What is the difference between a conservative and a liberal? What are some conservative beliefs?...

An Age of Ideologies

:New systems of

thought and belief

Quickwrite:What is the difference between

a conservative and a liberal? What are some conservative beliefs? What are some liberal beliefs?

New political philosophies:A legacy of the French Revolution

Liberte (Liberty): › led to liberalism

Egalite (Equality): › led to socialism

Fraternite (Fraternity): › led to nationalism & imperialism

Industrial Revolution influences

new political philosophies

New wealth› Possessed by bourgeois

New working conditions› Experienced by socialists

New trade patterns› Internal competition in Europe› Imperialist expansion

Conservatives of the 1800s

Appealed to: Monarchs, noble-landowners,

church leaders› Approved of a social order where

the lower classes obeyed the upper class

› Backed the idea of an established church

Peasants› Wanted to preserve traditional

ways

Believed… talk of natural rights and a

constitutional government would only lead to chaos

change must come slowly

their work benefited all people by maintaining peace and stability

Actions Formed “Concert of

Europe”› group of monarchs who worked together to suppress revolutionary ideas in Europe

Liberals of the 1800s

Appealed to: The bourgeoisie – the

‘middle class’› business owners, bankers, lawyers, politicians

Believed government should be based on:

a written constitution Separation of powers protection of natural rights

of indivudiuals Idea of a republic

› wanted rulers elected by the people

But… government’s main job was

to protect basic rights

NOT TO…› interfere with business› strongly supported laissez faire economics – saw the free market as “opportunity” for all

Hmmmmm….Where do the working class citizens fit in??

Rise of Nationalism in

the 1800s

Nationalism extreme pride in your nation gives people a sense of

identity

Early 1800s - groups with shared heritage set out to win their own states› Goal: create their own homeland

Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

Serbs against Ottoman empire

Greeks revolt against Ottomans

French rebels fight for constitutional monarch

Belgium wins indepence Poles fight (but fail) France revolts again…

Revolution surges through Europe

Middle class wanted a greater share of political power

Workers demand wanted relief from miseries

Nationalists of ALL classes wanted to be rid of foreign rule