Vapor Intrusion Assessment...

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Vapor Intrusion Vapor Intrusion Assessment ToolsAssessment Tools

Derek W. TomlinsonDerek W. Tomlinson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng., M.A.Sc., P.Eng.Environmental Resources ManagementEnvironmental Resources Management

Exton, Pennsylvania, USAExton, Pennsylvania, USA28 October 200828 October 2008

Overview

• What is Vapor Intrusion?• Guidance Documents• Investigative Tools• Management Options• Questions

Photo: Dave Webb, Ill. DPH

Vapor Intrusion is Real(sometimes visible)

Vapor Intrusion Definition

Vapor Intrusion (VI), the migration of a compound of concern (COC) vapor from a subsurface soil or groundwater source into the indoor air environment of an existing or planned structure. (ASTM 2008)

Vapor Intrusion

IndoorAir

Vadose Zone Soil

Soil and Groundwater

Contamination

Commercial/Industrial Worker

Working over Plume Without BasementResident Living over Plume

Basement or Crawl Space

(USEPA 2002, ITRC 2007)

Migration of volatile chemicals from the subsurface into overlying buildings

Regulatory Vapor Intrusion Guidance

USEPA 2002Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air Pathway from Groundwater and Soilshttp://epa.gov/osw/hazard/correctiveaction/eis/vapor.htm

ITRC 2007 Vapor Intrusion Pathway: A Practical Guidehttp://www.itrcweb.org/teampublic_Vapor.asp

ASTM 2008Standard Practice for Assessment of Vapor Intrusion into Structures on Property Involved in Real Estate Transactions (ASTM E2600)http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2600.htm

General Regulatory Process

• Federal and many State Guidance use multiple lines of evidence approach

• Typically three Tiers evaluating• Groundwater (Soil)

• Soil Gas

• Indoor Air

• Spatial relationship of indoor air contamination to subsurface contamination

• Modeling can also be used to assess

Typical Screening Distances

Petroleum VOCs = 10 m (30 feet)

Other VOCs = 30 m (100 feet)

LNAPL = 30 m (100 feet) Petroleum VOCs = 10 m (30 feet)

Other VOCs = 30 m (100 feet)

Multiple Lines of EvidenceApproach

1. Groundwater2. Soil gas3. Sub-slab soil gas4. Indoor air

PetroChlorinated VOCs Freshwater Lens

Groundwater

Groundwater Assessment Tools

• Direct-push tools• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

• Waterloo Profiler

• Passive diffusion bag samplers• Low-flow purging and sampling• Volume-averaged purge and sample

Groundwater – Membrane Interface Probe (MIPs)

(Photo courtesy Geoprobe)

(image courtesy Geoprobe)

(Images courtesy R. Joseph Fiacco, Jr, ERM)

Groundwater –Waterloo Profiler™

(Photo courtesy Geoprobe)

(Images courtesy R. Joseph Fiacco, Jr, ERM)

(Image courtesy R. Joseph Fiacco, Jr, ERM)

Example Profiling Data

Groundwater – Passive Diffusion Bag Samplers

• Use in monitoring wells

• Limited to VOCs• Diffusion of VOCs

through membrane• 2 week

implacement

Groundwater – Traditional Methods

• Low-Flow Purging and Sampling• Samples collected at a low flow 100 to 250 mL/min

• Parameters (DO, ORP, Eh, pH) monitored until stable and sample collected

• Able to target shallow water

• Volume-averaged Purge and Sampling• Not recommended for new data related to vapor

intrusion as concentration averaged

In Well Transport

• Wells that are screened over a large distance may sample deeper water

• Key for VI assessment is shallow water

Silty Sand

LNAPL - Laser Induced Florescence (LIF)

(courtesy Dakota Technologies)

Soil Gas Assessment Methods

• Active sampling• Direct push temporary and permanent points

• Permanent wells

• Passive sampling• Passive diffusion samplers (e.g., Gore Sorbers)

Soil Gas Sample Locations

Building Exterior> 3 m (10 ft) from slab

Sub-SlabSamples collected

beneath the slab

Near Slab< 3 m (10 ft) from slab

Soil Gas Sample Locations

• Soil gas profile may be affected by building

• More significant for biodegradable compounds

(Johnson & Abreu, 2006)

Soil Gas Sampling Wells

Temporary Rod Used for Sampling

(Photo courtesy B. Hartman, H&P Mobile Geochemistry)

Temporary Soil Vapor Implants

(Photo courtesy B. Hartman, H&P Mobile Geochemistry)

Installing Sub-slab soil point

Permanent Temporary

Typical fittings – Permanent Point

Soil Gas Point Tightness Testing• Add helium (He) to shroud• Sample directly with helium

detector from the soil gas point

• Collect Tedlar and screen air within Tedlar

• Laboratory screening

• <5% He in extracted air point passes test

• Fails re-seal and re-test

HeHe He

Purging Permanent Subslab Soil Gas Point

Subslab Sample Collection- Permanent Point

Sub-Slab Sample CollectionSubslab Sample Collection – Temporary Point

Near Slab Sample Collection– Permanent Point

Soil Gas – Passive• GORE-TEX® Membrane

• Chemically inert, waterproof, vapor permeable

• Designed for vapor diffusion• Hydrophobic, engineered sorbents

• VOCs, SVOCs, PAHs

Sampler insertion

Hammer drill

Slam barHammer drill Module insertion

(photos & image courtesy J. HodnyW. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.)

Passive SamplerExample Results- TCE

(Image courtesy Dr. J. Hodny, W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.)

Indoor Air Assessment Methods

• Active sampling• Summa Canisters

• Sorbent Tubes

• Passive sampling• Passive diffusion samplers (e.g., Gore Sorbers)

Indoor Air Sampling - Summa Canisters

• Summa Canister used for indoor air sampling

• 30 day hold times• 6 L stainless steel canister with flow

controller, moisture trap, and pressure gauge

• Regulated to collect either:• 8 hr sample – Commercial

• 24 hr sample – Residential

• Analyzed via either TO-14a or TO-15

Sample Volumes

Indoor AirSampling

• Typically, co-located with sub-slab location

• Sample breathing zone

Indoor Air Sampling – Sorbent Tubes

• Based on VOC or SVOC, tubes are different and flow rates/sample rate/ times vary

• Must be shipped at 4°C• Limited hold times• Analyzed via TO-17

Passive Air Sampling

• AirCrawlspace airIndoor air

(photos & image courtesy J. HodnyW. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.)

Assessing Lines of EvidenceAssemble as many lines as necessary

Chemistry of Air Samples:Breakdown productsIn-building sourcesOutdoor air qualityFresh vs weathered petroBasement vs upper floors

ModelingJohnson & EttingerSite-specific inputs

Totality of Evidence For VI

Totality of Evidence Against VI

Conceptual Site Model

Management Options

1. Remediation2. Institutional Controls3. Mitigation

Mitigation Methods

• Passive Systems• Vapor Barriers• Passive Venting

• Active Systems• Sub-Slab Depressurization• Sub-Membrane Depressurization• Sub-Slab Pressurization• Building Pressurization• Indoor Air Treatment

(ITRC, 2007)

(Courtesy Liquid Boot)

Questions?

Derek W. Tomlinson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng.derek.tomlinson@erm.com

Environmental Resources Managementwww.erm.com

Vapor Intrusion Assessment...

Documents

PEFC Global Statistics: SFM & CoC Certification · 458 CoC Central and South America 6.1 million ha 2% TCA 144 CoC Africa 10 CoC Europe 96.5 million ha 30.8% TCA 9,449 CoC Oceania

Zertifizierungsdrucker-20141120092417 - IGEPA · Das FSC@-Zertifikat umfasst neben dem o.g. Betrieb folgende Standorte: COC-001203-A: COC-001203-B: coc-001203-c: COC-001203-D: COC-001203-E:

PBI COC+ (JD) (COC+ — ) (COC) (COC) 75747

NJDEP – GOLDER SUBSURFACE VAPOR INTRUSION

ME423€¦ · que pâtisserie. ES | Convección, vapor, mixto convección y vapor. Convección con o sin humidificador, coc-ciòn con sonda interior, regeneraraciòn y mante-nimiento

User's Guide for Evaluating Subsurface Vapor Intrusion into Buildingsdtsc.ca.gov/AssessingRisk/upload/VI_USEPA_Users-gui… · · 2004-02-222004-02-22 · EVALUATING SUBSURFACE

Before Starting the CoC Application...Before Starting the CoC Application The CoC Consolidated Application is made up of two parts: the CoC Application and the CoC Priority Listing,

Petroleum Vapor Intrusion from Subsurface to Indoor Air .../media/files/ehs/clean_water/ground_water_quality... · Petroleum Vapor Intrusion from Subsurface to Indoor Air: ... and

Before Starting the CoC Application - Ventura County, Californiavcportal.ventura.org/COC/pdf/Final FY16 CoC Application.pdf · 2016-09-13 · 1A. Continuum of Care (CoC) Identification

lohnson and Ettinger (1991) Model for Subsurface Vapor Intrusion into Buildings Alamos National Labs... · 2013-04-26 · Johnson and Ettinger (1991) Model for Subsurface Vapor Intrusion

SACS-COC ) SACS-COC) COC - reg.uga.edu

Assessment of Subsurface Hydrocarbon Contamination ... · Applications of geochemistry, magnetics, and remote sensing, D. Schumacher and L. A. LeSchack, ... The sources of the vapor,

Case Study of Subsurface Vapor Intrusion at a Dry …iavi.rti.org/attachments/Resources/Day-Nichols_DryCleaner.pdf · Case Study of Subsurface Vapor Intrusion at a Dry ... • Fourth

Fulton Schools of Engineering P. C. Johnson 2011€¦ · VI is a dynamic process reflecting vapor source, subsurface, building, occupant, and weather characteristics Similar to, but

APA ITU - deden08m.files.wordpress.com · ASPEK COC •COC bukan mrp biaya sesungguhnya. •COC menunjukkan tingkat minimum keuntungan. •COC berhubungan erat dengan struktur modal

User''s Guide for Evaluating Subsurface Vapor Intrusion

User's Guide for Evaluating Subsurface Vapor Intrusion ...€¦ · EVALUATING SUBSURFACE VAPOR INTRUSION INTO BUILDINGS Prepared By Environmental Quality Management, Inc. Cedar Terrace

Vapor Intrusion. What is Vapor Intrusion? The migration of volatile chemical vapors from the subsurface to overlying buildings

In-Well Vapor StrippingTechnology - Contaminated … · In-Well Vapor StrippingTechnology Subsurface Contaminants ... URS/Dames & Moore, (847) 228-0707, ext. 131, fax (847) ... Mr

โปรแกรม Thai COC เพื่อการดูแลผู้ป่วยต่อเนื่องอย่างไร้ ... · โปรแกรม thai coc