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VU Rendering SS 2015186.101
Thomas AuzingerKároly Zsolnai
Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms (E186)Vienna University of Technology
http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/staff/ThomasAuzinger.htmlhttp://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/staff/KarolyZsolnai.html
Unit 01 – IntroductionVU Rendering SS 2015
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Overview
OrganizationTopicsDefinitionHistory and ContextLecture ScopeBasic Optics
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Course Organization
HomepageTISS: https://tiss.tuwien.ac.at/course/courseList.xhtml
(search for ‘Rendering’)Institute: http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/courses/Rendering
Registration in TISS (until 24.3.)Lecture dates of SS 2015: 11.3., 18.3., …(all further announced at least a week before)13:30 – 15:00, Seminar room 186
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Course Organization
NotesLecture slides on the homepage after each lectureAdditional literature on the homepageGrading
AssignmentsHands-on exercises with rendering programs and mathematical problemsFinal oral examAbout the course material and the assignments
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Course Organization
LiteraturePhysically Based Rendering, Second EditionM.Pharr and G. Humphreys
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Course Organization
LiteratureMore literature and references to scientific papers on the homepage
Any questions?
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Topics
Rendering theoryBasic optics, rendering equation, filteringRendering algorithmsRay tracing, radiosity, (bi-directional) path tracing, Metropolis light transport, precomputed radiance transfer, (stochastic progressive) photon mapping, irradiance cachingAcceleration techniquesSpatial hierarchies, sampling strategiesSurface representationsBRDF models: Phong, Oren-Nayar, Cook-Torrance
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Topics
Participating media(Subsurface) Scattering, volumetric photon mapping, photon beamsHigher dimensional effectsMotion blur, depth of fieldCamera modelsPost processingHDR, tone mapping
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Definition
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
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Definition
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
Teglverksgata 2, Google StreetView Teglverksgata 2, P. Guthries
d
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Definition
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
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Definition
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
image + model – comp: painting, photography
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Definition
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
image + model – comp: painting, photographymodel + comp – image: 3D printing, sound rendering
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Definition
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
image + model – comp: painting, photographymodel + comp – image: 3D printing, sound renderingimage + comp – model: abstract graphics
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Definition
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
image + model – comp: painting, photographymodel + comp – image: 3D printing, sound renderingimage + comp – model: abstract graphics
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History and Context
PrehistoricCave Paintings (~30 000 BC)
Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc, France (from http://donsmaps.com/chauvetcave.html)17
History and Context
AntiquityRoman Art (~100 BC)
Alexander mosaic, Popeii18
History and Context
Middle AgesBook Illustration (~1165)
Book print from the gospel book of Kruszwica, Helmarshausen Abbey19
History and Context
Renaissance(Re)discovery of Perspective
Filippo Brunelleschi (early 15th century)20
History and Context
Renaissance
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)21
History and Context
RomanticismDaguerreotype (1838)
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (1787 - 1851)22
History and Context
Modern PaintingImpressionism
Water Lilies - Claude Monet (1840 - 1926)23
History and Context
Modern PaintingCubism
Three Musicians - Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973)24
History and Context
Modern PaintingAction Painting
Autumn Rhythm - Jackson Pollock (1912 - 1956)25
History and Context
Postmodern PaintingHyperrealism
Hot Day III - Pedro Campos (1966 - )26
History and Context
PhotographyDigital Photography
Exploded view of a digital single-lens reflex camera27
History and Context
PhotographyComputational Photography
Ng R., Fourier Slice Photography, in SIGGRAPH 200528
Definition
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
image + model – comp: painting, photographymodel + comp – image: 3D printing, sound renderingimage + comp – model: abstract graphics
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History and Context
Alternative Output3D Printing
CNN30
History and Context
Alternative OutputSound
Zheng C., James D.L., Harmonic Fluids, in SIGGRAPH 200931
Lecture Scope
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
Model Rendering Image Display
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Lecture Scope
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
3D Scene Rendering Image Display
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Lecture Scope
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
3D Scene
Light Simulation
Image Display
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Lecture Scope
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
3D Scene
Light Simulation
2D Raster Image Display
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Lecture Scope
Rendering [ren-der-ing]:The process of generating an image from a model, by
means of a computer program.
3D Scene
Light Simulation
2D Raster Image
2D Display
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Lecture Scope
ApplicationsGames/SimulatorsInteractive Modeling/DesignAugmented/Virtual Reality/TelepresenceMovies/VFXE-CommerceArchitectureIndustrial Design
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Lecture Scope
ApplicationsGames/SimulatorsInteractive Modeling/DesignAugmented/Virtual Reality/TelepresenceMovies/VFXE-CommerceArchitectureIndustrial Design
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Lecture Scope
ApplicationsGames/SimulatorsInteractive Modeling/DesignAugmented/Virtual Reality/TelepresenceMovies/VFXE-CommerceArchitectureIndustrial Design
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Lecture Scope
ImmersionInteractive/realtime performance paramountRealism a secondary goal or not desiredDominated by rasterizationRay-based rendering is coming but not there yet
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Lecture Scope
Skyrim, (from http://www.flickr.com/javiercc)41
Lecture Scope
Joint Terminal Attack Controller Virtual Trainer Dome, (from http://gizmodo.com/315435)42
Lecture Scope
ApplicationsGames/SimulatorsInteractive Modeling/DesignAugmented/Virtual Reality/TelepresenceMovies/VFXE-CommerceArchitectureIndustrial Design
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Lecture Scope
Believable RealismArtistic expression paramountRealism a secondary goal or not desiredRenderMan, Maya, 3DMax, …
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Lecture Scope
Brave, Pixar45
Lecture Scope
Gravity, Warner Bros. Pictures46
Lecture Scope
ApplicationsGames/SimulatorsInteractive Modeling/DesignAugmented/Virtual Reality/TelepresenceMovies/VFXE-CommerceArchitectureIndustrial Design
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Lecture Scope
PredictionPhysically correct result paramountRealism the primary goalConstrained to physically possible scenesRadiance, Brazil, Maxwell, …
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Lecture Scope
Kitchen, Taller Arquitectura Virtual49
Lecture Scope
Gemstone, GT Jewelry Design50
Lecture Scope
Ocean Rocker, Toni Fresnedo (design Jolyon Yates)51
Lecture Scope
ApplicationsGames/SimulatorsInteractive Modeling/DesignAugmented/Virtual Reality/TelepresenceMovies/VFXE-CommerceArchitectureIndustrial Design
VO/UE Computer GraphicsVU Realtime Graphics
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Lecture Scope
ApplicationsGames/SimulatorsInteractive Modeling/DesignAugmented/Virtual Reality/TelepresenceMovies/VFXE-CommerceArchitectureIndustrial Design
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Lecture Scope
3D Scene
Light Simulation
2D Raster Image
2D Display
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Basic Optics
Light
3D Scene
Light Simulation
2D Raster Image
2D Display
Spectrum of electromagnetic radiation (from wikipedia)55
Basic Optics
Quantum Electrodynamics
Light Simulation
Feynman diagrams of compton scattering56
Basic Optics
Classical Electrodynamics
Light Simulation
Electromagnetic wave57
Basic Optics
Physical Optics
Light Simulation
Diffraction and interference at a double-slit (© McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.)58
Basic Optics
Geometrical Optics
Light Simulation
Ray tracing for a lens (from wikipedia)59
Basic Optics
RadiometryMeasurements of light distribution in space and time
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Basic Optics
RadiometryMeasurements of light distribution in space and time
Radiant energy Energy of the light
Radiant flux / radiant powerEnergy per unit of time
Phyical unit
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Basic Optics
Flux too unspecific as it contains no spatial or directional information on the light distribution.
We introduce these quantities in the following slides and start with a directional description of flux (i.e. in which direction is more less flux).
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Basic Optics
Radiant IntensityEmanated flux per solid angle of a point source
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Basic Optics
Radiant IntensityEmanated flux per solid angle of a point source
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Basic Optics
Radiant Intensity
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Basic Optics
Radiant Intensity
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Basic Optics
Radiant IntensityIsotropic point source
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Basic Optics
Radiant IntensityIsotropic point source
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Basic Optics
We also want to describe the spatial distribution of flux on surfaces (i.e. at which location on the surface is more or less flux arriving or departing).
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Basic Optics
IrradianceFlux per unit area incident on a
surface
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Basic Optics
IrradianceFlux per unit area incident on a
surface
Radiant exitanceFlux per unit area emitted from a
surface
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Basic Optics
IrradianceFlux per unit area incident on a
surface
Radiant exitanceFlux per unit area emitted from a
surface
RadiosityFlux per unit area emitted +
reflected from a surface
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Basic Optics
The fundamental description of light in the context of ractracing is both a spatial and directional quantitiy (i.e. at which location on a surface and to which direction more or less flux is emitted).
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Basic Optics
RadianceFlux per unit area per solid angle per projected unit
area
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Basic Optics
RadianceFlux per unit area per solid angle per projected unit
area
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Basic Optics
RadianceUniform diffuse area source (with radius )
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Basic Optics
Spectral quantitiesRadiometric quantity per wavelength
e.g. spectral radiance
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Basic Optics
PhotometryMeasurements of perceived brightness of light
distribution in space and time
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Basic Optics
PhotometryMeasurements of perceived brightness of light
distribution in space and time
Spectral eye sensitivity
Schubert E., Light-Emitting Diodes, ISBN 978052186538879
Basic Optics
ConversionMultiplication with eye sensitivity function for each
wavelength
e.g. radiance luminance
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Basic Optics
Radiometry / Photometry
Radiometricquantity Symbol Unit Photometric
quantity Symbol Unit
Radiant energy [J] joule Luminous energy [lm s] talbot
Radiant flux [W] watt Luminous flux [lm] lumen
Radiant intensity [W sr-1] Luminous intensity [cd] candela
Radiance [W sr-1 m-1] Luminance [cd m-2] nit
Irradiance [W m-2] Illuminance [lx] lux
Radiant exitance [W m-2] Luminous emittance [lx]
Radiosity [W m-2] Luminosity [lx]
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Assignment 0
RadiometryAssuming the sun as a point light source with a total radiant flux of
3.86x1026 Watt, what is the Irradiance outside the atmosphere of Mars at the equator?
Assuming a perfect solar collector stationed outside the atmosphere (that transforms all incoming light into electricity), how much area does it need to cover to replace the world’s largest nuclear power plant (Kashiwazaki-Kariwa, Japan, 8212MW)?
Hints: Consult http://candela.stanford.edu/lectures/09_radiometry/radiometry_slides.pdf Consult PBRT 5.5.3 The final answer is ~13.5km2
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Assignment 0
How to submit via emailThe result has to be sent to BOTH of us in an email. Either as text in
the email or as an attachment to it.
The format of both the email SUBJECT and the attachment FILENAME has to be as follows:
[Rendering_SS2015_($assignment_number)]_($your_matriculation_number),($your_name)
e.g. [Rendering_SS2015_0]_0123456,John Doe
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Assignment 0
Deadline24.03.2015 23:59
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Teaser
Next lecture18.03.2015 13:30-15:00
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