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1 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
What comes after 100G? DWDM Super-channels
Abhijeet Deore
Senior Manager, Solutions Marketing
Infinera Corp.
2 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
Agenda
What is a super-channel?
Practical implementation issues
Super-channel related standards
Infinera Super-channel Vision
3 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
What is a “super-channel” Why do service providers need this technology?
10G DWDM
500G Super-Channel
1998
1 Tb Super-Channel
Traffic Growth
2000 2010 2014
40G DWDM
100G DWDM
2012 2002 2004 2006 2008
2.5G DWDM
Cloud
Video
Mobile
Broadband
Super-channel: several optical carriers combined to create a channel of desired capacity
Turn up more capacity in a single operational cycle
Scale fiber capacity and reach
Support next generation data service rates
4 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
100G Line Card
How do we get to >100G ?
The way 1Tb/s is brought into service today
Bulky
Power-hungry
Does not scale operationally
5 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
What are the properties of a super-channel?
Line Card
A super-channel implements multiple carriers - ideally in a
single line card…
It has excellent optical performance
All carriers are provisioned in a single
operational cycle…
And is seen as a single unit of capacity
by the services that use it
It’s practical to build…
6 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
10 Lasers 40 Modulators 32 GBaud electronics ~32nm Silicon Time to Market: ~1 year
375 GHz 375 GHz
2 Lasers 8 modulators 160 Gbaud Electronics ~16nm Silicon
Time to Market: ~7 years
1 Tb/s PM-QPSK
375 GHz
1 Laser 4 modulators 320 Gbaud Electronics ~ 11 nm Silicon Time to Market: ~10 years
Why do we need multi-carrier super-channels?
C Band
Must be spectrally efficient, and possible to manufacture
7 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
PM-QPSK is the modulation technique of choice for 100G
So what is the impact of moving to higher order modulation (e.g. 16QAM)?
The Short Answer:
Increased spectral efficiency
Shorter optical reach before regeneration needed
Moving to higher order modulation
8 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
BPSK
+ Coherent Detection
1 bit per symbol
More Bits per Symbol: Optical Performance vs Fiber Capacity
QPSK 2 bits per symbol
8QAM 3 bits per symbol
16QAM 4 bit per symbol
Decreasing Reach
More bits per symbol = shorter reach
Increasing Capacity
9 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
Types of super-channel (IETF Terminology)
Split Spectrum
500 GHz*
G.694.1 50GHz Grid
Contiguous Spectrum (aka “FlexGrid”, “gridless”)
375 GHz
Pros: Backwards compatible with ITU grid-based ROADMs and line systems
Cons: 25% “wasted” spectrum due to guard bands between channels
Pros: Reclaim 25% “wasted” spectrum
Cons: Incompatible with legacy WSS ROADMs (fixed ITU grid)
*Illustrative only; non-contiguous carriers
10 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
1T PM-16QAM 5 carrier SC (200 GHz)
1T PM-QPSK 10 carrier SC (375GHz)
ITU-T: Grid vs Flex Grid
50GHz
100G PM-QPSK
SC DC
12.5GHz
The “classic” 50GHz grid works well up to 100G
But what if you need, eg. a 1Tb/s PM-QPSK super-channel? • Use a 12.5GHz granularity FlexGrid
• Should work for most permutations
11 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
Component standardization • Possible that OIF will extend its 100G work to cover super-channels
ITU-T G.694.1 Grid • A flex grid has been approved, based on 12.5GHz granularity
ITU-T SG15, Question 11 (aka “OTUadapt”) • Requirement emerging for flexible container sizing (cf. ODUFlex)
• Proposed by Infinera, Finisar and Verizon
IETF CCAMP • Generalized Label for Super-Channel Assignment on Flexible Grid
• Infinera and VZ co-author
• OSPFTE extension to support GMPLS for Flex Grid
• Infinera author
Line-side interoperability • Currently not a goal for the standards bodies
Super-Channel Standards Work
13 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
Infinera Vision for Practical Super-Channels The 3 Pillars
PIC-based implementation
Integrated OTN switching
FlexCoherent modulation
15 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
Large Scale PIC Implementation: More Compact, More Efficient, More Reliable
PIC
A super-channel implements multiple carriers - ideally in a
single line card…
PICs • Simpler • Lower power • Higher reliability
Excellent optical performance
All carriers are provisioned in a single
operational cycle
16 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
PICs are the ideal way to implement super-channels Reliability and density are key issues…
The MTBF is about the same per card
Competitor 100G line side card Infinera 500G super-channel
Competitive implementations need five cards to equal capacity
Competitor 500G line side cards
Competitive implementations need ten cards to equal capacity
Infinera 1T super-channel Competitor 1T line side cards
Infinera PIC’s have surpassed 650 Million field hours with zero failures
18 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
40% fill λ 8 x
sub-λ
Need for digital switching is increasing Switching is essential to maximize λ utilization
1 x 10G λ 4 x 10G λ
λ 3 x 10G
26% Fill 80% Fill
Service rate ≠ Optical channel rate → Digital Switching Required
2017 Optical channel
1T Super-Channel
Sub 10G
10G
40G
100G
(Source: Ovum)
2017 Service mix
Example, Circa 2012
20 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
FlexCoherent = “Dial-a-Reach”
Ability to optimize reach vs. capacity on a given link is key • Per super-channel modulation format control
FlexCoherentTM enables practical trade-offs With a single operation
Ability to change modulation formats on the fly a must…
Reach Capacity
PM-16QAM
PM-QPSK
PM-BPSK
21 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
B X
C
A
Metro
Long Haul
Subsea
1Tb/s PM-QPSK Super-Channel
1Tb/s PM-16QAM Super-Channel
1Tb/s PM-BPSK Super-Channel
FlexCoherentTM Modulation Maximize flexibility, Minimize complexity
22 | Infinera Confidential & Proprietary
Super-Channels are the answer to the question “what comes after 100G?”
They address three key problems of scale • Turn up more capacity in a single operational cycle
• Extract more total capacity from the fiber
• Support next generation services “beyond 100G”
Key implementation criteria: • Large Scale Photonic Integration
• FlexCoherent Modulation
• Integrated OTN Switching
Summary
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