USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System Conservation of...

USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System

Conservation of Fruit & Nut Genetic Resources

Joseph PostmanPlant Pathologist & Curator

National Clonal Germplasm RepositoryCorvallis, Oregon

May 2010

Mission: Collect – Preserve

Evaluate – Enhance -Distribute

World Diversityof Plant Genetic Resources for Improving the Quality and Production of Economic Crops Important to U.S. and World Agriculture

Apple Accessions at GenevaMalus angustifolia ( 59 Accessions) Malus sikkimensis ( 14 Accessions) Malus baccata ( 67 Accessions) Malus sp. ( 41 Accessions) Malus bhutanica ( 117 Accessions) Malus spectabilis ( 9 Accessions) Malus brevipes ( 2 Accessions) Malus sylvestris ( 70 Accessions) Malus coronaria ( 98 Accessions) Malus toringo ( 122 Accessions) Malus domestica ( 1,389 Accessions) Malus transitoria ( 63 Accessions) Malus doumeri ( 2 Accessions) Malus trilobata ( 2 Accessions) Malus florentina ( 4 Accessions) Malus tschonoskii ( 3 Accessions) Malus floribunda ( 12 Accessions) Malus x adstringens ( 2 Accessions) Malus fusca ( 147 Accessions) Malus x arnoldiana ( 2 Accessions) Malus halliana ( 15 Accessions) Malus x asiatica ( 20 Accessions) Malus honanensis ( 4 Accessions) Malus x astracanica ( 1 Accessions) Malus hupehensis ( 185 Accessions) Malus x atrosanguinea ( 2 Accessions) Malus hybrid ( 337 Accessions) Malus x dawsoniana ( 2 Accessions) Malus ioensis ( 72 Accessions) Malus x hartwigii ( 5 Accessions) Malus kansuensis ( 45 Accessions) Malus x magdeburgensis ( 2 Accessions) Malus komarovii ( 1 Accessions) Malus x micromalus ( 25 Accessions) Malus mandshurica ( 3 Accessions) Malus x moerlandsii ( 2 Accessions) Malus ombrophila ( 5 Accessions) Malus x platycarpa ( 7 Accessions) Malus orientalis ( 816 Accessions) Malus x purpurea ( 5 Accessions) Malus orthocarpa ( 1 Accessions) Malus x robusta ( 13 Accessions) Malus prattii ( 42 Accessions) Malus x scheideckeri ( 2 Accessions) Malus prunifolia ( 52 Accessions) Malus x soulardii ( 3 Accessions) Malus pumila ( 12 Accessions) Malus x sublobata ( 4 Accessions) Malus sargentii ( 23 Accessions) Malus yunnanensis ( 17 Accessions) Malus sieversii ( 2,581 Accessions) Malus zhaojiaoensis ( 33 Accessions) Malus sieversii var. kirghisorum ( 35 Accessions) Malus zumi ( 3 Accessions) Malus sieversii var. turkmenorum ( 4 Accessions)

Grape Accessions at DavisVitis acerifolia ( 15 Accessions) Vitis nesbittiana ( 2 Accessions) Vitis aestivalis ( 38 Accessions) Vitis palmata ( 9 Accessions) Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis ( 31 Accessions) Vitis piasezkii var. pagnuccii ( 11 Accessions) Vitis aestivalis var. lincecumii ( 11 Accessions) Vitis piasezkii var. piasezkii ( 2 Accessions) Vitis amurensis ( 8 Accessions) Vitis popenoei ( 1 Accessions) Vitis arizonica ( 4 Accessions) Vitis riparia ( 45 Accessions) Vitis betulifolia ( 1 Accessions) Vitis romanetii ( 1 Accessions) Vitis biformis ( 2 Accessions) Vitis rotundifolia ( 110 Accessions) Vitis blancoi ( 1 Accessions) Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana ( 16 Accessions) Vitis bloodworthiana ( 1 Accessions) Vitis rupestris ( 15 Accessions) Vitis californica ( 9 Accessions) Vitis shuttleworthii ( 11 Accessions) Vitis cinerea ( 53 Accessions) Vitis sp. ( 172 Accessions) Vitis cinerea var. cinerea ( 1 Accessions) Vitis tiliifolia ( 7 Accessions) Vitis cinerea var. floridana ( 6 Accessions) Vitis treleasei ( 4 Accessions) Vitis cinerea var. helleri ( 20 Accessions) Vitis vinifera ( 184 Accessions) Vitis coignetiae ( 2 Accessions) Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris ( 77 Accessions) Vitis davidii ( 1 Accessions) Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera ( 1,200 Accessions) Vitis ficifolia ( 2 Accessions) Vitis vulpina ( 26 Accessions) Vitis flexuosa ( 1 Accessions) Vitis wilsonae ( 1 Accessions) Vitis girdiana ( 4 Accessions) Vitis x andersonii ( 1 Accessions) Vitis hybrid ( 1,051 Accessions) Vitis x bourquina ( 4 Accessions) Vitis jacquemontii ( 10 Accessions) Vitis x champinii ( 16 Accessions) Vitis labrusca ( 25 Accessions) Vitis x doaniana ( 6 Accessions) Vitis monticola ( 16 Accessions) Vitis x novae-angliae ( 1 Accessions) Vitis mustangensis ( 70 Accessions) Vitis x slavinii ( 1 Accessions)

Thousands of Fruit & Nut Varieties

U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

• 441,000 Accessions

• 11,000 Species

Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)

http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/

History

• 1898 - Section of Seed and Plant Introduction

• 1946 – Research & Marketing Act (P.L. 733)• 1947-1952 - Regional Plant Introduction Stations• 1958 - National Seed Storage Laboratory

• 1978 - Germplasm Resources Information Network• 1980s - Clonal Repositories• 1990 - P.L.101-624 (National Genetic Resources

Program)• 1999 - Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center

Active Collections

• Regional Plant Introduction Stations

• Crop Specific or Special Collections

• Clonal Repositories

• Genetic Stock Collections

Regional Plant Introduction Stations

1. Ames, IA (NC-7) – July 1947

2. Pullman, WA (W-6) – July 1947

3. Geneva, NY (NE-9) - July 1948

4. Griffin, GA (S-9) – Nov 1949

Clonal Repositories1. Geneva, NY2. Davis, CA3. Corvallis, OR4. Riverside, CA5. Miami, FL6. Hilo, HI 7. College Station, TX8. Mayaguez, PR9. Washington, DC/Beltsville, MD

Base Collection

National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation

(formerly National Seed Storage Laboratory)

Long Term Backup ConservationSeed Viability & Storage Research

National Clonal Germplasm Repositories

Special Collections• Potato - Sturgeon Bay, WI• Small Grain – Aberdeen, ID• Soybean – Urbana, IL • Cotton – College Station, TX• Herbaceous Ornamental – Columbus, OH• Arctic Plant Genetic Resources –

Palmer, AK (Corvallis, OR worksite)• Arid Land Plant Genetic Resources –

Parlier, CA (Davis, CA worksite)

Genetic Stock Collections

• Maize Genetic Stock Center• C.M.Rick Tomato Genetic Stock

Center• Wheat Genetic Stock Center• Barley Genetic Stock Center• Pea Genetic Stock Collection• Rice Genetic Stock Center

National Germplasm Resources Laboratory – Beltsville

1. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Database)

2. Plant Exchange Office

3. Plant Disease Research Unit

NCGR Corvallis – Collection Summary10,500 total plant and seed accessions

(5100 field plants, 7200 screenhouse plants)

Actinidia2%

Corylus9%

Cydonia1%

Fragaria18%

Humulus5%

Mentha6%Mespilus

0%

Pyrus26%

Ribes10%

Rubus11%

Sambucus1%

Sorbus1%

Vaccinium10%

Clonal Accessions

Repository Objectives

Collect

Maintain

Evaluate

Distribute

What FruitsOriginatedin America?

Showing F.C. Reimer traveling while investigating pears in northern China - 1919

Pyrus betulifolia – Fine group of 11 trees, 4 miles east of Tien Chwang, Shantung, China - Fall 1919

9

Hokkaido, Japan - 2009

Malus toringoVaccinium oxycoccos

Actinidia arguta

Vashlovani Nature PreserveEastern Georgia

Pyrus salicifolia

Pyrus caucasicaCaucasus Mountains, Georgia

Zebra Pear (Pysanka, Easter Egg)

Malus orientalis

Raspberries Blackberries

Cornelian “Cherries”

Armenia Figs

Quince (Cydonia oblonga) Garden in Shilda Village (east Georgia)

Henderson Luelling's 1847 “Traveling Nursery" included the following cultivars:

Apples•Baldwin •Bellflower (Yellow Bellflower) •Blue Pearmain•Early Harvest •Gloria Mundi •Golden Russet •Gravenstein•King (Tompkins King) •Newtown •Northern Spy •Rambo •Red Astrachan•Red Cheek Pippin (Monmouth) •Rhode Island Greening •Seek-no-further (Westfield Seek-no-further) •Spitzenburg (EsopusSpitzenburg) •White Winter Pearmain•Winesap

Pears•Bartlett (Williams' Bon Chrétien) •Clapp Favorite •Early Butter (Craig) •Fall Butter (White Doyenné) •Pound •Seckel •Vicar of Winkfield (Curé) •Winter Nelis

Peaches•Early Crawford •Late Crawford •Golden Cling

Cherries•May Duke •Black Bigarreau•Kentish •Royal Anne (Napoleon Bigarreau) •Black Tartarian•Early Purple Guigne

Henderson Luelling

Yellow Bellflower Apple (in SW Portland)

San Juan Island National Park

(Belle Angevine or Pound Pear)

McDonald Forest Homestead Orchards

Photos from Diana Brinn

Repository Objectives

Collect

Maintain

Evaluate

Distribute

ex situ clonal collections:

Orchard

Screenhouse

In vitro Storage

CryogenicStorage

PGR Evaluation

• Virus testing

• Molecular identity

• Chemical qualities antioxidants

• Resistance screening

First SSR markers in blueberry

Fingerprint 72 blueberry cvs. with 28 SSRs

UPGMA cluster analysis, 3 clusters

Fingerprinting: BlueberryPI 554827

PI 618023

PI 554799

PI 554829a

PI 554829b

PI 554841

Chandler

PI 554805

PI 554798

PI 554808

CVAC 1308

PI 554873

PI 554820

PI 554883

PI 554846

PI 554952

PI 554837

PI 554832

PI 618099

PI 554845

PI 554843

PI 554893

PI 554807a

PI 554807b

PI 618035

PI 618164

PI 554817

PI 554821

PI 554833

PI 554810

PI 554816

PI 554815

PI 554825

PI 554894

Liberty

Aurora

Northern Highbush

Draper

PI 554872

PI 555317

PI 618194

Jewel

Star

Oneal

Millennia

Emerald

Santa Fe

Southmoon

PI 554957

PI 618193

Sharpblue

Sapphire

CVAC 1321

PI 554804

PI 554812

PI 554823

PI 554826

PI 618192

PI 267847

PI 296414

PI 296395

PI 554943

PI 267848

PI 296400

PI 296396

PI 267844

PI 554881

PI 554793

PI 296403

PI 554792

PI 554795

Wild V. corymbosum

PI 554880

0.1

Northern Highbush

Southern Highbush

Wild

Nahla Bassil

Anthocyanin Contentof different blueberry cultivars

Wild type From Fla,/Ga.

Plant Distribution 2009

521 requests received

5,800 items shipped