Unit IV

Unit IV

• Global Interactions

Unit IV

• The Renaissance

Renaissance:“re-birth” of classics and culture; humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread

throughout Europe.

King Henry VIII

Humanism:Cultural and intellectual movement of the

Renaissance that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the rediscovery and study of the literature, art, and civilization of

ancient Greece and

Secularism:

worldly focus rather than religious .

Patron:Someone who provides support to a specific

cause and/or person/people.

Vernacular:Everyday language of a people. .

how are you? jak sie masz Hola — Hello, hi

"Xie Xie" 谢谢 . "Xie Xie 谢谢 " means "Thank you".

Здравствуйте!

Hello!

Здравствуйте!

Hello!

Здравствуйте!

Hello!

bonjour, hello Hello

Johann Gutenberg:Inventor of the printing press .

Machiavelli, Niccolo

• (1469-1527) Italian historian, statesman, and political philosopher of the Renaissance. His greatest work is The Prince, a book of political advice to rulers in which he describes the methods that a prince should use to acquire and maintain political power. This book was used to defend policies of despotism and tyranny. Machiavelli wrote that a ruler should take any action to remain in power, or that “the ends justify the means.”

Renaissance People:Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Dante, Raphael,

Shakespeare

Raphael

MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI 1496 - 1564

Da Vinci

Unit IV

•Reformation

Protestant Reformation:(Reformation) 15th and 16th century European religious schism of the Catholic church giving

origins to new Christian religions of Lutheranism, Calvinism and the Anglican

Church of England .

Luther, MartinCatholic monk. His disagreements

with various Catholic traditions led to the founding to the Protestant Church.

Indulgence:Letters of forgiveness for one's sins provided

by the medieval Church, and one of the causes of the Reformation. .

95 Theses:Martin Luther's questions for debate surrounding the practices of the Catholic Church symbolizing

the beginning of the Protestant Reformation .

Heretic (heresy):People whose religious beliefs differ

than those of the church.

Calvin, John:(1509-1564) Theologian and church reformer who

developed a form of Protestantism during the Reformation. His church is known for the idea of predestination, which states certain people are

predestined for heaven.

Predestination:The idea of Calvinist Protestants that certain

people were pre-selected to go to heaven. .

Henry VIII:

King of England who transformed his country into a Protestant

nation during the Reformation.

Counter (Catholic) Reformation:

16th century movement within Catholic Church to reform itself and help Catholics remain loyal.

Council of Trent:A long standing meeting of Catholic Church leaders that reformed and

reaffirmed Church beliefs and customs.

Jesuits:Members of the Society of Jesus, a religious group (order) that started during the Counter-Reformation;

started by Ignatius Loyola.

Inquisition:Roman Catholic church court in charge of

investigating & prosecuting charges of heresy- especially active in SPAIN during the 1400’s.

Unit IV

• Muslim Expansion(Ottoman Empire)

Ottoman Empire:Hereditary nation state centered in Turkey. It was founded in the late 13th century after the collapse

of the Byzantine Empire and extended across most of Asia Minor and the Middle East.

Ottoman coat of arms Ottoman coat of arms

Suleiman:(1494-1566) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and considered to be their greatest ruler. Under his

leadership, the Ottoman Empire reached its greatest height.

Janissaries:Ottoman army elite warriors.

Sultan:Title for Islamic (Ottoman) rulers of

Muslim country, kingdom, or empire.

Akbar the Great:(1542-1605) Sultan of the Mughal Empire in India. He is

considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it,

and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.Akbar 1543 - 1605 A.D.

Taj Mahal:Mosque/tomb in Agra India built by

Shah Jahan for his most beloved wife. Now stands as a symbol of cultural

diffusion.

Yuan Dynasty:Mongol dynasty (non-Chinese) that ruled China for

less than 100yrs; Started by Kublai Khan.

Kublai Khan:

Mongol leader who ruled China as Emperor.

Kublai Khan and Marco Polo

Marco Polo:

Traveler from Venice (Italian city-state) who served Kublai Khan for 17 yrs..

“God, Gold, Glory” 3 G’s:

Slogan the age of exploration identifying motivating factors for

exploring the new world.

God Almighty (van Eyck)

Morning Glory

Unit III

• Mughals of India

British East India Company:A joint stock company that controlled most of India

during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India

for more than 200 years.

Dutch East India Company:

Dutch merchants forming an association to increase profits and

protect shipping interests.

Treaty of TordesillasPope set a dividing line between Spanish and Portuguese trading

interests.

Unit IV

• Mongols (Yuan)

Isolationism:A policy of avoiding political or military (some times economic)

involvement with other countries.

Ming Dynasty:Chinese dynasty known for restoring

Confucian gov’t/principals/traditions, as well as ISOLATING China from foreign

influence.

Unit IV

• Exploration & Isolation

Zheng He:Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of ASIA,

Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death.

Zheng He

EthnocentrismBelief that your culture is superior to others.

Terrace Farming:The cutting out of flat areas on hillsides for the purpose of farming – looks like steps on

the side of hills/mountains

Population Density:

The number of people per sq. mile.

Homogeneous:A society with the same racial or ethnic make-up.

Selective Borrowing:Process of one culture picking/choosing aspects of another culture and making them part of their own

way of life. Ex. Japan’s “selectively borrowing" aspects of Chinese culture

Haiku Poetry:3 line poem w/17 syllables that express a

single thought or feeling

An old silent pond... A frog jumps into the pond,

splash! Silence again.

by Basho (1644-1694)

Noh Theater SceneJapanese Kabuki

Kabuki & Noh Theatre:Feudal Japanese theatre that performed comedic/dramatic presentations of everyday life

or historical events – performed by only men [Kabuki]. Japanese

opera [Noh]

Shintoism:

Ancient Japanese belief system based on the kami or spirits within all living and

non-living things

Kami:Shinto belief in the spirits of all living

and non-living things

Feudalism:Political system in which nobles or lords are granted land from the king in exchange for

loyalty and military service

Shogun:Military leader in Feudal Japan who rule in the name of the emperor (no

power/figurehead)

Daimyo:

Feudal lord of Japan and large landowner

SamuraiProfessional warrior of feudal Japan.

Bushido:Behavior code of the samurai during a

feudal age of Japan

Sepuku:Ritual suicide for Samurai & feudal nobility if they

bring dishonor or shame upon themselves or family. Also known as “Hari-Kari”

Teddy Bear Sepuku

Tokugawa Shogunate:Ruled for 300 years beginning in 1603 and built a powerful feudal government that maintained strict isolation from outsiders and made great internal

cultural advance.

Regionalism:Strong local traditions that divide people within a

country or region.

L.A. Physical Geography:Andes Mts., Atacama Desert, Amazon Rain Forest, Patagonia, Pampas, Brazilian/Guiana Highlands,

Sierra Madres (E & W), Amazon River.

Pre-Columbian SocietyNative Americans living in the New World before

Columbus. I.E. Aztec

Encomienda System:Spanish system whereby land holders

demanded labor and loyalty from conquered Native Americans

Triangular Trade:Transfer of goods, resources and slave between

Europe, Africa and the Americas

Diaspora:The enforced spreading out of a group of people. In history, there has been both a

Jewish Diaspora and an African Diaspora.

Middle Passage:The trans-Atlantic slave trade voyage.

Cash Crops:Specific crops grown for the purpose of

exportation & sale – BUT NOT necessatily for local population use. $$$ [coffee, sugar,

cotton, tobacco]

Columbian Exchange:Massive exchange of goods, people

and ideas across the Atlantic Oceans during the colonial age