Usat Plumbing

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Building Utilities 1Plumbing and Sanitary Systems

Types of Plumbing Piping Materials

Cast iron pipeGalvanized iron/steel pipePlastic pipeBrass pipeCopper tubeLead pipe

Asbestos cement pipeGlass pipemagnesium pipe

Aluminum pipe

Types of Flexible Plastic Pipes

PolyethylenePolybutylene

Types of Rigid Plastic Pipes

PolyvinylchlorideChlorinated polyvinylPolypropylene

Acrilonitryle butadiene styrene

Types of Galvanized Steel Pipes

Welded pipeSeamless pipe

Varieties of Cast Iron Pipe

Standard pipeSingle hub pipeDouble hub pipeHubless pipe

Locations of CleanoutChange in directionHighest horizontal distanceInside the building near the connectionbetween the building drain and building sewer Outside the building at the lower end of thebuilding drain and extended to gradeHorizontal drain serving sinks and urinals

Each run of piping more than 15m./50 ft.

Locations of Floor Drain

Shower Bathroom floor GarageNear water closet

Laundry areaNear urinal

Causes of Trap Seal Loss

siphonageback pressureevaporationcapillary attraction

wind effects

Types of Valves

Gate valveCheck valveGlobe valve

Angle valve

Butterfly valveFoot ValveSafety valve

Types of Traps

P-trapS-trap3/4 s-trapGrease trap

Bag trapCrown trapBell trap

Types of Ventilation Systems

Unit ventCircuit vent

Yoke ventLoop ventRelief vent

Back ventBlind ventBranch vent

Polyvinyl chloride

A strong, rigid and economical plasticpipe. It resists a wide range of acids and

bases but may be damaged by somesolvents and chlorinated carbons.

Glass pipe

A type of pipe manufactured from lowexpansion borosilicate having low alkali

content; primarily used for the drainageof various corrosive liquids. It is verybrittle and should be used when some

measure of protection is providedagainst damage.

Check valve

A valve that permits the flow of liquid ina pipe in one direction only and closes

automatically to prevent backflow.

Floor drain

A fixture providing an opening in thefloor to drain water into the plumbing

system.

cleanout

A pipe fitting with a removable plugwhich provides for inspection or

cleaning of the pipe run; also called anaccess eye or cleaning eye.

Circuit vent

A branch vent which serves two or more traps and extends from infront of

the last fixture connection of ahorizontal branch to the stack.

Vent pipe

A pipe attached to drainage pipes near one or more traps which leads to

outside air.

Wye fitting

A fitting used to connect a branch pipeinto a straight run of piping at 45

degrees.

A fitting or device so constructed as toprevent the passage of foul air, gases

and some vermin without affecting theflow of sewage inside the pipe.

Seal Measurement

The vertical distance between the topdip and crown weir of a pipe.

Seepage pit / cesspool

A lined and covered excavation in theground which receives the discharge of

domestic sewage or other organicwastes from a drainage system.

Septic tank

A watertight receptacle which receivesthe discharge of a plumbing system or

part thereof and is designed andconstructed so as to separate solidsfrom liquid, digest the organic matter

through a period of detention and allowthe effluent to discharge into a drainagesystem.

Back vent

Also called an individual vent

Blind vent

A vent which terminates on the upper side of the fixture and does not connect

to the main vent system. This issometimes done with the intent of cheating.

Globe Valve

A valve in which the flow of fluid iscontrolled by a rotating drilled ball that

fits tightly against a resilient seat in thebody.

Loop Vent

A type of ventilation system used onfixtures in a room away from partitions.

Air Gap

The unobstructed vertical distancethrough the free atmosphere between

the outlet of a waste pipe and the floodlevel rim of the fixture or receptacle intowhich it is draining.

A device or fitting which provides whenproperly vented, a liquid seal to prevent

the emission of sewer gases withoutmaterially affecting the flow of sewageor waste water through it.

Horizontal Pipe

Any pipe or fitting which makes anangle of less than 45degrees with the

horizontal.

Half Bath

A bathroom containing a water closetand a lavatory.

Roughing-in

The installation of all parts of theplumbing system which can be

completed prior to the installation of fixtures.

Floor Mounted Fixture

Refers to a plumbing fixture that restson the floor.

Flushometer

A device which discharges apredetermined quantity of water to

fixtures for flushing purposes.

Hose bibb

A faucet to which a hose may beattached.

Area Drain

A receptacle for wastes which areultimately discharged into the sanitary

drainage system.

A water supply pipe that extends onefull storey or more to convey water to

fixture branches or to a group of fixtures.

Soil Stack

A vertical line of piping that extends oneor more floors and receives the

discharge of water closets, urinals andsimilar fixtures.

Vent Pipe

The pipe installed to ventilate a buildingdrainage system and to prevent trap

siphonage.(siphonage also syphonage - 2 accepted spellings)

Stack Vent

A vent which also serves as a drain.The extension of a soil or waste stackabove the highest horizontal drainconnection to the stack.

Building Supply Pipe

The pipe from the water main or other source of water supply to the water

distributing system of the building.

Vent Stack

A vertical pipe installed in order toprovide circulation of air to and from the

drainage system.

Drain Pipe

A pipe that only conveys liquid waste,free from fecal matter.

Siphonage/Syphonage

A suction created by the flow of liquid inpipes.

A general term for any vertical line of soil, waste and vent pipe extending

through one or more storeys.

Backflow

The flow of water in pipes in a reversedirection from the which is normally

intended.

Battery of fixtures

Any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a

common horizontal waste or soilbranch.

Branch

Any part of the piping system other thanthe main riser or stack.

Clean-out

A fitting with a removable plate or plugthat is placed in plumbing drainage pipe

lines in to afford access to the pipes for the purpose of cleaning their interior.

Developed Length

The length of pipe measured along thecenter line of the pipe and fittings.

Crown Weir

The highest part of the inside portion of the bottom surface at the crown of a

Fixture Drain

The drain from the trap of a fixture tothe junction of that drain with any other

drain pipe.

Durham’s System

A term sometimes used to describe asoil or waste pipe system which is

constructed of threaded pipe, tubing or other rigid construction, using recesseddrainage fittings.

Invert

The lowest portion of the inside surfaceof any horizontal pipe.

Indirect Waste Pipe

A waste pipe that does not connectdirectly with the drainage system but

conveys liquid waste by discharging intoa plumbing fixture or receptacle.

An artificial conduit, usuallyunderground, for carrying off waste

water and refuse.

Alkalinity

Cased by bicarbonates, carbonates or hydroxide components

E.Coli

Bacteria in water

Foamability

Caused by detergent

Flocculation

Coagulation, alum is added

Ferrous Bicarbonate

Iron in water

Hardness

Caused by calcium and magnesiumdeposits

Zeolite

Water softening

Black Water

Water plus human waste from toiletsand urinals

Grey Water

Waste water from laundry area,lavatory, sink, shower and bathtub.

Color/ Discoloration

Caused by iron and manganese

Filtration

Mode of turbidity correction

Hydro-pneumatic System

Indirect water distribution system

50-75 gpd

Water supply requirement for singlefamily

WSFU value for bathtub, public use

3/8”

Minimum fixture supply size for lavatory

Synonymous terms

Toilet - water closetIndividual vent - back ventBuilding sewer -Building drain -Clean-out -

P-trap -Floor set - floor mountedGate Valve - full way valveHub - bellLavatory - wash basin

Vent stack - main ventCommon vent - unit ventSoil or waste vent -Slop sink - service sink?

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