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The Rise of Feudalism:
Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims…OH MY!
What is
FEUDALISM
???
Feudalism is…
A political, social & economic system in which loyalty is exchanged for
service.
Feudalism
Definition
• System of
promises between
lords and vassals
Purpose
• Safety from
invaders and other
kings/nobles
Feudalism
• Created by the
Franks in the
800s
• 1066 spreads to
England by
William the
Conqueror
So what…
It’s a political system because:
–A king divides his
KINGDOM/ LAND/ TERRITORY
- It is MANAGED
& DEFENDED
Williamstonia
a. Managing Land
Run by Lord Jack
Run by Noble
Joe
Run by Noble Bob
Run by Lord Laura
Run by Lord
Nathan
King W can relax a bit…
Monarch still “owns” the kingdom but he has Nobles/Lords to manage it for him.
Nobles & Lords are VASSALS to the king
– Promise their loyalty
– Promise to defend the land
– Promise to give soldiers (knights) for battle
– Promise to pay Taxes/Tribute when needed
Go On…
SOCIAL SYSTEM TOO!
–Social Classes are guaranteed.
–Vassal: anyone who promises LOYALTY for land/fief/etc.
Lords
• Loyal to the king
• Ruled land as
independent
territories
• Required knights
to protect land
Lords
Duties
• Give vassals or
knights fiefs in
return for
protection
• Treat vassals fairly
• Help vassals if
attacked
Vassals
Definition
• Someone who
promised
support in
exchange for
land
Vassals
Duties
• Fight for lord
• Give lords $$ on
special
occasions
• Provide lord food
and shelter
Question
How could a noble be both a lord and a
vassal?
Answer: A noble could receive land
from a lord or king and in turn grant
land to a lower-ranking noble.
Knights
• Warriors who
fought on
horseback
• Vassals to
lords
• Received fiefs
Question
Why would being a knight hold such a
high position in society?
Possible answers:
• Required lots of money for equipment
• Had to train for many years
The Lowest of the LOWWWW!
• Peasants – sort of free, still poor »Manual Labor
• Serfs – tied to the land = slaves –Menial Manual Labor
–Check p. 243 & 245-6 & list 5 things
Serfs had to do or were responsible for:
Draw and fill in
Serfs
Peasants
Serfs
• tied to the land
• paid to use
resources
Peasants
• could leave
• few owned
land
•Farmed
•Received
protection
•Paid with
crops
FEUDALISM
Economic System because “all” trade, business, etc. takes place at the manor.
“STUFF” is exchanged for service
– e.g. A knight’s PROTECTION
Is exchanged for some of the Lord’s Land
Is exchanged for Food from Serfs Labor
The Manor should produce everything they need
Manors • Large estate
owned by a Lord or
wealthy knight
– Collected taxes
– Punished people
• Included large
house/castle,
pastures, fields,
and forests and
village
Manor Church
Pasture
Fallow Land
Life on the Manor
Manors • Peasants and serfs
– Allowed to farm land
on the manor
– Did not own land
– Largest group of
people
• Skilled workers
– Produced everything a
lord and manor may
need on site
REVIEW
1) Everyone owed loyalty to the ________
2) _______ were really the most powerful. They got _______ from the king.
3) Knights gave _________ _________ in return for land.
4) _______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ____________.
5) __________ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to.
Let’s see how much you remember!
Check Your Answers 1) Everyone owed loyalty to the king.
2) Nobles were really the most powerful. They got land from the king.
3) Knights gave military service in return for land.
4) Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in return for protection.
5) Peasants were skilled workers. They paid rent to the lords and were free to move if they wanted to.
Medieval = Middle Ages Between two Classic
Ages
1. The Roman Empire
INSERT HERE
3. Renaissance Europe
THE END
HW
• Create and write a sentence for 10 of the vocabulary words we learned today that helps you remember what each is. (Thus, 10 sentences are expected)
Prompt
Give advice: How should your king and lord defend against Viking attacks?
Feudalism p. 242
• A system called “feudalism” developed as a response to the lightning-fast attacks of their enemies and a way for kings to keep order in their lands
Knight
• S define Knight p. 242
Nobles (nobility)
• Nobles: “of, belonging to, or constituting a hereditary class that has special social or political status in a country or state; of or pertaining to the aristocracy”.
Nobility is usually hereditary
• Hereditary: “The transmission of qualities from parents to offspring”
Nobles are part of the Aristocracy (Aristocrat)
• Aristocracy: “The upper class. The nobility”.
Lord
• Use p. 242 to define Lord under “Knights and Land” using the word noble in your definition
Vassal
• Use p. 243 to define Vassal.
Fief
• Fief: A piece of land given by a lord to a vassal in exchange for military service
William the Conqueror
• Use p. 244 to answer the following questions:
• Where was William from?
• William was from Normandy, in northwestern France –By the tip that sticks
Out
– Where we launched
our D-Day invasion in WWII
William the Conqueror
• Why was William called “the conqueror”?
• William conquered England (Britain).
William the Conqueror
• How did William reward his knights?
William the Conqueror
• How do you think this reward helped King William rule Britain?
Feudalism
• Define Feudalism using p. 243
Manor
• Define Manor p. 245
Peasant
• Peasant: “a member of a class of persons, as in Europe, Asia, and Latin America, who are small farmers or farm laborers of low social rank”.
Serf
• Serf: “a person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord, commonly attached to the lord's land and transferred with it from one owner to another”.
After the Roman Empire
There is a POWER VACUUM – Vacuum: a space not filled or occupied;
emptiness; void
WEAK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
LACK OF EFFECTIVE LAW
VULNERABILITY
Threat of Invasion
Vikings
Magyars
Muslims
AND MORE!
No more large cities, trade, scholarship.
With all the disease, riots, outside attacks and starvation people fled the cities of the once strong Roman empire.
In Europe, people now lived on manors, self-sufficient communities consisting of a castle, church, village and surrounding farmlands.
In the Feudal Society, there were Kings and Queens, Nobles, Knights, and Peasants.
All of them had responsibilities to one another.
Finally, Some Leaders
Carolus Magnus = Charles the Great = Charlemagne
Unites a new empire based in Christianity
Falls apart after his death.
SECURITY first,
build from there…
Monarch
Owned all the land in the kingdom
Gave land or fiefs to powerful lords for protection
A Lord’s Duties
Because they couldn’t depend on protection from their kings, lords had to defend their own lands.
Had to send help to the king during times of war.
Many lords built castles, which provided security in time of war
Castles
Motte and Bailey Castle
13th Century Castle
Knights
To defend their lands, nobles needed soldiers. The best soldiers were knights, warriors who fought on horseback.
Nobles gave knights fiefs, or pieces of land, instead of money for their military service.
In return for the land, a knight promised to support the noble in battle.
Peasants and Serfs
Serfs were workers who were tied to the land on which they lived. Serfs were not allowed to leave without their lord’s permission.
Peasants paid rent to the lord and were free to leave the land.
Farm labor was hard, and peasants usually worked in the fields late into the night.
Peasants and serfs received protection in return for working the land.
Oath of Fealty
By the Lord before whom this sanctuary is holy, I will to he be true and faithful, and love all which he loves and shun all which he shuns, according to the laws of God and the order of the world. Nor will I ever with will or action, through word or deed, do anything which is unpleasing to him, on condition that he will hold to me as I shall deserve it, and that he will perform everything as it was in our agreement when I submitted myself to
him and chose his will.
REVIEW
1) Everyone owed loyalty to the ________
2) _______ were really the most powerful. They got _______ from the king.
3) Knights gave _________ _________ in return for land.
4) _______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ____________.
5) __________ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to.
Let’s see how much you remember!
Check Your Answers 1) Everyone owed loyalty to the king.
2) Nobles were really the most powerful. They got land from the king.
3) Knights gave military service in return for land.
4) Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in return for protection.
5) Peasants were skilled workers. They paid rent to the lords and were free to move if they wanted to.
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