UPOV requirements for PVP New Distinct Uniform Stable 20 yrs minimum protection 72,000 varieties...

UPOV requirements for PVP

• New

• Distinct

• Uniform

• Stable

20 yrs minimum protection

72,000 varieties currently protected

UPOV’s exceptions to breeders’ rights

• Acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes (Farmers’ privilege)

• Experimental pursoses (breeders’ exemption)

Benefits of PVP (acc. to UPOV)• Economic: varieties with improved yield

leading to reductions in the price of end-products for consumers, or improved quality, leading to higher value products with increased marketability;

• Health: varieties with improved nutritional content;

• Environmental: varieties with improved disease resistance or stress tolerance;

• Pure pleasure: for example with ornamental plants.

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Dutfield’s critiques

• Non-adapted for many LDCs• Focus on a few big crops• Less seed saving• Need to use fertilizers and pesticides• Monoculture/ loss of plant genetic

deiversity• Concentration of ownership• Conflict with CBD’s ABS principles