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URBAN SETTLEMENT
FUNCTIONS OF CITIES
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIALPOLITICAL AND
ADMINISTRATIVE
CULTURAL
TOURISM
THE URBAN POPULATION
• Most of the population lives in towns and medium-sized cities (less than 500,000 inhabitants).
▫ Salamanca has more than 152,000 inhabitants.
▫ Valladolid has 312,000 inhabitants.
▫ Palencia has around 82,000 inhabitants.
THE URBAN POPULATION
•However, the number of citieswith more than 10 millioninhabitants has increased in the past few decades: MEGACITIES
THE GROWTH OF THE CITIES
• Cities grow and form extensive urban areas:
LARGE URBAN AREAS
METROPOLITAN AREAS
CONURBATION MEGALOPOLIS
METROPOLITAN AREAS
METROPOLITAN AREA OF MADRID
METROPOLITAN AREA OF BARCELONA
CONURBATION IN HOLLAND
MEGALOPOLIS OF TOKIO
URBAN HIERARCHY
• It´s the organisation of cities in ranks orcategories.
• The number of inhabitants and the extension of a city´s sphere of influence determine its rank in the urban hierarchy (worldwide, national, regional, county or district, etc.)
• A number of urban nuclei, ranked and interconnected, form an urban network.
UR
BA
N H
IER
AR
CH
Y
Worldmetropolises
Nationalmetropolises
Regional metropolises
Smaller cities
HOMEWORK
• Page 67: ex. 6 and 7
• Page 74: ex. 2 and 3
ANALYSIS OF CITIES
Analysis of cities
Site and situation
Urban planUrban
construction
Location of cities
Site
On a hill
In a valley
On an island
Situation
In the centre of a country
In a coastalarea
Near a roadintersection• Give examples of cities.
URBAN PLAN
• What is an urban plan?
• How many types of plan can we distinguish?
• Name the three types of plan, according to
the overall shape and the arrangement of
roads.
• ORTHOGONAL PLAN
• GRID PLAN
• CHECKERBOARD
This plan consists of straight, wide streetsthat cross at rightangles.
An example of grid plan: Barcelona
• RADIOCENTRIC
PLAN
This plan consists of central point fromwhich streetsradiate, like thespokes of a wheel, crossed by othersthat form concentriccircles.
RADIOCENTRIC LAYOUT
• IRREGULAR PLAN
This plan does nothave a definedgeometric shape and is formed by short, narrow streets and alleys of irregular layout.
IRREGULAR PLAN
URBAN CONSTRUCTION: OLD BUILDINGS
Houses Palaces Churches
• Name the types of old buildings.• What kind of value have some of them?
URBAN CONSTRUCTION: BUILDINGS IN THE FORM OF BLOCKS
Blocks Skyscrapers Shopping centres
• What are blocks used for?
URBAN CONSTRUCTION: SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES
Detached house Semi-detached house Terraced house
• What kind of people live in these type of buildings?• In which part of the city can we find single-family homes?
URBAN CONSTRUCTION: SHACKS OR SHANTIES
Chabolas in Madrid Favelas in BrazilVillas Miseria in
Venezuela
• What kind of materials are used to build these type of houses?• Where are shanty towns located inside the city?
HOMEWORK
• Page 67: ex. 8 and 9
Principal urban problems
Enviroment Infraestructure Transport
ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS
Air pollution
Noise
Waste
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