern
A New Society
• “Triangular trade”
• Mercantilism
• Navigation Acts (1650-96)
• Staples Act (1663)
Roots of Revolution Take Hold
• English Bill of Rights
• Enlightenment thinkers– John Locke, Jean Jaque
Rousseau, Baron Montesquieu
• Great Awakening– Jonathan Edwards,
George Whitefield
• Education systems
Roots of Revolution Take Hold
• French and Indian War– Ft Necessity
– Early success went to the French
– Pitt’s policies
– Treaty of Paris (1763)
Post-War Problems
A. INDIANS British had complete
control of the Ohio River Valley
Pontiac’s War
Proclamation of 1763
Post-War Problems Many colonists ignored it
Daniel Boone and the Cumberland Gap
Post-War Problems
B. TAXES Britain’s heavy war
debt
Sugar Act (1764)
Stamp Act (1765)
Post-War Problems Townshend Acts (1767)
Writs of Assistance
Sons/Daughters of Liberty
British Strike Back
• Boston Massacre– Rowdy crowd + nervous
soldiers = BAD– Son of Liberty/press
hyped it up
• Committees of Correspondence (Adams)
• Townshend Acts repealed, BUT tax on tea stayed
• Parliament passed Tea Act (1773)– Cut out the tea
merchants
British Strike Back
• Boston Tea Party
• Intolerable Acts– Boston Harbor– 1 town mtg/yr– Trials in Britain– Quartering Act
British Strike Back
• First Continental Congress (1774)– Boycott British goods– No more exports– Militias
• Shot heard round the world………
The Revolution Begins
• Second Continental Congress
• Fort Ticonderoga– Ethan Allen and the
GMB
• Olive Branch Petition
The Revolution Begins
• Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill
• Failed invasion of Canada– Benedict Arnold
The Revolution Begins
• Declaring Independence– Common Sense– Adams, Franklin,
Jefferson
• 3 parts– Natural Rights– British Wrongs– Independence
Key Events
• Disastrous early on– Training– Nathan Hale
• Battle of Trenton/Princeton
• Turning point of the war - Saratoga
• Valley Forge
• European help– von Steuben – Drill
master– de Lafayette – friend to
GW– Kosciusko –
forts/defenses– Pulaski - cavalry
Wrapping Things Up
• New leaders – Nathaniel Greene– Daniel Morgan– Francis Marion
• Cowpens
• Yorktown
• Treaty of Paris (1783)
Creating a Republic
• We Won!!!! Now leave me alone!– State Constitutions
• Articles of Confederation (1777)– Congress can……– Congress cannot……
Creating a Republic
• Many early problems– Debt– Britain/Spain– Unorganized
• Land Ordinance Act (1785)
• Northwest Ordinance (1787)
• Shay’s Rebellion
Creating a Republic
• Constitutional Convention (1787)– GW– Virginia Plan– New Jersey Plan– 3/5ths Compromise and
the slave trade
• Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists– Bill of Rights
• George Washington and John Adams
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