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What is Ecology?What is Ecology?
Origin of the word…”ecology”
Greek origin
OIKOS = household
LOGOS = study of…
Study of the “house/environment” in which we live.
Ecology is study of interactions between non-living components in the environment…
light water wind nutrients in soil heat solar radiation atmosphere, etc.
AND…
Living organisms… Plants
Animals
microorganisms in soil, etc.
To study Ecology involves…
For non-living (abiotic) Cycles including: water Phosphorus Nitrogen
CO2 and O2
soil analysis, etc.
For living (biotic)
animal behaviorOrganisms and their relationships population (studies) etc.
Ecology… views each locale as an integrated whole of
interdependent parts that function as a unit.
tundracaribou
Nonliving
dead organic matter
nutrients in the soil and water.
Producers green plantsTundra
Consumers herbivores and
carnivores
Decomposers fungi and bacteria
Tundra
Caribou
ECOLOGY: ECOLOGY:
Levels of Levels of OrganizationOrganization
- a hierarchy of organization- a hierarchy of organization in the environmentin the environment
Levels of organization - Terms
Biosphere Surface of the earth Composed of many ecosystems
Ecosystem
Includes living and nonliving organism's Large or small as we decide
Backyard, Central Park, butterfly garden outside Ms. Sprattler’s room (by tennis courts)
Levels of organization - Terms
Community – All living populations (diff. species) that live in a particular area.
Population – one species live in one place at one time
Levels of organization - Terms
Habitat – Address of an organism, physical location of community
Organism – simplest level of organization
Niche ~ role in the environment
Cape May WarblerFeeds at the tips of branchesnear the top of the tree
Bay Breasted WarblerFeeds in the middlepart of the tree
Yellow-Rumped WarblerFeeds in the lower part of the tree andat the bases of the middle branches
Detritivores Feed on dead/ decaying matter
Decomposer
Part II Organisms & relationships
Relationships in the Environment
Symbiosis - When 2 species live closely together
Predator - Prey =one organisms lives and the other organisms dies (-, -)
Lynx and Snowshoe Hare
Predator Prey graph
Parasitism ~ one organisms benefits and the other organism is harmed
( -,-)
Commensalism ~ One organism benefits and the other organism is not affected
( + , o )
Commensalism ( +,o)
Mutualism ~ Both organisms benefit( +, +)
Crocodile and plover – plover picks leeches and food from open croc
mouth
Part III ~ Feeding Relationships
Food Chains~ A pathway for matter and energy to pass from one organism to another
Organisms eat and are eaten
Food chain ~ a series of steps in where organisms transfer energy by
eating and being eaten
Many organisms eat more than one type of food ~ food web
Food Chains Seldom stand Alone
Food Weba network of feeding interactions of various organisms
in an ecosystem
Food webs More diverse ecosystems bring more
stability to an Ecosystem
The End!!
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