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Urban Geography
Urban refers to highly developed areas where businesses, people, and industry cluster.
Not limited to big cities….also includes sub-urban areas.
Where are people and activities distributed in urban areas?
What patterns develop in urban areas?
Central Business District (CBD)
Aka “Downtown”Less than 1% of
land areaHigh % of services,
public institutionsHigh accessibilityFocal point of
transportation
Who locates in the CBD?
Retailers w/ high threshold◦Ex. Department stores◦Now replaced by malls
Retailers w/ high range◦Specialists, unique shops
Retailers serving downtown workers◦Office supplies, coffee shops, dry cleaning, fast
food restaurants
Characteristics of the CBD
Large public buildings such as libraries, churches, stations and town halls.
Specialty shops and branches of major department stores. Movie theatres, clubs and theatres. Very little housing, but often hotels. Little or no industry. Offices and other professional buildings. High pedestrian levels and the greatest parking restrictions. Geographical center of the settlement. Area with the highest land value. Well connected by public transport, with large numbers of
passengers. High traffic levels.
Land Use in CBD’s
Land is expensive in CBD’sTokyo, London, NYCHigh cost of land forces vertical and
underground expansionSkyscrapersUnderground cities
Worlds Most Expensive Land
Cost of Land per square meter
1. Monte Carlo, Monaco – $47,5782. Moscow, Russia – $20,8533. London, England – $20,7564. Tokyo, Japan – $17,9985. Hong Kong – $16,1256. New York, USA – $14,8987. Paris, France – $12,1228. Singapore – $9,7019. Rome, Italy – $9,16610. Mumbai, India – $9,163
Land in LDC’s might be closer to $3-15 per square meter
Rural land is cheaper than urban land
Not Found in CBD’s
Industry◦Have relocated to suburban areas
Old industrial areas (harbors/ piers) are now tourist attractions
Ex. Navy PierResidents
◦Fluctuation: originally rich mansions and crowded apts., then suburbs, now “empty nesters” return in search of nightlife, entertainment, etc.
Urban Models
3 models, all developed in ChicagoWhy Chicago?
◦Flat (prairie)◦Few physical features that interrupt growth
(except Lake Michigan)Predict how cities will developWhere will different groups of people live
in urban areas?
Concentric Zone Model
E.W. BurgessCity grows outward in a series of rings5 Rings
◦1. CBD◦2. Transition (industry/ poor housing)◦3. Working class◦4. Better homes◦5. Commuters/ suburbs
Sector Model
Homer HoytCity develops in
sectors (sections/ wedges) not rings.
Industry and retail develop along transportation lines
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