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Chapter 9. Experiences leading to learning: conclusions and discussion. Pages 222-244. In: Elske van de Fliert. 1993. Integrated Pest Management: Farmer Field Schools Generate Sustainable Practices. A case

study in Central Java evaluating IPM training. PhD Thesis, Thesis No. 93-3, Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands. Wageningen, Veenman Drukkers, 304 pages.

Keywords: major findings, the context, rice farmers with a green revolution history, conflicts at the introduction of sustainable practices, diversity in the farming communities, selection and composition of field school farmers, field school implementation, consistency of the field school implementation, effects at farmer level, collective action, horizontal communication, economic effects, effects on farm ecology and human health, do farmer field schools generate sustainable practices? the policy context, the practice, the reward, the sustainability, the institutional framework required for IPM, IPM and sustainable agriculture, evaluation, conduct and utilization, diversity in evaluation studies, comparison villages in evaluation studies, influence of study activities on its outcome, evaluation as a learning experience