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WHAT IS THE SAME THING BETWEEN THEM??
Leading peopleInfluencing peopleCommanding peopleGuiding people
Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through change.to achieve organizational objectives through change.
WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
PowerA fundamental understanding of peopleAbility to inspire followers to apply their full
capabilitiesThe leader’s style and the development of a conducive
organizational climate
INGREDIENT OF LEADERSHIP
INFLUENCING
The process of affecting other’s attitudes and behavior to achieve an objective.
9-4
FORMAL AND INFORMAL LEADERS
Formal Leader: A member of an organization who is given authority to influence other organizational members to achieve organizational goals.
Informal Leader: An organizational member with no formal authority to influence others, but who has special skills or talents to influence others.
LEADER ATTRIBUTES
Intellectual Traits;Intellectual Traits; Judgmental abilityJudgmental ability KnowledgeKnowledge Verbal abilitiesVerbal abilities
Personality Traits;Personality Traits; Alertness Originality Personal integrity Self confidence Creativity Emotional balance Diplomacy
Physical TraitsPhysical Traits Supervision AbilitySupervision Ability
VS.
Planning & Budgeting Targets/Goals
Organizing & StaffingControlling & Problem
SolvingFocus on thingsDo things rightFormal authority
Change Setting Direction -Visions Aligning People Motivating “Inspiring/Moving” Focus on people Do the right things Influence Personal Charisma
Rational Intuitive
Managers Leaders
Autocratic
TYPE OF LEADERSHIP
Follower Follower Follower
Leader makes decisions without reference to anyone elseHigh degree of dependency on the leaderCan create de-motivation and alienation
of staffMay be valuable in some types of business where
decisions need to be made quickly and decisively
AUTOCRATIC
Democratic
TYPE OF LEADERSHIP
Follower Follower Follower
Encourages decision making from different perspectives –leadership may be emphasized throughout the organisation
May help motivation and involvementWorkers feel ownership of the firm and its ideasImproves the sharing of ideas
and experiences within the businessCan delay decision making
DEMOCRATIC
LAISSEZ-FAIRE OR FREE REIN
Follower Follower Follower
‘Let it be’ – the leadership responsibilities are shared to the subordinates
Can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are important
Can be highly motivational, as people have control over their working life
Can make coordination and decision making time-consuming and lacking in overall direction
Relies on good subordinates
LAISSEZ-FAIRE
The Trait theories Leadership is rooted in the characteristic that certain
individuals possesSet characteristics that determine good leader
Are such characteristics inherently gender biased? Do such characteristics produce good leaders? Does this imply that leaders are born not bred?
THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
Self confidence Knowl
edge
Charisma Drive
Honesty &
Integrity
The Behavioral theoryImply that leaders can be trained – focus on the way
of doing thingsStructure based behavioural theories – focus on the leader
instituting structures – task orientatedRelationship based behavioural theories – focus on the
development and maintenance of relationships – process orientated
THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
The Contingency Theory Leadership as being more flexible – different leadership styles used
at different times depending on the circumstance. Suggests leadership is not a fixed series of characteristics that can
be transposed into different contexts May depend on:
Type of staff History of the business Culture of the business Quality of the relationships Nature of the changes needed Accepted norms within the institution
THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
TRANSACTIONAL VS. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Transactional : Leadership that motivates followers by exchanging rewards for high performance and noticing and reprimanding subordinates for mistakes and substandard performance.
Transformational : Leadership that inspires followers to trust the leader, perform behaviors that contribute to the achievement of organizational goals, and perform at a high level.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSACTIONAL LEADERS
Contingent Reward: Contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good performance, recognizes accomplishments.
Management by Exception (active): Watches and searches for deviations from rules and standards, takes corrective action.
Management by Exception (passive): Intervenes only if standards are not met.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS
Charisma: Provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust.
Inspiration: Communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses important purposes in simple ways.
Intellectual Stimulation: Promotes intelligence, rationality, and careful problem solving.
Individualized Consideration: Gives personal attention, treats each employee individually, coaches, advises.
TransformationalTransformationalLeadershipLeadership
CreatingCreatinga Visiona Vision
CommunicatingCommunicatingthe Visionthe Vision
BuildingBuildingCommitmentCommitment
ModellingModellingthe Visionthe Vision
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ELEMENTS
TransactionalLeadership
•Motivating for performance at expected levels
•Initiating structure to clarify roles and
tasks
•Stressing the linkbetween reward andgoal achievement.
•Uses agreed uponperformance to
motivate
TransformationalLeadership
•Motivating for performance beyond expectations
•Inspiring for missions beyondself interest.
•Instilling confidence to achieveperformance
Performancebeyondexpectations
Transformational LeadershipGoes Beyond TransactionalLeadership
Another term for PEER BASED ORGANIZATIONGrow from a thinking that, with ‘LEADER’ position, we create a
dychotomy: One of a leaders – a select and privilege few One of a followers – the vast majority
‘LEADER’ create RANK in position can immotivate members/subordinates
In Peer based Organization Openness Transparency Competence Alignment
‘LEADERLESS’ ORGANIZATION
@iameliaTHANK YOU
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