WEATHERIZATION TECH 101

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WEATHERIZATION TECH 101NASCSP 2011

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

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Basic Audit Tools

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy

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Tool CaseAUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy

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Vision Enhancers

Sony digital camera Boroscope

Flir Infrared

Testo Video Pro

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy

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Combustion Appliance Testing

Above (left to right):• Thermometer.

• Draft Gauge.

• Inspection mirror.

• Gas leak detection bubbles.

• Smoke pump and smoke test filter paper.

• Combustion analyzer.

Above counter-clockwise from lower left:• Pipe wrenches.

• Long lighter.

• Gas leak detector.

• Inspection mirror.

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy

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Smoke

Wizard Stick

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy

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Manometers & Gauges

Magnahelicgauges

DG-700(Energy Conservatory)

DM-2(Retrotec)

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

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Blower Door with Infrared

Without Blower Door With Blower Door Running

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

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Pressure PanAUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy

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Diagnosing Ducts

Common mobile home duct pattern

Bedroom 0.8 PaBedroom 1.2 PaBath 2.4 PaFurnace Closet (living rm) 2.6 PaLiving Room 2.0 PaKitchen 1.2 PaKitchen 0.5 Pa

Total: 10.7 Pa = seal ducts

2.4 Pa at bath register & 2.6 Pa at living room register indicate a large leak between them, most probably at the furnace plenum.

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photo Source: US Department of Energy

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Duct BlasterAUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photo courtesy of The US Department of Energy

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Measuring Exhaust Fan Flow

Energy Conservatory Exhaust Fan Flow Meter with DG-700 Pressure & Flow Gauge

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

Photos courtesy of The US Department of Energy

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Moisture Assessment

Sling psychrometer.

“Pin” or “Non contact” moisture meters

Indoor/outdoor reads RH.

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

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Circuit Testing & Tracing

Tells auditor percent overload on circuit, among other outputs.

Circuit tracer determines which fuse/breaker controls

which circuit.

Live wire tester, especially useful for determining if knob

& tube wiring is still live.

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

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Base Load Analysis

Watt meter.

Newer model watt meter -

BrultechKit60 with 1220B.

Indoor/outdoor thermometer, useful in measuring refrigerator/freezer

compartment temperatures.

AUDITOR’S TOOLBOX

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Typical Weatherization MeasuresIn no particular order

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Air Sealing and Attic PrepWEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN INTERMEDIATE

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010

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• Air flow is measured in cubic feet per minute.

• Also written as ft3/min, or CFM.

• 1 CFM OUT = 1 CFM IN.

• Air flow takes the path of least resistance.

• Air moves from high-to low-pressure areas.

• Air moves from high-to low-temperature areas.

Air Leakage ReviewAIR SEALING & ATTIC PREP

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Primary Air Infiltration Sites

Data courtesy of the California Energy Commission

5% Fans & Vents

12% Windows

13% Doors

15% Plumbing PenetrationsFireplace 16%

Electric Outlets 2%

Floors, walls, and Ceilings 36%

AIR SEALING & ATTIC PREP

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12

11

109

8

76

54

3

1. Urethane foam (spray foam) 2. Foam board3. Sheet metal/foil4. Mastic and gloves5. High-temperature caulk6. Utility flags7. Insulation rulers8. Tin snips and zip ties9. Stapler10. Weatherstripping11. Zip tie tightening tool12. Utility knife

Common Tools for Attic Prep

21

AIR SEALING & ATTIC PREP

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Check typical hot-spots:• Flues and plumbing vents.

• Wire pathways.

• Recessed fixtures (lights and fans).

• Chimney penetrations.

Signals:• Blower door, smoke.

• Dirty or discolored Insulation.

Finding Air LeaksAIR SEALING & ATTIC PREP

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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GAPS ≤ 1/4”Caulk

General Guidelines

Energy Blast ServicesThe Daily Green

GAPS 1/4” – 3”

Spray foam

OTHERFoam board, fiberglass in plastic bags,

etc.

AIR SEALING & ATTIC PREP

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Sometimes sealing air leaks requires repairing damaged drywall.

Drywall RepairAIR SEALING & ATTIC PREP

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Recessed Light Fixtures

High Temperature Issues

Flues

Maintain appropriate clearances

High-temp caulk

IC Rated Fixture

Non-IC Rated Fixture

AIR SEALING & ATTIC PREP

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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• No insulation over knob & tube wiring.

• All home electrical systems should be properly grounded.

• Wiring splices enclosed in junction boxes and marked with a flag visible above attic insulation.

Wiring

Knob and tube wiring is common in old homes.

AIR SEALING & ATTIC PREP

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Attic InsulationWEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN INTERMEDIATE

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010

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Cost-Effective Insulation LevelsATTIC INSULATION

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Not Enough InsulationATTIC INSULATION

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Too Much InsulationATTIC INSULATION

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Measuring Blown-In Insulation

How much is in that back corner?

Staple rulers every 15 feet

for even coverage.

ATTIC INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Properly Insulated Attic

Dam maintains clearance around flue

Flags indicate juncture boxes, recessed lights

Even layer of appropriate depth

ATTIC INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Dense-Pack Sidewall InsulationWEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN INTERMEDIATE

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010

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It Works

“It is not unusual to reduce overall house leakage by 30% to 50% by dense-packing

walls and other closed-in cavities.”- Home Energy Magazine, Nov/Dec 1995

DENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

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1. Siding remover

2. Eye protection and dust mask

3. Hose cut at 45 degree angle

4. Drill bit

5. Plugs

6. Mister (for LSW)

7. Corded, 1/2” drill

8. Cellulose

Typical Tools Used

3

1

2

7

64

8

5

DENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

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• Maintain equipment.

• Inspect walls.

• Determine fill strategy.(attic or wall, interior or exterior)

• Remove siding (if exterior).• Drill.

• Fill.

• Replace/repair.

Order of OperationsDENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

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• Blow in from attic if you can.

• Interior.

• Exterior.

• Drill at top, bottom, middle?

Determine Fill StrategyDENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

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Remove Siding

Aluminum Vinyl

Wood Asbestos

If it can be avoided, remove asbestos siding! Interior blow

DENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Aluminum Siding

Pry and slide / May need metal cutter.

DENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Vinyl Siding

Easier to work with than metal.

DENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Wood Siding

Remove clapboards and pressed board.

Remove enough shingles to re-cover holes.

DENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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• Properly size bit to accept fill tube and movement.

• Drill at angle fill-tube will enter.

• Address large cavities first to get blower busy before tackling details.

• Probe around hole.

DrillDENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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• Probe cavities for blocks - request holes where needed.

• If holes are drilled in the middle of the wall, fill top then bottom.

• Feed hose to farthest point from hole, then pull back 12”.

• Cellulose-only blower: pull hose out 1’ at a time (Faster blower: pull out 2’).

• Adjust air gate: 8’ Cavity should fill in 2 - 4 minutes.

FillDENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

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• Check fill holes: Shouldn’t be able to stick your finger in.

• Check material-to-Volume ratio: One 30 lb. bag should almost fill 3 8’ cavities with 2x4 16” O.C. framing.

Proper DensityDENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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If you’ve blown for overfour minutes without reaching proper density, find out where cellulose is going!

Trouble-Shooting or Shooting Trouble?DENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Replace and Repair

The job isn’t done until the house is put back together.

DENSE-PACK SIDEWALL INSULATION

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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MOBILE HOME TRAINING

Duct Diagnostics and Repair

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010

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A typical mobile home downflow distribution system

Forced Air System Operation #1DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Forced Air System Operation #2

Furnace Duct

Vents

Return Air

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Problems and Opportunities

Photos courtesy of PA WTC

New factory installation includes

duct tape

Failed duct tape

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Visual Checks #1

Photos courtesy of PA WTC

Duct registers are common leakage sites

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Desperate times call for desperate measures…

…when the crawl space is the warmest room of

the house!

Photos courtesy of PA WTC

Visual Checks #2DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Visual Checks #3

Photos courtesy of PA WTC

Large holes

Branch duct leakage

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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The old flashlight and mirror trick

Visual Checks #5

Is that a squeegee down there?!

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Furnace Connection

DuctTermination

Crossover Duct

Branch Duct

Register Boot

TRUNK DUCT

Visual Checks #6

Typical Air Leakage Locations

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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• Depressurize the home to 50 pascals

• Pressure pan each register location

• Record pressure differences

• Repair ducts and retest

Pressure Pan Testing

The goal is to reduce pressure pan readings at each register location to less than 1 pascal.

Remember this number!

Photo Source: US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Duct repair and sealing techniques• Inspect ducts and boots• Repair or replace ducts and

boots • Clean ducts• Seal with mastic and

fiberglass mesh tape

• Seal ends of trunk line• Repair and seal furnace base DUCT INSPECTION AND

MODIFICATION TOOLS

Repairing & Sealing Ducts #1

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Inspect for blockage and

loose seams

Check the flanges and inspect for

damage

Repairing & Sealing Ducts #2

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Make sure to clean ducts before sealing

Repairing & Sealing Ducts #3

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Repairing & Sealing Ducts #4

Repair or replace the boot

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Aluminum coil stock and boot fabrication

Photo courtesy of PA WTC

Repairing & Sealing Ducts – Materials #1

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Butyl-backed tape

Repairing & Sealing Ducts – Materials #2

Photo courtesy of PA WTC

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

Image Source: http://www.hardcast.com/PRODUCTS/pr_detail.asp?pid=3

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Repairing & Sealing Ducts – Materials #3

Mastic sealant

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

Image Source: http://www.rcdmastics.com/pd6.asp

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Use fiberglass mesh tape to span gaps larger than

¼ inch

Latex gloves are often your mastic

brush

Sealing with Mastic #1

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Seal the duct,then patch the belly

board

Mechanically fasten and seal with butyl-backed

aluminum tape or mastic

Repairing and Sealing Ducts #1

Photo courtesy of PA WTCPhoto courtesy of WV GOEO

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Repairing and Sealing Ducts #2

Re-attach disconnected ductwork

Photo courtesy of PA WTC

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Results!

Post Pressure Pan Testing

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

DUCT DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIR

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Basements and Crawl Spaces

WEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN INTERMEDIATE

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010

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• Basements– Intentionally or unintentionally

conditioned

– Unconditioned

• Crawl Spaces– Vented

– Unvented

– Conditioned

Foundation Types

• Pier and beam (exposed floor)

• Concrete Slabs− Insulated − Uninsulated

BASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

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Slab on Grade Foundation

Basement or Crawl Space Foundation

Photo courtesy of PA WTCPhoto courtesy of Wikipedia

Pier and Beam Foundation

BASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

Foundation Types

Photo courtesy of PA WTC

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ConditionedBasement

UnconditionedBasement

ConditionedMain Level

ConditionedBasement BELOW

GRADE

ConditionedMain Level

UnconditionedBasement

Conditioned or Unconditioned?

ABOVEGRADE

Thermal BarrierAir Barrier

BASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

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Conditioned• More than 50% below

grade.

• Relatively tight or unvented foundation.

• A living space.

• Intentional or unintentional space conditioning.

Unconditioned• Less than 50% below grade.

• Leaky, vented, or severely degraded foundation.

• Not a living space.

• No intentional or unintentional space conditioning.

Conditioned or Unconditioned?

Guidelines

BASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

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Basement Diagnostics

Zonal Pressure Diagnostics (ZPD)

• Determine interconnectivity of basement or crawlspace WRT house.

Pressure Pan Testing • Determine relative leakiness

of ducts to outside.

CAZ Testing • Diagnose problems caused

by negative pressures.

BASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

Photo courtesy of PA WTC

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Unconditioned Basements· Air seal all air pathways between the basement and house.· Seal all return and supply ducts.· Insulate all duct work to the recommended R-value. · Insulate open floor joists to the recommended R-value with

fiberglass batt insulation. Be sure to fit insulation batts tightly to the bottom of the sub-floor and attach them with wire supports.

· Insulate enclosed floor cavities with dense-pack insulation.· Pressure pan measurements on duct registers should read

close to 0 Pa.

Basement Retrofit OptionsBASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

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Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Conditioned Basements• Air seal perimeter mud sill, band joist and all air pathways

between the basement and the house.

• Seal return plenum and all return ducts for safety.

• Seal major leaks in supply ducts by mechanically reconnecting boots to register transitions.

• Insulate band joist area to recommended R-Value.

• Consider insulating basement walls.

• Use ZPD to verify that the conditioned crawl space with reference to the house is close to 0 Pa.

Basement Retrofit OptionsBASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

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2 ft

5 ft

Manual J HTM (Btu/hr/sq ft)

43.5

10.6

7.4

Butte,Montana

35.7

8.7

6.1

15.3

3.7

2.6

BASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

Heat Loss by Soil Depth

Kokoma, Indiana

Tampa,Florida

>6 ft

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• Basements and Crawlspaces

Photo courtesy of INCAP

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Photo courtesy of INCAP

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Photo courtesy of INCAP

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Basements and Crawlspaces

Photo courtesy of INCAP

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Foaming the Band JoistBASEMENTS & CRAWL SPACES

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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Materials, Tools & EquipmentWEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICAN FUNDAMENTALS

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Photo courtesy of NRCERT

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Hoses

Insulation Hoses & Hose Reel

3” Hose Wall Tube Hose Reel

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Sidewall Drills & Bits

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Drill Shroud

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Air Respirator

Positive Pressure Supplied-Air Respirator

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Duct Mastic

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Combustion Safety Equipment

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Vent Pipe

B-Vent L-Vent Single-WallBlack Pipe

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Trucks & Trailers

Photos courtesy of NRCERT

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

NRCERT Truck Side Hatch

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

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MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy

95 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010 eere.energy.gov

MATERIALS, TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy

96 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – August 2010 eere.energy.gov

Thank you!Kelly Cutchinkcutchin@sms-results.org