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Week 6: Journalism 2001Week 6: Journalism 2001October 17, 2005October 17, 2005
North Dakota Proposal!North Dakota Proposal!
Grand Forks Herald:Grand Forks Herald:– http://www.grandforks.com/mld/grandforks/12892698.http://www.grandforks.com/mld/grandforks/12892698.
htmhtm
Fargo Forum:Fargo Forum:– http://www.in-forum.com/articles/index.cfm?http://www.in-forum.com/articles/index.cfm?
id=105555§ion=Newsid=105555§ion=News
Review of last week’s newsReview of last week’s news
Hard News:Hard News:(murders, city council, government, etc.)(murders, city council, government, etc.)– Major local storiesMajor local stories– Major national/international storiesMajor national/international stories– Major sports storiesMajor sports stories
Soft News:Soft News:(retirements, school programs, human interest)(retirements, school programs, human interest)– Local storiesLocal stories– National/international storiesNational/international stories– Sports storiesSports stories
A classmate has a letter A classmate has a letter published in the Duluth News-published in the Duluth News-
Tribune!Tribune!
True
False
50%50%1.1. TrueTrue
2.2. FalseFalse
Mayor Herb Bergson hired Julio Almanza as Mayor Herb Bergson hired Julio Almanza as interim Chief Administrative Officer. interim Chief Administrative Officer. Almanza is former:Almanza is former:
Polic
e Chie
f
Super
inte
nden
t of S
c...
May
or of S
uper
ior
33% 33%33%
1.1. Police ChiefPolice Chief
2.2. Superintendent of Superintendent of SchoolsSchools
3.3. Mayor of SuperiorMayor of Superior
The Vikings are now 1-4.The Vikings are now 1-4.
True
False
50%50%
1.1. TrueTrue
2.2. FalseFalse
Several Viking players are excellentSeveral Viking players are excellentoff-the-field role models. Do you off-the-field role models. Do you
agree?agree?
Yes No
50%50%
1.1. YesYes
2.2. NoNo
Do you think the Vikings’ scandal will help or Do you think the Vikings’ scandal will help or hurt the chances for a new stadium for the hurt the chances for a new stadium for the Gophers, Twins and Vikings?Gophers, Twins and Vikings?
Help
Hurt
Won’t
mat
ter
33% 33%33%
1.1. HelpHelp
2.2. HurtHurt
3.3. Won’t matterWon’t matter
Do you think the media coverage of the Do you think the media coverage of the Vikings’ scandal has been fair, sensational or Vikings’ scandal has been fair, sensational or inaccurate?inaccurate?
Fair
Sensa
tiona
l
Inac
cura
te
33% 33%33%
1.1. FairFair
2.2. SensationalSensational
3.3. InaccurateInaccurate
Kerry Rodd, play-by-play announcer for Kerry Rodd, play-by-play announcer for Bulldog hockey on KDAL-AM 610, was Bulldog hockey on KDAL-AM 610, was fired last week.fired last week.
True
False
50%50%
1.1. TrueTrue
2.2. FalseFalse
Mesaba Airlines filed for Mesaba Airlines filed for bankruptcy last week.bankruptcy last week.
True
False
50%50%
1.1. TrueTrue
2.2. FalseFalse
Wordiness, attribution, Wordiness, attribution, allegedlyallegedly
Retrieved the money: recoveredRetrieved the money: recovered Full name in leadFull name in lead Editorializing: thanks to excellent workEditorializing: thanks to excellent work Exhibiting suspicious behavior: acting Exhibiting suspicious behavior: acting
suspiciouslysuspiciously AttributionAttribution Looking through the windows of parked cars Looking through the windows of parked cars
lined along the street: Looking in parked lined along the street: Looking in parked carscars
Wall kicked in and an illegal entry had been Wall kicked in and an illegal entry had been made: Wall kicked inmade: Wall kicked in
Was found with: hadWas found with: had
Style errors:Style errors:– StatesStates– AgesAges– AddressesAddresses
Run-on sentencesRun-on sentences Recovered all of the approximately Recovered all of the approximately
$741.10: recovered the $741.10$741.10: recovered the $741.10 Made contact: talkedMade contact: talked Pockets overfilled with money: full pocketsPockets overfilled with money: full pockets AdmittedAdmitted Had stolen: is charged withHad stolen: is charged with
Review: Writing a summary Review: Writing a summary leadlead
Usually a single sentenceUsually a single sentence No more than 35 wordsNo more than 35 words Bottom line:Bottom line:
– Use a single sentence of no more than Use a single sentence of no more than 35 words to summarize an event35 words to summarize an event
Chapter 25: LawChapter 25: Law
First AmendmentFirst AmendmentCongress shall make no law respecting Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of the Government for a redress of grievances.grievances.— The First Amendment to the U.S. — The First Amendment to the U.S. ConstitutionConstitution
Judith Miller, who was jailed for refusing to Judith Miller, who was jailed for refusing to identify a source in the naming of a CIA identify a source in the naming of a CIA agent, is a reporter for what newspaper?agent, is a reporter for what newspaper?
1.1. Washington Washington PostPost
2.2. New York TimesNew York Times
3.3. Los Angeles Los Angeles TribuneTribune
Do you agree with Judith Miller’s decision to Do you agree with Judith Miller’s decision to testify before a grand jury after spending 86 testify before a grand jury after spending 86
days in jail?days in jail?
1.1. Strongly AgreeStrongly Agree
2.2. AgreeAgree
3.3. DisagreeDisagree
4.4. Strongly Strongly DisagreeDisagree
Latest Judith Miller Latest Judith Miller developments…developments…
Let’s check the New York Times Let’s check the New York Times websitewebsite– http://www.nytimes.comhttp://www.nytimes.com
LibelLibel
Libel: Communication of false Libel: Communication of false information that damages an information that damages an individual in his or her profession, individual in his or her profession, business or calling.business or calling.– Five requirements for libel action:Five requirements for libel action:
PublicationPublication IdentificationIdentification Harmful to reputationHarmful to reputation Proof of falsityProof of falsity Proof of faultProof of fault
““Red Flag” Words: Libel & Red Flag” Words: Libel & PrivacyPrivacy
adulteryadultery blackmailblackmail confidence confidence manman
drunkarddrunkard
AIDSAIDS blockheadblockhead corruptioncorruption ex-convictex-convict
alcoholicalcoholic booze-houndbooze-hound cowardcoward fraudfraud
altered altered recordsrecords
briberybribery crookcrook gambling dengambling den
Ambulance Ambulance chaserchaser
brothelbrothel deadbeatdeadbeat gangstergangster
AtheistAtheist buys votesbuys votes deadheaddeadhead gaygay
bad moral bad moral charactercharacter
cheatscheats defaulterdefaulter graftgraft
BankruptBankrupt child abusechild abuse divorceddivorced groveling groveling office seekeroffice seeker
bigamistbigamist collusioncollusion double-double-crossedcrossed
herpesherpes
blacklistedblacklisted con artistcon artist drug abuserdrug abuser hit-manhit-man
hypocritehypocrite manipulatemanipulate rape/rapistrape/rapist stool pigeonstool pigeon
illegitimateillegitimate mental illnessmental illness scamscam stuffed the ballot stuffed the ballot boxbox
illicit relationillicit relation mobstermobster scandalmongerscandalmonger suicidesuicide
incompetentincompetent moral moral delinquencydelinquency
scoundrelscoundrel swindleswindle
infidelityinfidelity mouthpiecemouthpiece seducerseducer takentaken
informerinformer Neo-NaziNeo-Nazi sharp dealingsharp dealing thiefthief
insider tradinginsider trading paramourparamour shystershyster unethicalunethical
intimateintimate peeping Tompeeping Tom slackerslacker unmarried motherunmarried mother
intoleranceintolerance perjurerperjurer smooth and trickysmooth and tricky unprofessionalunprofessional
Jekyll-Hyde Jekyll-Hyde personalitypersonality
plagiaristplagiarist smugglersmuggler unsound mindunsound mind
kept womankept woman pockets public pockets public fundsfunds
sneakysneaky unworthy of creditunworthy of credit
Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan price cutterprice cutter sold influencesold influence vice denvice den
liarliar profiteeringprofiteering sold outsold out villainvillain
MafiaMafia prostituteprostitute spyspy fawning fawning sycophantsycophant
Classes of libelous wordsClasses of libelous words
Words imputing the commission of a Words imputing the commission of a criminal offensecriminal offenseAvoid:Avoid:
John Doe was taken into custody Wednesday John Doe was taken into custody Wednesday for murdering Sally Smith Tuesday night.for murdering Sally Smith Tuesday night.
Better:Better:
John Doe was taken into custody Wednesday John Doe was taken into custody Wednesday in connection with (or in the investigation of) in connection with (or in the investigation of) the Tuesday night slaying of Sally Smith.the Tuesday night slaying of Sally Smith.
Words that impute infection with a Words that impute infection with a loathsome communicable disease of loathsome communicable disease of any kind that would tend to exclude any kind that would tend to exclude one from society.one from society.Is this news?:Is this news?:
John Doe, who was elected Wednesday John Doe, who was elected Wednesday to be president of the local chapter of to be president of the local chapter of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, was the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, was treated last summer for a venereal treated last summer for a venereal disease, the Daily Bugle has learned.disease, the Daily Bugle has learned.
Words that impute inability to perform, or Words that impute inability to perform, or want of integrity in the discharge of, duties of want of integrity in the discharge of, duties of office or employment.office or employment.Don’t write:Don’t write:
Public school groundskeeper John Doe is unfit by Public school groundskeeper John Doe is unfit by temperament and intelligence to adequately temperament and intelligence to adequately perform his duties, sources who wish to remain perform his duties, sources who wish to remain anonymous said Wednesday.anonymous said Wednesday.
Words that prejudice a particular person in his Words that prejudice a particular person in his or her profession or trade.or her profession or trade.Don’t write:Don’t write:
Attorney John Doe, who will represent the widow in Attorney John Doe, who will represent the widow in the embezzlement case, is the most incompetent the embezzlement case, is the most incompetent lawyer in town, according to courthouse observers.lawyer in town, according to courthouse observers.
Defamation by implicationDefamation by implication
Implication created by the reporter’s Implication created by the reporter’s organization of facts.organization of facts.John Jones was seen entering the Shady John Jones was seen entering the Shady Oaks motel yesterday with a woman. The Oaks motel yesterday with a woman. The motel is located in a known prostitution motel is located in a known prostitution area.area.
QuotationsQuotations
Reporter/news medium must assume Reporter/news medium must assume responsibility for the statement if it is usedresponsibility for the statement if it is used– The fact that information was provided by a The fact that information was provided by a
source does not necessarily mean that it is source does not necessarily mean that it is correct.correct.
– Beware of off-the-record tips passed along by Beware of off-the-record tips passed along by sources, even high-ranking officials or law sources, even high-ranking officials or law enforcement officers.enforcement officers. Don’t write: Police said that the alleged crook is in Don’t write: Police said that the alleged crook is in
custody.custody. Instead: Police said that the man charged with the Instead: Police said that the man charged with the
crime is in custody.crime is in custody.
Defenses against libelDefenses against libel
Conditional defensesConditional defenses– Privilege of reporting: Fair, accurate Privilege of reporting: Fair, accurate
reporting of official proceedingsreporting of official proceedings– Fair comment and criticism: Applies to Fair comment and criticism: Applies to
opinions about matters of public concernopinions about matters of public concern– Neutral reportage: Report charges made Neutral reportage: Report charges made
by one responsible person or by one responsible person or organization about another when both organization about another when both parties are involved in a public parties are involved in a public controversycontroversy
Absolute libel defensesAbsolute libel defenses
Statute of limitationsStatute of limitations– Two years in MinnesotaTwo years in Minnesota
TruthTruth Privilege of participantPrivilege of participant
– Participants in official proceedingsParticipants in official proceedings Consent or authorizationConsent or authorization Self-defense or right of replySelf-defense or right of reply
Partial defensesPartial defenses
Publication of a retraction: Clear Publication of a retraction: Clear admission of erroneous reportingadmission of erroneous reporting
Facts showing no gross negligence or Facts showing no gross negligence or ill willill will
Facts showing that the reporter Facts showing that the reporter relied on a usually reliable sourcerelied on a usually reliable source
The actual malice standardThe actual malice standard
The New York Times ruleThe New York Times rule– New York Times Co. v. Sullivan: 1964New York Times Co. v. Sullivan: 1964
Supreme Court: To collect damages, a public official Supreme Court: To collect damages, a public official would have to prove the defendant acted with “actual would have to prove the defendant acted with “actual malice;” knowledge that it was false or with reckless malice;” knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not.disregard of whether it was false or not.
– 1967: Supreme Court said that public figures, in 1967: Supreme Court said that public figures, in addition to public officials, also have to show addition to public officials, also have to show actual malice to recover libel damages.actual malice to recover libel damages.
Bottom line:Bottom line:
More protection from libel action if More protection from libel action if plaintiff is a public personplaintiff is a public person..
Checklist for dealing with Checklist for dealing with libellibel
Be aggressive – but don’t take foolish Be aggressive – but don’t take foolish risksrisks
Be fair – keep an open mindBe fair – keep an open mind Seek advice if you are unsure of your Seek advice if you are unsure of your
turfturf
Where to learn moreWhere to learn more
Minnesota statutesMinnesota statutes U.S. Supreme CourtU.S. Supreme Court Federal circuit courtsFederal circuit courts Online legal researchOnline legal research
What’s misspelled?What’s misspelled?
Crois
ant
Break
fast
50%
50%
1.1. CroisantCroisant
2.2. BreakfastBreakfast
Chapter 14: News ReleasesChapter 14: News Releases
What is a news release?What is a news release?– AnnouncementsAnnouncements
New line of productsNew line of products EventsEvents PromotionsPromotions Public service announcementsPublic service announcements
– Cause-promotingCause-promoting FundraisingFundraising VolunteersVolunteers
– Image-buildingImage-building PoliticiansPoliticians CorporationsCorporations
Evaluating news releasesEvaluating news releases
Does it have news value?Does it have news value?– Local, regional or nationalLocal, regional or national
Is it trying to gain free publicity?Is it trying to gain free publicity? Is it worth following up?Is it worth following up?
– Story and/or photographStory and/or photograph Can it be trusted?Can it be trusted?
What is Public Relations?What is Public Relations?
Promoting an organization, Promoting an organization, institution or corporationinstitution or corporation
UMD Communicators CouncilUMD Communicators Council– University RelationsUniversity Relations– Natural Resources Research InstituteNatural Resources Research Institute– Minnesota Sea GrantMinnesota Sea Grant
Which releases will be used?Which releases will be used?
No set formulaNo set formula– Interests of reporters, editorsInterests of reporters, editors– How many people affectedHow many people affected
Usually rewrittenUsually rewritten– Eliminate “fluff:” self-serving, Eliminate “fluff:” self-serving,
promotional infopromotional info– Embarrassing if two media use exact Embarrassing if two media use exact
same wordingsame wording– Often raise additional questionsOften raise additional questions
Emailed releasesEmailed releases
www.pressrelease.netwww.pressrelease.net www.eReleases.comwww.eReleases.com
– How to write a press releaseHow to write a press release ConciseConcise Well-writtenWell-written FactualFactual HonestHonest TimelyTimely
Using news releasesUsing news releases
Boiling down a handoutBoiling down a handout– Determine 5Ws and HDetermine 5Ws and H– Find the leadFind the lead– Eliminate fluffEliminate fluff– Avoid free adsAvoid free ads– Determining local news valueDetermining local news value
Another wayward sign! What’s the correct Another wayward sign! What’s the correct spelling?spelling?
Souve
nirs!
Souva
nirs
50%
50%
1.1. Souvenirs!Souvenirs!
2.2. SouvanirsSouvanirs
Chapter 15:Chapter 15:Speeches, news conferencesSpeeches, news conferences
Covering a speechCovering a speech
Preparation:Preparation:– Research subject, speakerResearch subject, speaker– Prepare questionsPrepare questions– Catch the speaker earlyCatch the speaker early– Advance textsAdvance texts
Research easier, but Research easier, but speakersspeakers
often wander from textoften wander from text
– Tape recorderTape recorder Use for backup of quotesUse for backup of quotes
Steps to follow during the Steps to follow during the speechspeech
Take copious notesTake copious notes– Quotations: mark notesQuotations: mark notes
Make observationsMake observations– Clothing, mannerismsClothing, mannerisms
Listen for newsListen for news– What makes this speech special?What makes this speech special?
Listen for summariesListen for summaries Follow-up questionsFollow-up questions
Writing the speech storyWriting the speech story
Questions to answer:Questions to answer:– What is the key point?What is the key point?– What are the other major points?What are the other major points?– Which quotes are the best?Which quotes are the best?– Is any of this news?Is any of this news?– When is the deadline?When is the deadline?
Organizing the informationOrganizing the information– Inverted-pyramid news storiesInverted-pyramid news stories
Summary lead:Summary lead:– 35 words, usually one sentence35 words, usually one sentence
Second paragraph:Second paragraph:– Back up lead with strong quote, paraphraseBack up lead with strong quote, paraphrase
Third paragraph:Third paragraph:– Continue developing lead, or write transitional Continue developing lead, or write transitional
paragraph (possibly bullets)paragraph (possibly bullets) Fourth paragraph or after the bullets:Fourth paragraph or after the bullets:
– Continue developing lead, or developing bulleted itemsContinue developing lead, or developing bulleted items Balance of the story:Balance of the story:
– Quotations, paraphrasesQuotations, paraphrases Final paragraph:Final paragraph:
– Try to end with direct quotationTry to end with direct quotation– Never: “he/she concluded”Never: “he/she concluded”
News ConferencesNews Conferences
Gang interviewGang interview– All reporters get same informationAll reporters get same information
Why call a news conference?Why call a news conference?– After a crisisAfter a crisis– Explain controversyExplain controversy– Make an announcementMake an announcement– Can control what’s given to reportersCan control what’s given to reporters
Covering a news conferenceCovering a news conference
Do your homework!Do your homework!– Read news releasesRead news releases– Research old storiesResearch old stories– Research speakerResearch speaker– Talk to editorsTalk to editors– Talk to other reportersTalk to other reporters
What will not be coveredWhat will not be covered
Advance storyAdvance story– Brief story announcing eventBrief story announcing event– Often only coverage of eventOften only coverage of event
Questions and answersQuestions and answers– Television reporters often have the edgeTelevision reporters often have the edge
Speakers wants to be seen as well as heardSpeakers wants to be seen as well as heard
– Arrive early for a good seatArrive early for a good seat
News conference as media News conference as media eventevent
Presidential news conferencePresidential news conference– Began with Theodore RooseveltBegan with Theodore Roosevelt– Today major news eventToday major news event
Reporters also want to be seen and heardReporters also want to be seen and heard Draws 300 reporters, usually lasts 30 Draws 300 reporters, usually lasts 30
minutesminutes
Online speech sourcesOnline speech sources
Great American Speeches: PBSGreat American Speeches: PBS– www.pbs.org/greatspeeches/www.pbs.org/greatspeeches/
The History ChannelThe History Channel– http://www.historychannel.com/speechehttp://www.historychannel.com/speeche
s/s/ infoUSAinfoUSA
– http://http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/speeches.htusinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/speeches.htmm
An awfully long day…An awfully long day…
Assignments due today Assignments due today (10/17)(10/17)
Out of Class Assignments:Out of Class Assignments:– Hard News AssignmentHard News Assignment– Sports Story Pitch; final article due Sports Story Pitch; final article due
10/3110/31 In Class Assignments:In Class Assignments:
– Questions for next week’s speakerQuestions for next week’s speaker– Sports Editing worksheetSports Editing worksheet
Speaker 10/24Speaker 10/24 Tom Wilkowske, reporter and editor of the Tom Wilkowske, reporter and editor of the
Wave at the Duluth News-TribuneWave at the Duluth News-Tribune– University of Minnesota Journalism GraduateUniversity of Minnesota Journalism Graduate– Editor of the Minnesota Daily, 1986-87Editor of the Minnesota Daily, 1986-87– Reporter for the Winona Daily NewsReporter for the Winona Daily News– Publications Editor, UMD University RelationsPublications Editor, UMD University Relations– Reporter at Duluth News-TribuneReporter at Duluth News-Tribune
Write three questions and email them to Write three questions and email them to Lucy Kragness at: Lucy Kragness at: lkragnes@d.umn.edulkragnes@d.umn.edu
Remember to bring questions to next Remember to bring questions to next week’s classweek’s class
Due 10/31: News Release/Public Due 10/31: News Release/Public Relations Assignment Story PitchRelations Assignment Story Pitch
Length of story pitch: three paragraphs, Length of story pitch: three paragraphs, about 200 wordsabout 200 words
Include the 5Ws and HInclude the 5Ws and H
Option 1: Select a news release from the Option 1: Select a news release from the UMD website to expand into storyUMD website to expand into story
Option 2: Prepare news release promoting Option 2: Prepare news release promoting an event/cause about an organization you an event/cause about an organization you are involved withare involved with
EgradebookEgradebook
Doublecheck assignments correct in Doublecheck assignments correct in egradebook:egradebook:– http://www.d.umn.edu/egradebookhttp://www.d.umn.edu/egradebook
PortfolioPortfolio
Store academic information on your Store academic information on your Electronic Portfolio. Each student has Electronic Portfolio. Each student has 100 mb of storage.100 mb of storage.
Access Electronic Portfolio at: Access Electronic Portfolio at: https://https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.jspportfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.jsp
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