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Warm up!
What is the difference between Isothermal and Adiabatic?
Describe the difference using the relationship between Internal energy(U), heat(Q), work (W), temperature (T)
U = Q - W
Isothermal
T1 = T2
P1V1 = P2V2 ΔT = 0 ΔU = 3/2 nR ΔT ΔU = 0 Q - W = 0 Q = W
Heat input = work output
ADABIATIC (isentropic)
No heat exchange with the environment
Q =0 ΔT ≠ 0
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 ΔU = – W 3/2 nRT = - W - 3/2 nrΔT = W Work output depends
on negative change of internal energy
In a cyclical process ΔU=0 Since ΔU=0 0 = Q – W W = Q
But not all Q is converted to Work, thus W = Qh – Qc (cyclical process)
W net work done by system
REVIEW
Review Engine
Heat flows from a HOT reservoir ( or HEAT source) to a COLD reservoir ( or Heat Sink)
QH = remove from, absorbs = hot
QC= exhausts to, expels = cold
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The bottom line:1)Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold
body2)Nothing is 100% efficient
Review Engines
The Diesel Engine
"compression ignition" rather than "spark ignition”
Air is compressed adiabatically
compression raises the temperature of the fuel mixture
The Diesel Engine
a –b ( adiabatic compression)
b –c (Isobaric combustion process)
c –d (adiabatic expansion a power stoke)
d –a ( isochoric, isovolumetric exhaust)
Diesel cycle
Win – done by the piston compression
Qin –done by combustion of fuel
Wout –done by working fluid expanding and pushing the piston ( usable work)
Qout –done by venting air
Wnet = Qin – Qout
W = Qh – Qc
Refrigeration cycle,
1- Compressor constrict the refrigerant vapor, increasing pressure, pushes into coils
2-Hot gas meets cool air in the kitchen, liquefy
3-Liquid at high pressure, refrigerant cools down in.
4- The refrigerant absorbs heat inside fridge, cooling down the air
5 – refrigerant cools down to gas, goes back to the compressor. Cycle repeats.
FridgeVapor Compression Cycle – A: hot
compartment (kitchen), B: cold compartment (refrigerator box), I:
Insulated 1: Condenser, 2: Expansion valve, 3:
Evaporator unit, 4: Compressor
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