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Summary
introduction sentence
authortext typetitle
textsourcepublish datemain topic
summary
most important informations (1/3 rule)
Dos
own words1/3 ruleconnectives
linkin wordsavoid repetitions
Donts
detailsexamples
judgementinterpretation
background knowledgeown opinioncreate suspencedirect speech
Helpful WordsDescribing Trends
chartsbarchart, pie chart, line chart, X axis, Yaxis
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Reporting words
These words are useful for integrating references into yourwriting. Suggest(s) (that)
Maintain(s) (that)
Argue(s) (that) Found (that)According (to) Promote(s)Outline(s) Establish(ed) (by)
Focus(es) on Asserts (that)Define(s) Show(s)Conclude(s) (that) Claim(s) (that)State(s) Report(s)Mention(s) Address(es)
Linking words and phrases
Sequence
First, firstly, second, secondly, third,thirdlynext, last, finallyin addition, moreoverfurthermorealsoIn conclusion, to summariseThe first The/a second.One..Another ..An additional.Addition
In additionFurthermore
Alsoandas well as
Cause
Forbecause
sinceas
because ofto causeEffect
Soas a resultas a consequencethereforethusconsequentlyhenceto result from
due toas a result/consequenceofto result into affect
Emphasis
UndoubtedlyIndeedObviouslyGenerallyAdmittedlyIn theory/factParticularlyEspeciallyClearly
Comparison
SimilarlyLikewiseAlsoTooas
just as
andlike
just likesimilar to
be similar to/ the same asbe alikenot onlybut alsoto compare to/with
Contrast
HoweverNeverthelessNonethelessStillAlthough, Even though,though
butyetDespite , In spite ofIn contrast, IncomparisonWhile, whereasOn the other handOn the contraryBut
Example
For exampleFor instanceThat isSuch asIncluding
Namely
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addiction Suchtto be addictet to schtig seinto be dependant on abhngig sein vonhealth Gesundheitto be healthy gesund sein
criticize --> kritisierensatirize --> satirisch darstellenridicule --> lcherlich machenmock --> verspottencondemn --> verspottenconvey --> vermittelnintention --> Absichtsymbolizes --> symbolisiertimplies --> darauf hindeutenexaggerate --> bertreiben
superficial --> oberflchlich
English topics
The life 15 years ago (How was it and what changed till today?)
Tech addiction (Who has problems and why?)
How much do you use different things ( internet playing games, social networking sites, MP3Player, Blackberrys, TV, Laptop)
Smart phone addiction in general
Smart devices and Networking options
WOW
Smooking and Drinking
analysing cartoons and caricatures
headline berschriftsubheadline zweite berschriftcaption Bildunterschriftspeech bubble Sprechblaseforeground Vordergrund
background Hintergrundmessage Botschaft
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prepositions in cartoons or picture analysis
in the picture above ber below unter
describing a picture
1. Read the title or caption first. Then look carefully to see what the main theme of the picturematerial is. (Example: The cartoon positive proof of global warming painted by anunknown artist should show the viewer the development of the global warming, as a funnymetaphor for that the painter uses the shrinking of female panties in the same time period.)
2. Describe the picture material systematically (describe just things you want to use later orwhich are related to the meaning of the comic)
analysing an picture
1. for a picture/photoWhat is the artist/photographer trying to say? How does he say it (technique/colour/...)?What effects does it have on the viewer / me?
2. for a poster/cartoonWho was it made for (newspaper, charity, political or advertising campaign)? Where andwhen did it appear? What is it trying to say/criticize/encouragepeople/me to do?
3. Own meaning
Struktur Cartoon
Einleitung Was sagt der Cartoon aus (in my opinion the cartoon is supposed to) Beschreiben mit welchen Mitteln sag der es aus Own oppinion (ist der cartoon gut?)
Comment / model version (elaborate version) introduction1:
Smoking is always an important topic at schools because many teenagers start smoking in youngyears. We often hear about different activities to stop teenagers from smoking. So it makes sense todiscuss the question if all these measures are useless or not.
Struktur Kommentar (siehe Deutsch)
Einleitung (siehe oben) (aktuelles Ereignis o..) Pro und Contra Argumente (linear/laufendeAntithetik/Antithetik im Block) Synthese (Kompromis) Schluss (Eigene Meinung, Fazit,Appell, Ausblick)
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Unternehmenskulturen
Gemeinschaftliche Unternehmenskultur
-offener und freundlicher Arbeitsplatz-Focusierung auf Gruppenarbeit und Strukturen-Entwicklung der Mitarbeiter ist wichtig
-niedrige Hierarchien
Erschaffende Unternehmenskultur
-schneller, innovativer Arbeitsplatz-Betonung auf Langzeitwachtum-Entwicklung und erschlieung einzigartiger Produkte und Recourcen-Marktfhrerschaft-individuelle Freiheit und persnliche Initiative sind wichtig-es wird ermutigt Risiken einzugehen
Kontrollierte Unternehmenskultur
-straffe Strucktur und sehr formell-gut durchorganisiert und effizient-Systemstabilitt
Wettbewerbsorientierte Unternehmensfhrung
-Wettbewerbs und Zielorientiert-Betonung auf Gewinn-Erfolg bedeutet Marktteilhabe-Marktfhrerschaft, Erfolg und Ansehen wichtig
Recent trends in the workplace
flexitime: Gleitzeit Angestellte arbeiten eine feste Zeit von Stunden, aber knnen Anfang und Endefrei whlen
hotdesk: Man kann an jedem freien Schreibtisch oder PC arbeiten.
Jobshare: Verantwortungen und Gehalt eines Arbeitsplatzes auf zwei Personen aufteilen, die zuverschiedenen Zeiten arbeiten.
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Comment writing Step by Step
question:
Does it sense to teach pupils about the benefits and dangers of social networks at school?
1.) Think about which aspects of the question are important (here: school, benefits and dangers,social networks)2.) Take notes:
Make a list of the different arguments in in favour of the question and against it and decideabout your own opinion
3.) Make a ranking of the arguments (which argument isimportant which is not so important)4.) Write the introduction either relating to recent events or discussions or to the text.
If you are not sure how to put the question into your own words copy it. ("...")5.) Start with the strongest arguments against your opinion:
" I would like to look at the counter arguments first."Link the arguments with suitable phrases (furthermore, moreover....)
6.) Lead over to the pro arguments:"On the other hand we also have to consider the arguments in favour of the question."Start with the weakest argument and finish with the strongest (use linking phrases"
7.) Write a conclusion, stating your own opinion and give reasons for it.
example:You can see that the positive arguments outweigh the negative ones and therefore come to theconclusion that it makes sense to teach young people about the benefits and dangers of social networksat school
Construction of comment arguments------
-------+++++++++++++
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