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WEATHER
AND CLIMATE UNIT 3
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING
CONCEPTS:
CLIMATOLOGY
METEOROLOGY
3. CLIMATE ELEMENTS
3.1. TEMPERATURE
3.2. PRECIPITATION
3.3. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
3.4. WIND
3.5. RELATIVE HUMIDITY
3.1
. TEM
PER
ATU
RE
A. FACTORS THAT AFFECT TEMPERATURE
LATITUDE
ALTITUDE
OCEAN CURRENTS
PROXIMITY TO THE
SEA
LATITUDE
Temperatures decrease from the Equator
towards the poles.
ALTITUDE Temperatures fall as altitude increases. On
average, for every 100 m of altitude, the
temperature drops by 0,6º C
PROXIMITY TO SEA
The sea heats up and cools down more slowly than
the land. Because of that, temperatures are milder
in areas close to the sea.
OCEAN CURRENTS
Warm ocean currenrts produce higher
temperatures in nearby coastal regions. Cool
ocean currents have opposite effects.
B. CLIMATE ZONES
3.2. PRECIPITATION
A. FACTORS THAT AFFECT PRECIPITATION
• The amount of precipitation decreases with latitude. LATITUDE
• The amount of precipitation increases with altitude. ALTITUDE
• The amount of precipitation is higher near the sea than the interior.
PROXIMITY TO THE SEA
B. PRECIPITATION CAN BE IN
THE FORM OF…
RAIN
SNOW
HAIL
C. TYPES OF RAINFALL…
CONVECTIONAL
OROGRAPHIC
FRONTAL
3.3. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
3.5. RELATIVE HUMIDITY
4. ELEMENTS
CLIMATE
ELEMENT INSTRUMENT UNITS
LINES IN A
MAP
TEMPERATURE THERMOMETER º C ISOTHERMS
PRECIPATIONS PLUVIOMETER MM ISOYETS
WIND
ANEMOMETHE
R/WEATHER
VANE
Km/h -
ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE BAROMETER MBASR ISOBARS
4. THE EARTH´S CLIMATES
6. HOW TO
ANALYZE A CLIMATE GRAPH
AVERAGE ANNUAL TEMPERATURE
Add average month temperatures/12
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Hottest month temperature-Coldest
TOTAL AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATIONS
Add total month precipitations
1. TEMPERATURE
1. Average annual temperature:
1. > 20º C: HOT
2. 0 – 20 º C: TEMPERATE
3. < 0ª C: COLD
2. Temperature range:
1. > 15º C: BIG (far to the sea)
2. < 15º C: SMALL (close to the sea)
3. Hemisphere: Northern or Southern
2. PRECIPITATIONS
1. Total amount:
1. >1000 mm: ABUNDANT
2. 1000-200: SCARCE
3. <200 mm: LITTLE
2. Distribution:
1. All months >30 mm: REGULAR
2. 1 or 2 months < 30 mm: QUITE REGULAR
3. More than 2 months <30 mm: IRREGULAR
3. DEDUCTION
HOT CLIMATES
AVERAGE ANNUAL
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATE
RANGE TOTAL AMOUNT
PRECIPITATIONS DISTRIBUTION CLIMATE
>20 º C
SMALL ABUNDANT REGULAR EQUATORIAL
SMALL SCARCE QUITE
REGULAR TROPICAL
SMALL/BIG LITTLE ZERO DESERT
TEMPERATE CLIMATES
AVERAGE
ANNUAL
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATE
RANGE TOTAL AMOUNT
PRECIPITATIONS DISTRI-
BUTION HUMID
SEASON CLIMATE
<20 º C >5º C
SMALL ABUNDANT REGULAR/
QUITE
REGULAR - OCEANIC
BIG SCARCE IRREGULA
R SUMMER CONTINENTAL
SMALL/BIG SCARCE IRREGULA
R FALL/
WINTER MEDITERRANEAN
COLD CLIMATES
AVERAGE ANNUAL
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATE RANGE
TOTAL AMOUNT PRECIPITATIONS
DISTRI- BUTION
CLIMATE
>5º C
BIG LITTLE IRREGULAR POLAR
SMALL/BIG ABUNDANT/
SCARCE IRREGULAR MOUNTAIN
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