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Wetlands: Restoration and Creation. Andrew McMillan Cylphine Bresdin. Two Approaches. Treatment Municipal Industrial Agricultural Storm Water. Mitigation Policy Restore Create Aesthetics. Wetland Functions. Multiple major Functions Catchment Slows and detours storm runoff. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Wetlands:Restoration and Creation
Andrew McMillanCylphine Bresdin
Two Approaches
Treatment Municipal Industrial Agricultural Storm Water
Mitigation Policy Restore Create Aesthetics
Multiple major Functions Catchment
Slows and detours storm runoff
WETLAND FUNCTIONS
City park
Multiple major Functions Catchment
Slows and detours storm runoff Habitat
Flora Fauna microorganisms
WETLAND FUNCTIONS
Canal
Multiple major Functions Catchment
Slows and detours storm runoff Habitat
Flora Fauna microorganisms
Filtration Pollutants and toxins
WETLAND FUNCTIONS
Treatment Lagoon
Multiple major Functions Catchment
Slows and detours storm runoff Habitat
Flora Fauna microorganisms
Filtration Pollutants and toxins
Climatic effects Evens out the ambient temperature
WETLAND FUNCTIONS
Golf course
Definitions from text page 379
DEFINITIONSconsidered all wetland types
PRINCIPLES
Self sufficient over timeHabitat for aquatic and wildlife
Habitat for (re)vegetation
Surrounding environment
Transition edge effects
Micro organisms
Geomorphology
Hydrology
Purpose
Type
POLICY Clean Water Act (CWA)
Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the CWAhttp://www.nap.edu.catalog/10134.html
Legal success No-net-loss
Ecological success Location
hydrology Self regulating
succession Wetland bank
compensatory
Image from text page 380
Restore what has been lost due to human actionWetland Reserve Program1990 Farm Bill
Bottomland forestagriculture runoffPre-filterSoil stabilizationHabitat
Image from text page 389
RESTORATION
Legal responsibilitiesHidden benefits
CatchmentAestheticsEcological
CREATION
Create new to replace lost
Canyon Park Detention Pond
AESTHETICSCreated pond as landscape element
CALA Building Underwood Garden
Rain water harvesting and cycling Respite Education
Local agency over-site
CONSTRUCTEDCreated pond as backyard waste water treatment
Image from Oklahoma pamphlet on residential wetlands
Two Approaches
Treatment Municipal Industrial Agricultural Storm Water
Mitigation Policy Restore Create Aesthetics
Wetland Functions Major Function: water filtration Water will slow trapping suspended solids by
vegetation and settling out Pollutants are transformed to less soluble
forms Taken up by plants or will become inactive
Microorganisms thrive in wetland environment Microorganisms assist in transforming and
removing pollutants from aquatic systems
Wastewater SourcesWastewater Category
Origin Frequency Description
Municipal wastewater
Residential & Commercial
Continuous Urine, feces, paper, plastics, soaps, greases, household chemicals
Industrial wastewater
Industrial processes and leachates
Continuous- intermittent
Diluted solution of biodegradable and non-degradable chemicals
Agricultural wastewater
Agricultural practices (slaughter houses, feedlots, chemicals)
Continuous- intermittent
Diluted solution of biodegradable compounds
Storm waters Runoff from urban, suburban, & rural areas
Intermittent Diluted mixtures of mineral & organic solids, dissolved salts, nutrients, and trace constituents
Municipal Wastewater
Industrial Wastewater
• Small percentage can discharge wastewaters for wetland systems for treatment– Requires pretreatment
• Most contain toxic constituents at toxic conc. detrimental to wildlife & wetland treatment systems
Agricultural Wastewater
• Receives minimal treatment
• Usually through lagoons
• Treatment wetland systems are important for concentrated & pretreated agricultural wastewaters
• Urban & suburban runoff are sometimes channelized to storm sewers to municipal treatment facilities
• Most runoff is diverted to detention ponds for treatment
Storm Waters
• Nitrogen Removal
• Nitrogen Removal
• Phosphorous Removal
• Nitrogen Removal
• Phosphorous Removal
• BOD Removal
• Nitrogen Removal
• Phosphorous Removal
• BOD Removal
• Metals Removal
When to construct wetlands for treatment?
• Affordable– Total costs: operation, maintenance, and
depreciation are financially feasible• Operable
– Can operation be sustained with local labor and support
• Reliable– Will system be efficient at maintain effluent
quality requirements consistently
When to construct wetlands for treatment?
• Affordable– Total costs: operation, maintenance, and
depreciation are financially feasible• Operable
– Can operation be sustained with local labor and support
• Reliable– Will system be efficient at maintain effluent
quality requirements consistently
Free Water Surface & Subsurface Flow Systems
Free Water Surface & Subsurface Flow Systems
Free Water Surface & Subsurface Flow Systems
Carolina Bays: Horry County, SC
• Treatment plant will discharge 2.5 mgd of wastewater– Discharge 1in/week
• Slowly released after primary and secondary treatment for tertiary treatment
• 4-Bays; Alternate flow based upon flow rate and condition of bays
Carolina Bays: Horry County, SC
• Treatment plant will discharge 2.5 mgd of wastewater– Discharge 1in/week
• Slowly released after primary and secondary treatment for tertiary treatment
• 4-Bays; Alternate flow based upon flow rate and condition of bays
Fort Deposit, AL• Rely majority on
microorganisms to breakdown organic matter and nutrients
• Cells constructed to simulate natural wetlands
• System is designed for the retention time of wastewater to be ~30 days– Average decomposition rate
varies upon season therefore retention time can be adjusted by effluent adjustment
Fort Deposit, AL• Rely majority on
microorganisms to breakdown organic matter and nutrients
• Cells constructed to simulate natural wetlands
• System is designed for the retention time of wastewater to be ~30 days– Average decomposition rate
varies upon season therefore retention time can be adjusted by effluent adjustment
Fort Deposit, AL• Rely majority on
microorganisms to breakdown organic matter and nutrients
• Cells constructed to simulate natural wetlands
• System is designed for the retention time of wastewater to be ~30 days– Average decomposition rate
varies upon season therefore retention time can be adjusted by effluent adjustment
Conclusion
• Wastewater treatment wetlands are not the solution to all water quality issues
• Although thousands of constructed wetlands prove this process of treatment is an appropriate approach for a number of contaminants based upon the given situation
• Several factors should be considered prior to designing and building
Wetlands: Restoration and Creation
Restoration, Creation, and Recovery of Wetlands, Mary E. Kentula, EPAConstructed Wetlands: Using Human Ingenuity, Natural Processes to Treat Water, Build Habitat, Joe GeltWetlands, Mitsch and GosselinkCWA report available from http://www.nap.edu.catalog/10134.html
Constructed Wetlands and Aquatic Plant Systems for Municipal Wastewater Treatment, EPAConstructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment and Wildlife Habitat, EPATreatment Wetlands, Kadlec & KnightConstructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment, Donald A Hammer
Credits
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