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July 2012
The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation
2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS
Summary and Chartpack
WHAT’S NEW IN PUBLIC OPINION ON HIV/AIDS? HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE WASHINGTON POST/KAISER FAMILY FOUNDATION
2012 SURVEY OF AMERICANS ON HIV/AIDS Leading up to the 2012 International AIDS Conference in Washington, DC, The Washington Post and the Kaiser Family Foundation conducted a joint survey of the American public’s attitudes, awareness, and experiences related to HIV and AIDS. This survey is the 24th in a series of surveys on a wide range of topics that have been conducted as part of the Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation Survey Project since 1995. It also builds on Kaiser’s extensive survey work on HIV/AIDS, comprised of eight previous surveys on the topic between 1995 and 2011, including one in 2002 that was also conducted as part of the partnership series with The Washington Post. The summary below highlights noteworthy findings from the new survey, building on the trends identified in Kaiser’s previous survey work, and the accompanying charts provide a more detailed picture of the survey findings. SECTION 1: KEY THEMES AND NOTEWORTHY TRENDS IN PUBLIC OPINION ON THE U.S. HIV EPIDEMIC SINCE HIV/AIDS AT 30 In 2011, Kaiser released a comprehensive report on the state of American public opinion on HIV/AIDS as the epidemic marked its 30th year. Many of the themes and trends identified in HIV/AIDS at 30: A Public Opinion Perspective are updated and reinforced by the findings of the current survey, and are summarized broadly below. In the more than 30 years since AIDS was first identified, American public opinion has ebbed and flowed as the initial panic subsided, the disease became better understood, and scientific advances have allowed people with HIV to live longer and healthier lives. Americans are far less likely to view the disease as an urgent national threat now than when AIDS first emerged in the 1980s, while at the same time, the issue’s visibility has also declined and fewer Americas report hearing about HIV/AIDS. Still, support for government spending to combat the disease has remained strong over the years, with the vast majority of Americans saying that federal government spends too little or about the right amount on HIV/AIDS, and most saying that increased spending on HIV prevention and treatment will lead to meaningful progress in slowing the domestic epidemic. Over the years, Americans’ optimism regarding the country’s progress against the disease has outweighed pessimism, and the gap has grown wider in recent years. Despite these feelings of progress, the public acknowledges that there are ongoing challenges in access to treatment in the U.S., and many still have misconceptions about the disease and how it is transmitted. For example, in 2012 roughly a quarter of Americans do not know that HIV cannot be transmitted by sharing a drinking glass, almost exactly the same share as in 1987. Since the early years of the epidemic, personal familiarity with people living with HIV has increased, and over four in ten Americans now report knowing someone who is HIV‐positive or has died of AIDS. While many Americans continue to report discomfort at the idea of interacting with those who have HIV, the long‐term trend has been toward increasing levels of comfort. For example, nearly half now say they would be “very comfortable” working with someone who has HIV or AIDS, up from 32 percent in 1997. HIV testing is crucial for getting those who are HIV‐positive into early treatment, and evidence has shown that early diagnosis also helps lower rates of HIV transmission. Despite this, self‐reported HIV testing rates have been relatively flat since the late 1990s. Currently, just over half (54 percent) of Americans under age 65 say they have ever been tested for HIV, including 22 percent who say they’ve been tested in the past 12 months. Reported testing rates are somewhat higher among some key groups at higher risk for HIV, including blacks, Latinos, and younger adults; however, rates for these groups have also been relatively flat over the past decade. The current survey also reinforces findings from the 2011 report showing that the impact of the epidemic has been felt more deeply in the black community, with blacks being more likely than whites to express concern about themselves or a family member becoming infected with HIV, to see HIV as a top health problem facing the nation, and to say they know someone who now has HIV or has died of AIDS.
1
Little has changed in American public opinion about the domestic HIV/AIDS epidemic since the in‐depth HIV/AIDS at 30 report was released in 2011, and readers who are interested in more detail (particularly regarding in‐depth analysis of subgroups by race and age) should refer to that report, available at http://www.kff.org/kaiserpolls/8186.cfm, as well as to the charts that follow, which update many of the numbers in the 2011 report. However, a few changes from 2011 to 2012 are worth noting.
After an uptick in 2011, personal concern returns to earlier levels. The 2011 survey measured an uptick in the share of the public—and the share of young adults—who said they were personally concerned about becoming infected with HIV. These shares dropped in 2012, returning to the trend of slow and steady decline seen over the last decade. Currently, 13 percent of all adults say they are “very concerned” about becoming infected, down from 18 percent in 2011 and equal to the share who said so in 2009. Similarly, in 2011, a quarter (24 percent) said they were “very concerned” about a family member getting HIV but that has dropped to 18 percent in 2012. Among those ages 18‐29, 15 percent now say they are “very concerned” about becoming infected, down from 24 percent in 2011, and roughly equal to the 17 percent measured in 2009.
A higher share of parents now report being comfortable with their children having an HIV‐positive teacher. While the shares of Americans who report being comfortable in various situations involving people with HIV have been relatively flat since 2011, more parents now express comfort at the idea of their child having an HIV‐positive teacher. Currently, nearly half of parents (45 percent) say they would be “very comfortable” in this situation, up from 36 percent in 2011.
2
SECTION 2: AMERICANS’ VIEWS ON SOME KEY ISSUES AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN HIV/AIDS Beyond updating trends from our previous survey work, the 2012 Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation survey also included a variety of new questions to explore public opinion on some timely topics likely to be discussed at the upcoming International AIDS Conference in Washington, DC. These topics include financing of HIV drug treatments in the U.S., new scientific advances in HIV treatment and testing, and trust in Congress and the presidential candidates leading up to the 2012 election. Drug Costs and Financing Access to Treatment To a certain extent, Americans seem to be aware of some of the challenges in financing access to medication in the U.S., with six in ten (60 percent) recognizing that drugs to treat HIV/AIDS cost more in the U.S. than they do in developing countries. Despite the expense of HIV medications, a large majority of the public supports access to treatment for all Americans, with eight in ten (79 percent) saying that everyone with HIV in the U.S. should get treatment regardless of their ability to pay. A smaller share, but still over half (56 percent), say they would be willing to pay higher taxes to make sure everyone gets treatment. Treatment as Prevention Recent scientific evidence has shown that antiretroviral treatment (ART) helps those that are HIV‐positive reduce their risk of transmitting HIV to their partners. However, many Americans are not aware of the potential value of treatment as a prevention tool. About half (49 percent) say that HIV treatment helps prevent its spread to others while another 44 percent believe that treatment does nothing to help prevent the spread of HIV. And, although there are complex issues at play, the FDA recently approved the first ART that can help prevent those who are HIV‐negative from contracting HIV. While it may be too early for this latest research to have filtered down to the general public, fewer than a fifth (17 percent) think that ARTs can be used to prevent people from becoming infected, while half (50 percent) believe they cannot and another third (33 percent) are unsure (our poll was conducted just before the FDA decision was announced). Rapid Home Test This month, the FDA approved the first, rapid HIV test that provides results at home in about 20 minutes.1 Although the survey was conducted before the announcement was made, most people report they have a favorable view of over‐the‐counter, rapid HIV tests (72 percent). However, when asked where they would personally prefer to be tested, the majority (59 percent) say they would rather have the test done in a doctor’s office. Trust In Congress and Presidential Candidates Perhaps reflecting their general skepticism towards Washington politicians as seen in other polls, Americans report relatively low levels of confidence in Congress and in the 2012 presidential candidates to make the right decisions in dealing with HIV/AIDS. President Barack Obama fares best on the issue, with 39 percent of the public saying they have a great deal or a good amount of confidence in him. About half as many (19 percent) say the same about Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, and even fewer have as much confidence in Congress to deal with HIV/AIDS (14 percent). Further, six in ten Americans (61 percent) say that Congress is not doing enough to address the problem of HIV/AIDS domestically, and about half (47 percent) say the same about President Obama.
1 Testing Yourself for HIV Questions and Answers. Vaccines, Blood & Biologics. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, July 2012.
http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/SafetyAvailability/HIVHomeTestKits/ucm126460.htm
3
SECTION 3: AN UPDATE ON AMERICAN OPINION ON THE U.S. ROLE IN GLOBAL HIV In addition to surveying Americans on their views of the domestic HIV/AIDS epidemic, the new Washington Post/Kaiser survey explored the public’s views of HIV/AIDS globally, updating findings primarily from our 2009 Survey of Americans on the U.S. Role in Global Health. The key findings include:
Optimism on the rise. The share of Americans expressing optimism in the worldwide fight against HIV/AIDS has steadily increased over the past several years, and this trend continues in 2012. A clear majority (58 percent) now say that the world is making progress on HIV, while just 18 percent believe the world is losing ground. This is in sharp contrast to 2002, when nearly half (45 percent) felt the world was losing ground and about a third (35 percent) said the world was making progress.
Still, problems with access to treatment and prevention widely recognized. Despite this increasing optimism, large shares of the public say that most people in developing countries do not have access to HIV medication (87 percent) and prevention services (73 percent). This largely reflects reality although a new report finds there have been recent gains in access to treatment in developing countries.2
Public says various groups should do more. Most Americans say various groups are not doing enough to help solve the problem of AIDS in developing countries. This is especially true when it comes to the governments of developing countries themselves (72 percent say they are not doing enough), pharmaceutical companies (59 percent), and the US government (50 percent). Nearly half also say the same about the governments of other wealthy nations (48 percent), and President Obama and his administration (44 percent). The public is more split on whether international nonprofits and foundations are doing enough (44 percent) or not enough (39 percent) on the problem of AIDS in developing countries.
Support for current levels of U.S. spending is robust. As has been true in Kaiser surveys dating back to 2002, few Americans (16 percent) say the U.S. is currently spending too much on preventing and treating HIV in developing countries. In 2012, just over a third (37 percent) say the U.S is spending the right amount in this area, while a slightly smaller share (32 percent) say we are spending too little.
But addressing problems at home trumps increasing spending on HIV abroad. When forced to choose between two statements, two‐thirds of the public (66 percent) agrees that “the U.S. should address problems at home first rather than spending more money to deal with the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing countries,” while a much smaller share (22 percent) feel more strongly that “the U.S. is a global leader and has a responsibility to spend more money to help fight the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing countries.”
Lots of factors seen as barriers to progress, but lack of support from U.S. is not one of them. Large shares of the public see a variety of issues as barriers to controlling the spread of HIV in developing countries, including unwillingness of people to change unsafe sexual practices (85 percent), widespread poverty (76 percent), not enough action by developing country governments (74 percent), corruption (71 percent), and lack of effective programs (63 percent). In contrast, relatively few (31 percent) say that “not enough support from the U.S. and other developed countries” is a major barrier to progress.
Few have heard of “AIDS‐Free Generation,” but over half think goal is achievable. In 2011, President Barack Obama and others in his Administration, including Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, called on the U.S. and other countries to create an AIDS‐free generation, in which no children are born with HIV and their risk for becoming infected remains low throughout their lifespan.3 The vast majority of Americans report that they have heard only a little (23 percent) or nothing at all (58 percent) about this call for an AIDS‐free generation. While few say they have heard of the effort, a majority of Americans (55 percent) believe that it is possible to achieve the goal of an AIDS‐free generation worldwide by the year 2050.
2 Together We Will End AIDS. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), July 2012.
http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/campaigns/togetherwewillendaids/index.html 3 The Path to an AIDS‐Free Generation, Fact Sheet, U.S. Department of State, November 2011. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/11/176770.htm
4
Section 1
Key Themes and Noteworthy Trends in Public Opinion on the U.S. HIV Epidemic Since HIV/AIDS at 30
37
3336
34
21
13%16%
68
49
45
4144
38
26
17
21
17
6 7%10%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1987 1990 1991 1992 1995 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Share Naming HIV/AIDS As Most Urgent Health Problem Declines Over Long Term
Percent who name HIV/AIDS as the most urgent health problem facing the nation/world today:(open‐ended, multiple responses allowed)
Note: Asked of separate half samples.Source: Gallup surveys (1987, 1991, 1992); Los Angeles Times Survey (1990); Kaiser Family Foundation surveys (1995‐2012)
SLIDE 2
WorldNation
5
Perception Of Most Urgent Health Problem Facing Nation, World
What do you think is the most urgent health problem facing the nation/world today? (open‐ended, multiple responses allowed)
6%
10%
13%
15%
17%
17%
22%
35%Cancer
Health insurance/the uninsured
Health care costs
Heart disease
Obesity
Hunger/malnutrition
Diabetes
HIV/AIDS
Note: “Other” and responses less than 5 percent not shown. Total exceeds 100% due to multiple responses. Asked of separate half‐samples.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
NATION WORLD
8%
5%
16%
9%
7%
17%
15%
16%
41%
Health care access
n/a
SLIDE 3
56
52
41
35
43
39
2219
17%
42
35
23
13
17
13
24
7%0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1995 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Blacks More Likely Than Whites To Name HIV/AIDS As Most Urgent Health Problem For Nation
Percent who name HIV/AIDS as the most urgent health problem facing the nation today: (open‐ended, multiple responses allowed)
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 4
WhitesBlacks
6
2224
19 18 1715
13
18
13%
2830 30
23 2421
17
24
15%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1995 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
After 2011 Uptick, Reported Level Of Personal Concern Returns To Earlier Levels
Percent who say they are personally “very concerned” about becoming infected with HIV:
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 5
Among all adultsAmong young adults ages 18‐29
12%
11%
13%
15%
9%
9%
12%
13%
13%
22%
26%
28%
65%
55%
49%
44%
Younger Age Groups More Likely To Express Personal Concern About HIV Infection
Bearing in mind the different ways people can be infected with HIV—how concerned are you personally about becoming infected with HIV?
Somewhat concernedVery concerned Not too concerned Not at all concerned
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Ages 30‐49
Ages 50‐64
Ages 65+
Ages 18‐29
SLIDE 6
7
Blacks More Likely To Express Concern About HIV Infection For Themselves, Their Families
Percent who say they are “very concerned” about…
…personally becoming infected with HIV
…an immediate family member becoming infected with HIV
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
6%
19%
33%
13%Total
Blacks
Latinos
Whites 9%
25%
45%
18%
SLIDE 7
Visibility Higher For Epidemic In Africa Compared With U.S. And Other Parts Of World
During the last year, how much, if anything, have you personally seen, heard, or read about the problem of AIDS in each area?
6%
14%
22%
18%
29%
29%
35%
41%
30%
39%
15%
18%
The United States
Elsewhere in the world other than Africa or the U.S.
Africa
SLIDE 8
SomeA lot Only a little Nothing at all
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
8
Visibility Of HIV Epidemic In The U.S. And Africa Down Since 2004
Percent who say they have personally seen, heard, or read “a lot” in the past year about the problem of AIDS in…
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 9
34
14 13 14%
51
2623 22%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2004 2009 2011 2012
AfricaThe U.S.
Most Say Federal Government Spending On Domestic HIV Too Little Or About Right
Compared with the amount of money the federal government spends on other health problems, such as heart disease and cancer, do you think federal spending on HIV/AIDS is too high, too low, or about right?
Note: Asked of separate half samples. Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
Thinking about the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the U.S., in general do you think the federal government spends too much money on HIV/AIDS, too little, or about the right amount?
5155
39
52
63
5053
50%
32
25
3936
1728 28 28%
85
75
75
7 7%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009 20112012
Too much
Aboutright
Too little
Too high
Aboutright
Too low
4043
29
42
48
35
3943%
35
30
42
40
24
36
3835%
118
11
6 7 7 86%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009 20112012
SLIDE 10
9
Majority Say More Spending On Domestic HIV Will Lead To Progress
In general, do you think that spending more money on (INSERT ITEM) in the U.S. will lead to meaningful progress in slowing the epidemic, or that spending more money won’t make much difference?
54%
8%
39%56%
11%
34%
Won’t make much difference
Depends (vol.)/Don’t know/Refused
Lead to meaningful progress
HIV/AIDS PREVENTION
Won’t make much difference
Lead to meaningful progress
HIV/AIDS TREATMENT
Note: Asked of separate half samples.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
SLIDE 11
Depends (vol.)/Don’t know/Refused
40%
46%
42%
48%
40%
56%
32%
65%
37%
48%
34%
54%
32%
58%
32%
61%
Young Adults Most Likely To Believe Spending Will Lead To Progress
In general, do you think that spending more money on (INSERT ITEM) in the U.S. will lead to meaningful progress in slowing the epidemic, or that spending more money won’t make much difference?
HIV/AIDS PREVENTION
Note: Asked of separate half samples. Depends (vol.) and Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Lead to meaningful progress
Won’t make much difference
HIV/AIDS TREATMENT
Ages 30‐49
Ages 50‐64
Ages 18‐29
Ages 65+
SLIDE 12
10
32
5249
47
40
4548
51%
15 14
20
13
22
18
23
18%
48
27 26
36
29
22
18 18%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1995 1997 2002 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Half See Progress Against Domestic Epidemic
Thinking about the way the problem of HIV/AIDS affects the United States today, do you think the problem is about the same as it has been, that the U.S. is making progress in this area, or that the U.S. is losing ground?
Note: Asked of separate half sample. Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 13
About the same Losing groundMaking progress
Blacks Less Likely Than Whites To Perceive Progress On Domestic Epidemic
Thinking about the way the problem of HIV/AIDS affects the United States today, do you think the problem is about the same as it has been, that the U.S. is making progress in this area, or that the U.S. is losing ground?
14%
14%
20%
52%
12%
25%
22%
41%U.S. making progress
About the same
U.S. losing ground
Don’t know/Refused
Blacks
Whites
SLIDE 14
Note: Asked of separate half sample. Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
11
Most Perceive Problems In Access To Medication In U.S.; More Perceive Access To Prevention As Adequate
27%
12%
61% 61%
8%
31%
Do you think that most people in the U.S. who need treatment for HIV actually get medication, or do you think that most of them do not get the medication they need?
Most do not get medications
Don’t know/Refused
Most get medications Most do not
have accessMost have access
Do you think that most people in the U.S. have access to HIV prevention services, such as HIV education, testing, and counseling, or not?
Note: Asked of separate half samples.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
SLIDE 15
Don’t know/Refused
Knowledge About Impact Of HIV On African Americans
As far as you know, has the HIV epidemic had a greater impact, a smaller impact, or about the same impact on African Americans as it has on whites in the United States?
14%
3%
30%
52%
10%
9%
29%
53%
5%
4%
28%
63%
12%
4%
30%
54%
Greater impact
About the same impact
Smaller impact
Don’t know/Refused
Blacks
Latinos
Total
Whites
SLIDE 16
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
12
A Third Harbor At Least One Misconception About HIV Transmission
Percent who do not know that HIV CANNOT be transmitted by: (incorrect answers*)
34%
11%
17%
27%Sharing a drinking glass
Touching a toilet seat
Swimming in a pool with someone who is HIV positive
Incorrect answer to at least one of the above
*Includes “Yes” and “Don’t know” responses.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
SLIDE 17
44
2624
2225
22
2725
27%31
1916 16
1816
17 16 17%
1412 11%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1985 1987 1990 2000 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Misconceptions About Transmission Persist Over Many Years
Percent who do not know that HIV CANNOT be transmitted by: (incorrect answers*)
*Includes “Yes” and “Don’t know” responses.Source: ABC News Polls (1985‐1990) [Note: question wording for ABC News Polls was “Can you catch AIDS from using the same drinking glass/sitting on a toilet seat?”]; Kaiser Family Foundation surveys (2000‐2012)
Touching a toilet seat
Swimming in a pool with someone who is HIV positive
Sharing a drinking glass
SLIDE 18
13
Seniors Most Likely To Have Misconceptions About HIV Transmission
Percent who do not know that HIV CANNOT be transmitted by: (incorrect answers*)
53%
20%
28%
47%
31%
10%
13%
23%
25%
7%
10%
20%
37%
11%
24%
26%
*Includes “Yes” and “Don’t know” responses.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Sharing a drinking glass
Touching a toilet seat
Swimming in a pool with someone who is HIV positive
Incorrect answer to at least one of the above
SLIDE 19
Ages 30‐49
Ages 50‐64
Ages 18‐29
Ages 65+
Sizeable Shares Hold Misperceptions On Key Facts About HIV
Percent who do not know the following statement is true: (incorrect answers*)
30%
31%
24%There is no cure for AIDS at present
There is a vaccine available to prevent people from becoming infected with HIV
Magic Johnson has been cured of AIDS
*Includes “False” and “Don’t know” responses. **Includes “True” and “Don’t know” responses.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Percent who do not know the following statements are false: (incorrect answers**)
SLIDE 20
14
Slightly More Blacks Report Misperceptions About HIV/AIDS
Percent who do not know the following statements are false: (incorrect answers*)
28%
29%
30%
31%
40%
38%
Magic Johnson has been cured of AIDS
There is a vaccine available to prevent people from becoming infected with HIV
*Includes “True” and “Don’t know” responses.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Blacks
Latinos
Whites
SLIDE 21
24
6
13
19
39
35
43 4442 43
41
45%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1983 1985 1986 1989 1991 1995 1997 2000 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Over Four In Ten Report Knowing Someone With HIV/AIDS
Percent who say they personally know anyone who now has AIDS, has died from AIDS, or has tested positive for HIV:
Source: ABC News/Washington Post (1983); Gallup (1985‐1991); Kaiser Family Foundation surveys (1995‐2012)
SLIDE 22
15
Half Of Blacks Report Personal Ties To Someone With HIV/AIDS
Do you personally know anyone who now has AIDS, has died from AIDS, or has tested positive for HIV? Is that a family member, a close friend, an acquaintance or co‐worker, or someone else?
Yes, acquaintance, co‐worker, someone else
Yes, close friend or family member
No
19%
30%
35%
22%
25%
16%
18%
23%
55%
52%
46%
53%
Blacks
Latinos
Whites
Total
SLIDE 23
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Reported Comfort With People Who Have HIV/AIDS
In general, how comfortable would you be, personally:
24%
33%
45%
48%
28%
29%
27%
29%
22%
15%
17%
12%
22%
18%
9%
8%
If your children had a teacher who was HIV‐positive*
Having a roommate who is HIV‐positive
Having your food prepared by someone who is HIV‐positive
Working with someone who has HIV or AIDS
*Asked of those who have children ages 21 or younger. Note: Doesn’t apply and Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Somewhat comfortableVery comfortable Somewhat uncomfortable Very uncomfortable
SLIDE 24
16
32 3335
4144
49 48%
29
3436
45%
2527
3033%
2124 24%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1997 2000 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Reported Comfort Around People With HIV/AIDS Rising Slowly But Steadily Over Long Term
Percent who say they would be “very” comfortable with each of the following:
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 25
Having a roommate who is HIV positive
If their child had a teacher who was HIV positive (among parents)
Working with someone who has HIV or AIDS
Having their food prepared by someone who is HIV positive
28%
64%
61%
86%
65%
32%
34%
12%
Relationship Between Stigma And Knowledge
Percent who say they would be comfortable/uncomfortable working with someone with HIV:
Those with INCORRECT answers about HIV transmission
Percent who say they would be comfortable/uncomfortable having their food prepared by someone who is HIV‐positive:
Very or somewhat UNCOMFORTABLEVery or somewhat COMFORTABLE
SLIDE 26
Those who give correct answers about HIV transmission
Those with INCORRECT answers about HIV transmission
Those who give correct answers about HIV transmission
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
17
26%
21%
40%
32%
70%
73%
55%
60%
Some Still See AIDS As Punishment/Fault
In general, it’s people’s own fault if they get AIDS:
2002
I sometimes think that AIDS is a punishment for the decline in moral standards:
DisagreeAgree
SLIDE 27
2012
2002
2012
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with each statement:
46%
89%
48%
8%
Personal Attitudes About HIV/AIDS
Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with each statement:
DisagreeAgree
SLIDE 28
It is possible for people with HIV to lead healthy, productive lives
HIV is a manageable chronic disease, similar to diabetes or high blood pressure
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
18
Discrimination Perceived As Widespread, But Long‐Term Trend Toward Decline
How much prejudice and discrimination do you think there is against people living with HIV and AIDS in this country today?
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
51%
45%
45%
40%
40%
33%
38%
36%
37%
35%
8%
9%
11%
14%
15%
2%
2%
3%
4%
4%
2006
2004
2000
2011
SomeA lot Only a little None at all
SLIDE 29
2012
Blacks More Likely To Perceive A Lot Of HIV‐Related Discrimination
How much prejudice and discrimination do you think there is against people living with HIV and AIDS in this country today?
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
39%
38%
48%
40%
36%
37%
33%
35%
14%
19%
11%
15%
3%
3%
5%
4%
Blacks
Latinos
Whites
Total
SLIDE 30
SomeA lot Only a little None at all
19
Four In Ten Expect To See A Cure For AIDS
Do you expect we will discover a cure for AIDS in…
41%
7%
21%
30%41%
7%
26%
26%
No
Yes
THE NEXT TEN YEARS
No
Yes
YOUR LIFETIME
Note: Asked of separate half‐samples.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Don’t know if cure will be discovered in next ten years
Believe cure already exists/ Don’t know
Don’t know if cure will be discovered in their lifetime
Believe cure already exists/ Don’t know
SLIDE 31
42%
48%
41%
42%
45%
41%
22%
29%
26%
23%
29%
30%
4%
7%
7%
8%
5%
7%
31%
16%
26%
27%
20%
21%
Level Of Optimism About A Cure For AIDS Similar To 2002
Do you expect we will discover a cure for AIDS in the next 10 years, or not?
2002
2011
2002
2011
Do you expect we will discover a cure for AIDS in your lifetime, or not?
NoYesDon’t know if cure will be discovered
Believe cure already exists/ Don’t know
SLIDE 32
Note: Asked of separate half‐samples.Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
2012
2012
20
43
50
55 5553 54 54%
19 2023
2119
21 22%
26
30
35
26
30
26
33%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1997 2000 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Reported HIV Testing Rates Relatively Flat, Including Among Young Adults
Among those ages 18‐64, percent who say they have been tested for HIV ever and in the last 12 months:
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 33
Yes, tested in the past 12 months
Yes, tested in the past 12 months, among those ages 18‐29
Yes, ever been tested
39
33
3841 40
4345%
24 23
3028 28
24
30%
16 17 1816
14 15 14%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1997 2000 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Trend In Non‐Elderly Who Report Being Tested For HIV In The Last Twelve Months By Race/Ethnicity
Among those ages 18‐64, percent who say they have been tested for HIV IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS:
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 34
WhitesLatinosBlacks
21
Younger Adults More Likely To Report Being Tested In Past Year
Percent who say they have ever been tested for HIV:
Note: Numbers may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Yes, but not in last 12 monthsYes, in last 12 months No, never tested
4%
11%
23%
33%
18%
19%
34%
41%
14%
29%
73%
53%
34%
52%
50%
Ages 18‐29
Ages 30‐49
Ages 50‐64
Total
SLIDE 35
Ages 65+
3634
43 43 4245 46%
19
29 30%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1997 2000 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Reported Conversations With Doctors About HIV Up Slightly Over Time
Among those ages 18‐64, percent who say they have ever…
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 36
…had a doctor or other health care provider suggest they be tested for HIV
…talked with a doctor or health care provider about HIV or AIDS
22
48 47
58 57
70 69
64%
35
32
40
4447 46
52%
34
33 40 4037
39 40%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1997 2000 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Blacks, Hispanics More Likely To Report Talking To Doctors About HIV/AIDS
Among those ages 18‐64, percent who say they have ever talked with a doctor or health care provider about HIV or AIDS:
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 37
WhitesLatinosBlacks
Younger Adults More Likely To Report Talking To Doctor, Partner About HIV/AIDS
Percent who say they’ve ever talked with a doctor or health care provider about HIV/AIDS:
20%
38%
51%
49%Ages 18‐29
Ages 30‐49
Ages 50‐64
Ages 65+ 25%
40%
57%
55%
Percent who say they’ve ever talked with a partner or spouse about HIV/AIDS:
SLIDE 38
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
23
Blacks, Hispanics More Likely To Report Talking With Doctor, Partner About HIV/AIDS
35%
51%
59%
41%Total
Blacks
Latinos
Whites 39%
63%
61%
46%
SLIDE 39
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Percent who say they’ve ever talked with a doctor or health care provider about HIV/AIDS:
Percent who say they’ve ever talked with a partner or spouse about HIV/AIDS:
Blacks, Hispanics More Likely Than Whites To Report Discussing HIV/AIDS With Family And Friends
How often would you say the subject of HIV/AIDS comes up in discussions with your family and friends?
SometimesOften Rarely Never
4%
14%
16%
7%
16%
21%
29%
18%
43%
39%
28%
40%
36%
25%
28%
34%
Blacks
Latinos
Whites
Total
SLIDE 40
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
24
Percent Saying A Doctor Suggested HIV Testing By Race/Ethnicity
Has a doctor or other health care provider ever suggested that you be tested for HIV, or not?
22%
33%
37%
26%
77%
63%
61%
72%
Blacks
Latinos
Total
SLIDE 41
NoYes
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Whites
Reported HIV Testing Experiences
29%
3%
68%50%
3%
18%
29%
The last time you were tested for HIV, did you go to a doctor or a clinic specifically to get an HIV test, or did you decide to get an HIV test as part of another health visit, such as a routine check‐up? (Among the 48% who have been tested)
As part of another health visit
Dk/Ref.
Went specifically to get an HIV test
Doctor/Nurse told me
Dk/Ref.*
Asked to be tested
The last time you were tested for HIV, how did you know the test was being done? Did you ask to be tested for HIV, did the doctor or nurse tell you this test was being done, or was it your impression that the test was a routine part of the exam? (Among the 48% who have been tested)
* Includes “Tested as part of blood donation/blood drive (vol.).”Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
SLIDE 42
Impression it was routine part of exam
25
‘Seemed Like A Good Idea’ Is Most Common Reason For Testing
Percent who say each of the following is a reason they got tested for HIV (among the 48% who have been tested for HIV):
10%
19%
31%
37%
73%It just seemed like a good idea
It’s something you do every year
A partner suggested or asked that you get tested
You were concerned that you might be infected
Your doctor or other health care provider suggested you get tested
SLIDE 43
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Not Feeling At Risk Is Biggest Reason For Not Getting Tested
Percent who say each of the following is a reason they have NOT been tested for HIV (among the 47% of those ages 18‐64 who have never been tested for HIV):
3%
6%
12%
36%
57%
SLIDE 44
You don’t think you’re at risk
You don’t know where to go to get tested
You’re afraid you’ll test positive
You worry about confidentiality
Your doctor never recommended it
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
26
Section 2
Americans’ Views on Some Key Issues and New Developments in HIV/AIDS
Six In Ten Recognize That HIV Drugs Cost More In U.S. Than In Developing Countries
When it comes to prescription drugs used to treat HIV, do you think people in this country pay higher or lower prices than people in developing countries pay for the same prescription drug, or do you think they pay about the same amount?
SLIDE 46
60%
14%
13%
14%
People in this country pay lower prices
Don’t know/Refused
People in this country pay higher prices
Pay about the same amount
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
27
56%
19%
5%
Eight In Ten Say All Americans With HIV Should Get Treatment Regardless Of Ability To Pay
79%6%
15%
As you may know, treatments are available that can extend the lives and improve quality of life for those living with HIV, but these treatments can be very expensive. Do you think that ALL Americans with HIV should be provided with these treatments, regardless of their ability to pay, or not?
No, all Americans with HIV should not get treatment
Dk/Ref.
Yes, all Americans with HIV should get treatment regardless
of ability to pay
Asked of those who say that all Americans with HIV should get treatment regardless of ability to pay: Would YOU be willing to pay higher taxes in order to provide treatment for all Americans with HIV, or not? (numbers based on total)
SLIDE 47
Yes, would be willing to pay higher taxes
No, not willing to pay higher taxes
Dk/Ref.
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
49%
7%
44%
Public Split On The Role Of Treatment In Prevention
Which comes closer to your view about providing treatment to people with HIV:
SLIDE 48
Don’t know/Refused
It improves the lives of those who receive treatment AND also helps prevent the spread of the disease to others
It improves the lives of those who receive treatment, BUT it does nothing to help prevent the spread of the disease
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
28
17%
33%
50%
Half Say HIV Drugs Can Not Be Used To Lower Risk For Those HIV‐Negative
As far as you know, can the drugs used to treat HIV also be used by people who are HIV‐negative to lower their risk of getting HIV, or not?
SLIDE 49
No
Don’t know/Refused
Yes
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Most Think Rapid Home HIV Test A Good Idea, But Most Prefer To Be Tested In Doctor’s Office
SLIDE 50
72%
3%
7%
18%
59%
3%
8%
30%
The FDA has been discussing a new over‐the‐counter HIV test that people could use at home to learn their HIV status within 20 minutes. Which comes closer to your view about this type of test:
It is bad idea because people need access to counseling when they find out their HIV status
Dk/Ref.
It is a good idea because it would encourage people to learn their HIV status who might not get tested otherwise
Do the test yourself at home
Wouldn’t get tested/ Don’t know/Refused
Have the test done in a
doctor’s office or clinic
If you were to be tested for HIV, would you prefer to…?
Neither/Both (vol.)
Either/Doesn’t matter (vol.)
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
29
5%
7%
19%
9%
12%
20%
41%
26%
26%
39%
41%
29%
6%
14%
6%
Few Report Confidence In Congress, Romney On HIV; Obama Fares Somewhat Better
How much confidence do you have in [INSERT] when it comes to making the right decisions in dealing with HIV and AIDS—a great deal, a good amount, just some or none at all?
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Mitt Romney
Congress
Barack Obama
SLIDE 51
A good amountA great deal Just some None at all Dk/Ref.
Most Groups Perceived As Not Doing Enough On Domestic HIV
Please tell me if you think each of the following groups are doing enough to help solve the problem of HIV/AIDS in this country, are not doing enough, or if they should not be involved at all in this issue.
Note: Some items asked of separate half sample.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
35%
47%
50%
51%
51%
61%
41%
29%
24%
36%
31%
16%
6%
11%
16%
5%
9%
14%
18%
13%
10%
9%
10%
8%
Local nonprofit organizations in your area
Congress
President Obama and his administration
Public schools
Pharmaceutical companies
Religious leaders and institutions
Not doing enough Should not be involved at allDoing enough Dk/Ref.
SLIDE 52
30
Section 3
An Update on American Opinion on the U.S. Role in Global HIV
3538
36
46
51
58%
15
9
1614
16 15%
45
49
40
32
26
18%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2002 2004 2006 2009 2011 2012
Increasing Share See Global Progress On HIV/AIDS
Thinking about the way the problem of HIV/AIDS affects the world today, do you think the problem is about the same as it has been, that the world is making progress in this area, or that the world is losing ground?
Note: Asked of separate half sample. Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 54
About the same Losing groundMaking progress
31
Most Say Those In Developing Countries Don’t Have Access To HIV Treatment And Prevention Services
5%
7%
87%
16%
11%73%
Do you think that most people in developing countries who need treatment for HIV actually get medication, or do you think that most of them do not get the medication they need?
Most do not get medications
Dk/Ref.
Most get medications
Most do not have access
Dk/Ref.
Most have access
Do you think that most people in developing countries have access to HIV prevention services, such as HIV education, testing, and counseling, or not?
Note: Asked of separate half samples.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
SLIDE 55
Most Say Various Groups Not Doing Enough On Global HIV
When it comes to the problem of AIDS in developing countries, would you say the following are doing enough to help solve the problem of AIDS in developing countries, or are they not doing enough?
Note: Items asked of separate half samples. Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
39%
44%
48%
50%
59%
72%
44%
33%
22%
35%
25%
13%
1%
7%
3%
6%
2%
1%
16%
17%
27%
10%
14%
14%
International nonprofit organizations and foundations
The U.S. government
President Obama and his administration
The governments of developing countries themselves hardest hit by HIV
Pharmaceutical companies
The governments of wealthier nations other than the U.S., such as England, France, Italy, Germany, and Japan
SLIDE 56
Not doing enough Doing enough Dk/Ref.Should not be involved at all (vol.)
32
Views On U.S. Spending On HIV/AIDS In Developing Countries Over Time
Do you think the U.S. is now spending too much, too little, or about the right amount on preventing and treating HIV in developing countries?
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 57
31
56
37
43
32%
34
13
29
33
37%
1613
16 16 16%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Jun 2002 Apr 2006 Mar 2009 Oct 2009 Jul 2012
Too muchRight amountToo little
71
62
55
6966%
22
30
34
23 22%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2002 2004 2006 2009 2012
Addressing Problems At Home Trumps Spending On HIV/AIDS In Developing Countries
When forced to choose, percent who choose each statement as the one they agree with MORE STRONGLY:
Note: Neither/Both equally (vol.), Disagree with both, and Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Kaiser Family Foundation surveys
SLIDE 58
The U.S. is a global leader and has a responsibility to spend more money to help fight the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing countries.
The U.S. should address problems at home first rather than spending more money to deal with the HIV/AIDS epidemic in developing countries.
33
Large Majorities See Various Factors As Barriers To Progress On HIV In Developing Countries
Now I will mention some things that may or may not be reasons why it has been difficult to control the spread of HIV/AIDS in developing countries. For each, please tell me if you think it is a major reason, a minor reason, or not a reason.
31%
63%
71%
74%
76%
85%
40%
22%
17%
16%
12%
10%
24%
10%
7%
5%
8%
3%Unwillingness of people to change unsafe
sexual practices
Widespread poverty
Lack of programs that are effective at preventing the spread of HIV
Not enough support from the U.S. and other developed countries
Corruption and misuse of funds
The developing country governments not doing enough themselves to fight AIDS
SLIDE 59
Major reason Not a reasonMinor reason
Note: Don’t know/Refused answers not shown.Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
Few Report Hearing Of Obama Administration’s Call For AIDS‐Free Generation, But Over Half Think It’s Achievable
How much, if anything, have you heard about the Obama Administration’s call for the U.S. and others to create an AIDS‐free generation? A lot, some, only a little, or nothing at all?
SLIDE 60
Do you think it is possible to achieve the goal of an AIDS‐free generation worldwide by the year 2050?
3%
13%
3%
23%
58% 55%
5%
4%
36%
A lot
Some
Only a little
Dk/Ref.
Nothing at all
Dk/Ref.
Depends (vol.)
No, not possible
Yes, possible
Source: Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS (conducted June 11‐24, 2012)
34
Methodology The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation Survey Project is a partnership and an experiment in combining survey research and reporting to better inform the public. The 2012 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS, the 24th in this partnership series, was conducted by telephone from June 11‐24, 2012 among a representative random sample of 1,524 adults ages 18 and older living in the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii (note: persons without a telephone could not be included in the random selection process). Computer‐assisted telephone interviews conducted by landline (866) and cell phone (658, including 349 who had no landline telephone) were carried out in English and Spanish by Braun Research, Inc. under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International (PSRAI). The bulk of the interviews were conducted with respondents from random digit dial (RDD) landline (N=806) and cell phone (N=601) samples. Both the landline and cell phone samples were provided by Survey Sampling International, LLC. For the landline sample, respondents were selected by asking for the youngest adult male or female currently at home based on a random rotation. If no one of that gender was available, interviewers asked to speak with the youngest adult of the opposite gender. For the cell phone sample, interviews were conducted with the person who answered the phone. In order to ensure enough African American respondents for separate analysis, both the landline and cell RDD samples were disproportionately stratified by county based on estimated incidences of African‐American respondents. Further, an additional 117 interviews (60 landline, 57 cell phone) were conducted with African American respondents who previously completed recent national PSRAI surveys of the general public. The previous surveys were also conducted with RDD samples that used similar methodology to the current survey. The combined RDD landline, RDD cell phone, and callback sample was weighted to balance the sample demographics to match estimates for the national population data from the Census Bureau’s 2011 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) on sex, age, education, race, Hispanic origin, nativity (for Hispanics only), and region along with data from the 2000 Census on population density. The sample was also weighted to match current patterns of telephone use using data from the January‐June 2011 National Health Interview Survey. The weight takes into account the fact that respondents with both a landline and cell phone have a higher probability of selection in the combined sample and also adjusts for the household size for the landline sample. All statistical tests of significance account for the effect of weighting. Weighted and unweighted values for key demographic variables are shown in the following table.
Sample Demographics
Unweighted Weighted
GenderMale 48.6% 49.0%
Female 51.4% 51.0%Age
18‐24 8.5% 12.5%25‐34 12.9% 16.9%35‐44 14.1% 16.3%45‐54 17.8% 18.3%55‐64 21.0% 16.3%65+ 21.9% 18.2%
EducationLess than HS Grad. 8.9% 12.4%
HS Grad. 29.0% 32.1%Some College 24.3% 24.4%College Grad. 35.8% 29.8%
Race/EthnicityWhite/not Hispanic 56.4% 66.1%Black/not Hispanic 27.4% 12.9%
Hisp ‐ US born 5.6% 6.6%Hisp ‐ born outside 3.0% 5.9%Other/not Hispanic 5.3% 6.7%
35
Representatives of The Washington Post and the Kaiser Family Foundation worked together to develop the survey questionnaire and analyze the results. Each organization bears the sole responsibility for the work that appears under its name. The project team from the Kaiser Family Foundation included: Mollyann Brodie, Ph.D., Liz Hamel, and Bianca DiJulio. The project team from The Washington Post included: Jon Cohen, Peyton Craighill, Kristina Meacham, and Scott Clement. See the table below for information on the margin of sampling error including the design effect. For results based on other subgroups, the margin of sampling error may be higher. Sample sizes and margin of sampling errors for other subgroups are available by request. Note that sampling error is only one of many potential sources of error in this or any other public opinion poll.
Group Number of interviews Margin of sampling error
Total 1,524 ± 3 percentage points
Whites 859 ± 4 percentage points
Blacks 417 ± 7 percentage points
Latinos 130 ± 10 percentage points
Young adults (ages 18‐29) 226 ± 8 percentage points
The response rate calculated based on the American Association of Public Opinion Research’s Response Rate 3 formula was 10 percent for the landline RDD sample, 11 percent for the cell phone RDD sample, 28 percent for the landline callback sample, and 29 percent for the cell phone callback sample. Full information about the survey is available at http://www.kff.org/kaiserpolls/8334.cfm. Please note: (1) Table percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding. (2) Values less than 0.5% are indicated by an asterisk (*). (3) “vol.” indicates that a response was volunteered by respondent and not an explicitly offered choice.
36
The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
Headquarters 2400 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park, CA 94025
Phone: (650) 854‐9400 Fax: (650) 854‐4800
Washington Offices and Barbara Jordan Conference Center
1330 G Street, NW Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (202) 347‐5270 Fax: (202) 347‐5274
www.kff.org
This publication (#8334‐F) is available on the Kaiser Family Foundation website at www.kff.org.
The Kaiser Family Foundation, a leader in health policy analysis, health journalism and communication, is dedicated to filling the need for trusted, independent information on the major health issues facing our nation and its people.
The Foundation is a non‐profit private operating foundation, based in Menlo Park, California.
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