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Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Whitby feasibility Study
Group 1, Team 2
Alan Majeed
Edison Derrick Mugoya
Sabah Anwar Hamagareb
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Suhayl Motara
12017553
12006149
12017737
11023194
12008545
Client: Coastal Development Consortium (CDC)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Executive Summary Report (Alan Majeed) Team Two has been contracted by the Coastal Development Consortium (CDC) to
undertake feasibility study on the proposed regeneration and development of the harbour
zone of Whitby. A site investigation within the Whitby town and its environments illustrate
that there are conceivable ways of improving the harbour regions with numerous ideas that
can address the economic matters and other problems facing the town of Whitby. This report
demonstrates that the nominated options suggest adequate flexible designs to be
established that will address the complete requirements within affordable budget and
reasonable time.
This feasibility study is anticipated not only to let the town to carry on to flourish, but also to
blend in with the traditional values, historical characters that include both architectural
displays and memorials of the town. Additional attentions was given in this study that is
adapted towards certain considerations that include the restrictions of planning approval’s
such as; historical protections of archaeological artefacts, protected species of flora and
fauna, sustainability and energy sources along with environmental impact, exposure
conditions of materials used because of the predominant climatic conditions, transporting
materials with specific attention to Whitby’s traffic congestion and the detailed geology of
the area as well as the proposed sites.
At present Whitby town is facing many problems which have been measured from our study,
such as; coastal erosion and flooding, young population leaving Whitby and seeking better
life style, costly maintenance of the Swing Bridge, traffic congestion, current parking areas,
decreasing fishing and cargo industries, and the need to improve incomes all year round
from various sectors like tourism and leisure.
Matrix method was used in selecting different proposals through a series of parameters that
includes all the matters that has to accommodate the client specifications, to allow us chose
the most feasible and appropriate solutions after being critically evaluated and scored
against advantage and disadvantage measures.
The following developments have being proposed after taking account of Creating Revenue
for the CDC and making it economically sustainable with an improvement to tourist
attractions;
The report of the development has discussed Park and Ride Scheme, from choosing
of the location, size of facility in terms of the capacity, the environmental impact of the
development within a national park and the design that it blends in to its natural environment
as finest as is possible.
The total area of the site is 11.9 ha that makes it 119,000 m2 ,located on south east side of
Whitby on Stainsacre lane (A171) leading to Scarborough, this location is only 1.1 miles
away from the high bridge and 1.7 mile away from Whitby town centre. A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
The detailed designs for the provision of a 1785 space car park situated within the Park and
Ride site including 96 spaces for people with special needs and 11 spaces dedicated for
coaches. The site contains a large furnished waiting area for passengers with two separate
toilets for ladies and gents, two offices for stuff and drivers along with a shop/ café. A
transportation system was examined with possible routes and solution of small electrical
buses was decided because of speed and manoeuvrability purposes which would be a
problem with in a town of narrow road passageways.
A multifunctional building located on the endeavour wharf on the west side of the
river Esk on Langborne road with the total area of 9,487.89 m2. The building will be
architecturally challenging as it will need to be the centre of the new development both
commercial and economical whilst retaining an aesthetically accepted design to the locals. It
is sustainable in operations, integrated with the environment and with a minimum effect on
the flora and fauna ecosystem.
The building contains Basement, ground floor, first and second floor and each floor will be
used for different purpose such as; educational and training, cinema, theatre, cyber café,
seminar rooms, museum gallery and temporary Exhibition and café shop.
For improving the harbour zone the first proposal is improving the main pontoon on
west side and extending the existing pontoons towards the high bridge in the south by
building 200 more moorings with platforms. The second part of the solution was building a
Boats-storage on the Langborne road beside river Esk, which is a safe building where the
boat owners could leave their boats for a long or short time and their boats will be locked
and stored, the building is also contain service and fuel station where the boats can be
repaired or topped up with fuel.
For the architectural compatibility reason the building shape is designed as an upside down
boat to make it more appealing to the area. The total area required for this proposal is one
acre of land. The storage capacity of this proposal is 70 small and 50 large boats, which
means another 120 free spaces created in the pontoon/marina area to be used by other
boats.
A new two leaf bascule bridge with a length of 118m having a single carriageway of
3m width and two pedestrian walkways of 3m width on each side will be built crossing
Endeavour Wharf adjoining church street on the west side of Whitby. Team two decided that
the swing bridge should undergo a full refurbishment and become a pedestrian only bridge
with installing benches, lighting, hanging flower baskets and other makeovers.
The report contains water sport activates proposal which attracts more tourism to
Whitby and creates more jobs for locals especially young people, also gives them an
opportunity to enjoy living in Whitby.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
For providing more energy resources a new off shore wind farm would be an
excellent opportunity for Whitby and a particular location 15 km away from the coast was
chosen for this proposal with an estimated capacity of 500MW and the total area needed for
this off shore wind farm will be about 260 km2.
The total cost for the above proposals has been estimated as £1,516,597,300
Method statements and risk assessments are provided for the safe construction of the
double bascule bridge and multi-function building including Gantts chart.
RECOMMENDATION
We recommend for development outside the Harbour zone based on some of the initial
considerations, we believe that a new canal proposal would be an alternative means of
indulging majority of the Whitby’s problems as picked up from the site Investigation and the
clients brief, after the above mentioned proposals have been implemented.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Table of Contents Executive Summary Report (Alan Majeed) ...................................................................................... 2
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. 5
List of Figures: .................................................................................................................................... 10
List of Tables: ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Site Investigation (Alan Majeed) ...................................................................................................... 15
Location and routes; ...................................................................................................................... 15
History of Whitby; ........................................................................................................................... 15
Whitby’s Characters; ...................................................................................................................... 16
Economic: .................................................................................................................................... 16
Tourism: ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Access Roads and Congestion; ............................................................................................... 19
Architecture ................................................................................................................................. 20
Ecology ........................................................................................................................................ 20
Whitby’s Geology: ...................................................................................................................... 21
Initial Consideration ........................................................................................................................... 25
Onshore wind farm Service location (Alan Majeed) .................................................................. 25
Park and Ride (Alan Majeed) ....................................................................................................... 28
Water sports (Alan Majeed) .......................................................................................................... 29
Tidal Power Plant (Edison Derrick Mugoya) .............................................................................. 31
Advantages and Disadvantages of using Tidal barrages: ................................................... 31
Offshore Turbines........................................................................................................................... 32
New East Cliff Interchange (Edison Derrick Mugoya) .............................................................. 33
Proposed Canal (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ................................................................................. 35
Bridges (Khalid Al-ahbabi) ............................................................................................................ 37
Leisure centre: ................................................................................................................................ 42
Marina/Pontoon (Sabah Anwar Hamagareb) ............................................................................. 44
Proposal 1 – Construction of fishing and sailing centre; ...................................................... 44
Proposal 2 – Repairs and Service Station for Marinas......................................................... 45
Proposals 4 –Construct the new pontoon in East Pier ......................................................... 47
Summary to Initial Consideration (Edison Derrick Mugoya) .................................................... 51
Detailed Proposals ............................................................................................................................. 52
Traffic Congestion (Alan Majeed) ................................................................................................ 52
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 52
Causes of congestion; ................................................................................................................... 52
Cars .............................................................................................................................................. 52
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Buses or coaches; ...................................................................................................................... 53
Railways....................................................................................................................................... 53
Cycling/motorbikes; .................................................................................................................... 53
Visitors’ access; .......................................................................................................................... 53
Disabled access; ........................................................................................................................ 53
Narrow roads or streets and one way system; ...................................................................... 53
Lack of signs; .............................................................................................................................. 53
Parking Facilities: ....................................................................................................................... 53
Solution for reducing the traffic congestion: ............................................................................... 55
Rental bicycle scheme; ............................................................................................................. 55
Increasing in-town parking fees ............................................................................................... 56
More yellow lines ........................................................................................................................ 57
Digital parking signs ................................................................................................................... 57
Rising Bollard .............................................................................................................................. 58
Park and Ride: ............................................................................................................................ 58
Existing Park and Ride Scheme .............................................................................................. 58
Improving the existing Park and Ride ......................................................................................... 59
Why Park and Ride? .................................................................................................................. 60
Traffic Flow of Whitby and need of parking; ........................................................................... 61
Carbon/Environment .................................................................................................................. 63
Green Park and Ride: .................................................................................................................... 64
Location One; .............................................................................................................................. 64
Location Two; .............................................................................................................................. 65
Location Three; ........................................................................................................................... 67
Chosen site for P&R; ................................................................................................................. 69
Economic ..................................................................................................................................... 70
Site Design .................................................................................................................................. 70
Construction ................................................................................................................................ 74
Why Grasscrete? ........................................................................................................................ 74
Reduce flood risk. ....................................................................................................................... 76
Parking Capacity: ....................................................................................................................... 77
Landscaping ................................................................................................................................ 78
P&R Bus Route Loop: ............................................................................................................... 78
Electric Bus: ................................................................................................................................ 83
Time schedule ............................................................................................................................. 83
Fares ............................................................................................................................................ 84
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Cost .............................................................................................................................................. 84
Conclusion; ...................................................................................................................................... 85
Endeavour Wharf Centre (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ................................................................. 87
Geology of the endeavour wharf centre location ................................................................... 87
Sustainable use of the structure .............................................................................................. 90
Metric sizes ................................................................................................................................. 94
Method Statement (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ............................................................................. 94
Clearing land for Development ................................................................................................. 95
Risk Assessment .......................................................................................................................... 104
BREEAM ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................... 107
Summary to Endeavour Wharf Centre Proposal (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ........................ 108
Detailed Proposal Tourist Attraction Water Sport) (Alan Majeed) ........................................ 109
Fees;........................................................................................................................................... 112
Coast; ......................................................................................................................................... 112
Summary; .................................................................................................................................. 114
New Bridge Proposal (Khalid Al-Ahbabi) .................................................................................. 115
Swing Bridge: ............................................................................................................................ 115
Site investigation: ..................................................................................................................... 116
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 116
New Bridge: ................................................................................................................................... 117
Materials .................................................................................................................................... 118
Composite Steel: ..................................................................................................................... 118
Mastic Asphalt: ......................................................................................................................... 119
Concrete .................................................................................................................................... 120
Paint & Plastic Fencing: .......................................................................................................... 121
Geology .......................................................................................................................................... 122
Method statement for constructing the new bridge: ............................................................ 123
Risk Assessment form: ................................................................................................................ 125
Gantt chart: ................................................................................................................................... 127
Matrix Form: .............................................................................................................................. 128
.................................................................................................................................................... 129
Flood Risk:................................................................................................................................. 130
Transportation of materials: .................................................................................................... 130
Prices and costs: .......................................................................................................................... 130
Drawing: ..................................................................................................................................... 131
Recommendation: .................................................................................................................... 132
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Environmental Impact Assessment (Alan Majeed) ................................................................. 133
Safety signs for and Pedestrian’s Walkway; ........................................................................ 133
Access to bring materials; ....................................................................................................... 133
Materials Storage on construction phase; ............................................................................ 133
Visual Disorder; ........................................................................................................................ 134
Reducing noise and vibration, ................................................................................................ 134
Air Pollution; .............................................................................................................................. 134
Storm Water; ............................................................................................................................. 135
Local Ecology ............................................................................................................................ 135
Archaeological Resources ...................................................................................................... 135
Waste; ........................................................................................................................................ 135
Other measures that we take into account; .......................................................................... 135
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 135
Pontoon/Marina & Boat Storage (Sabah Anwar Hamagereb) ............................................... 136
FLOODS .................................................................................................................................... 136
Planning ..................................................................................................................................... 136
Cause of flood ........................................................................................................................... 137
Whitby’s flood history ............................................................................................................... 137
Vulnerable are in Whitby; ........................................................................................................ 137
Extend the main pontoon in West side ................................................................................. 138
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 139
Construct the Boats storage in West side; ........................................................................... 139
Planning bar chart; ................................................................................................................... 140
Dredging Mud area and Siltation ........................................................................................... 141
Foundation in the river; ............................................................................................................ 141
Materials use; ............................................................................................................................ 142
Sustainability ................................................................................................................................. 143
Flood risk ....................................................................................................................................... 143
Layout and structure; ............................................................................................................... 143
Pontoon design; ........................................................................................................................ 144
Coast of Extension; .................................................................................................................. 144
Boats storage; ............................................................................................................................... 145
Materials Use; ........................................................................................................................... 147
Layout & structure; ................................................................................................................... 148
Typical dimensions of a dry storage rack; ............................................................................ 148
Storage process; ...................................................................................................................... 150
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Sustainability ............................................................................................................................. 151
Flood risk; .................................................................................................................................. 152
Traffic; ........................................................................................................................................ 152
Coast of construction; .............................................................................................................. 153
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 154
Onshore ..................................................................................................................................... 154
Offshore ..................................................................................................................................... 154
Do nothing ................................................................................................................................. 154
Outline of a Wind Turbine ........................................................................................................... 155
Foundations............................................................................................................................... 156
Mono piles: ................................................................................................................................ 156
Jacket/tripod: ............................................................................................................................. 157
Gravity based: ........................................................................................................................... 158
Floating structures: ................................................................................................................... 158
Blades ........................................................................................................................................ 159
Outline of a Wind Farm ........................................................................................................... 159
Potential sites for an offshore wind farm .................................................................................. 160
Location one .............................................................................................................................. 160
Installation/construction ........................................................................................................... 165
Vessels....................................................................................................................................... 165
Foundations............................................................................................................................... 166
Cables ........................................................................................................................................ 166
Operations & Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 169
Cost ............................................................................................................................................ 170
Environmental impacts of the wind farm ............................................................................... 170
Effect to sea bed: ..................................................................................................................... 170
Effects on marine life: .............................................................................................................. 170
Effect on birds: .......................................................................................................................... 171
Effect on Land: .......................................................................................................................... 171
Effect on humans: .................................................................................................................... 171
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 172
Recommendation (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ................................................................................ 173
Reference .......................................................................................................................................... 176
Appendix A ........................................................................................................................................ 180
Minutes and Progress Checks (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ...................................................... 180
GROUP1 (TEAM 2) |MINUTES ................................................................................................. 181
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 182
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 183
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 184
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 185
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 186
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 187
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 188
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 189
............................................................................................................................................................ 189
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 190
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 191
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 192
Action items ............................................................................................................................. 193
Appendix B ........................................................................................................................................ 194
Matrix Forms for initial Consideration ........................................................................................ 194
List of Figures:
Figure 1 river Esk going through Whitby (team camera) ...................................................... 15
Figure 2 Parkol ship making site (team camera) ................................................................. 16
Figure 3 jet and alum (http://herb-magic.com) ..................................................................... 16
Figure 4 The Abbey, St Stephen's Church and 199 Steps. (Team camera) ........................ 17
Figure 5 the piers and swing bridge when opened. (Team camera) .................................... 18
Figure 6 One way road and narrow streets.(Team camera) ................................................ 19
Figure 7 High bridge and the steam train. (Team camera) .................................................. 19
Figure 8 buildings in Whitby, photo taken from 199 steps.(Team camera) .......................... 20
Figure 9 effect of weather on steel. (Team camera) ............................................................ 20
Figure 10 vertical succession of Jurassic rocks in Whitby (student handbook) .................... 21
Figure 11 Geological section through the Whitby harbour. (Student handbook) .................. 22
Figure 12 Contour map of Whitby. (Student handbook) ....................................................... 23
Figure 13 bolts driven through some houses on Church Street. (Team camera) ................. 24
Figure 14 Seamen’s Hospital (team camera) ...................................................................... 24
Figure 15 Tate hill sand ....................................................................................................... 25
Figure 16 Lower Parking Area ............................................................................................. 26
Figure 17 Endeavour Wharf ................................................................................................ 27
Figure 18 Endeavoure Wharf service .................................................................................. 27
Figure 19 Map of Whitby ..................................................................................................... 28
Figure 20 Park & Ride location ............................................................................................ 28
Figure 21 School Location .................................................................................................. 29
Figure 22 Water sport activities www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com ............................ 30
Figure 23 Tidal power Plant ................................................................................................ 32
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 24 Offshore Turbines ............................................................................................... 33
Figure 25 Rail Links Whitby-Middlesbrough, Whitby-Scarborough ...................................... 34
Figure 26 Railway links ....................................................................................................... 35
Figure 27 Canal .................................................................................................................. 36
Figure 28 Swing Bridge (Top view of the Swing Bridge) ...................................................... 37
Figure 29 Location of the new Bridge .................................................................................. 38
Figure 30 New Train Station ................................................................................................ 40
Figure 31 Cycling routes ..................................................................................................... 41
Figure 32 Map from google showing the duration (around 2 hours) From Whitby to
Scarborough) ...................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 33 Proposal site for leisure centre ............................................................................ 42
Figure 34 Ariel view of the leisure centre............................................................................. 43
Figure 35 Image location for fishing and sailing centre ........................................................ 44
Figure 36 Purposed location for Repairs and Service station .............................................. 45
Figure 37 East Side pontoon, proposed for repairs and service station ............................... 45
Figure 38 East side pontoon, purposed for construct new pontoon in upper harbour .......... 46
Figure 39 New Pontoon ...................................................................................................... 46
Figure 40 New Pontoon ...................................................................................................... 47
Figure 41 Map of New Pontoon ........................................................................................... 47
Figure 42 Extend Area ........................................................................................................ 48
Figure 43 West Side Pontoon ............................................................................................. 49
Figure 44 Google map of New Boat Storage ....................................................................... 50
Figure 45 Aquarium ............................................................................................................ 51
Figure 48 mixing traffic on the swing bridge, Halloween 2014.( Whitby Gazette Facebook
page) .................................................................................................................................. 52
Figure 49 Parking space in Whitby (http://en.parkopedia.co.uk/) ......................................... 54
Figure 50 London bike rental (http://www.nileguide.com) .................................................... 55
Figure 51 Amsterdam cycling image
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/activityandadventure/9986271/Cycling-to-Amsterdam.html
........................................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 52 road only for cycling (http://planyourcity.net) ....................................................... 56
Figure 53 to show the double yellow line (http://www.gethampshire.co.uk .......................... 57
Figure 54 Digital parking sign .............................................................................................. 57
Figure 55 Rising Bollard (http://adexdoorsystems.adexgroup.org) ...................................... 58
Figure 56 Location of the existing Park and ride Whitby and proposed site (Digimap ) ........ 59
Figure 57 A171Guisborough Road average monthly flow ................................................... 63
Figure 58 A171 Stainsacre Lane average monthly flow ....................................................... 63
Figure 59 Effect of P&R on A171 inbound summer flow ...................................................... 64
Figure 60 Location one.(https://mapsengine.google.com) ................................................... 64
Figure 61 Total area of location one.(https://mapsengine.google.com) ............................... 65
Figure 62 Existing P&R. (https://mapsengine.google.com) .................................................. 65
Figure 63 Figure () Location Two (https://mapsengine.google.com) .................................... 66
Figure 64 Total area of location two.(https://mapsengine.google.com) ................................ 66
Figure 65 School close to location two. (https://mapsengine.google.com) ........................... 67
Figure 66 Location Three. (https://mapsengine.google.com) ............................................... 67
Figure 67 planning Application for proposed P&R site found on
(http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx ............ 68
Figure 68 North York Moors National Park
http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx ............. 68
Figure 69 proposed site within the national park.
http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx ............. 70
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 70 AutoCAD drawing of P&R. .................................................................................. 71
Figure 71 separate exit & entry shown for cars, coaches and P&R buses. .......................... 72
Figure 72 pedestrian’s walkway and Pay & Display machines. ........................................... 72
Figure 73 hedges, ponds and disabled parking shown. ....................................................... 73
Figure 74 different facilities shown ...................................................................................... 73
Figure 75 ............................................................................................................................. 75
Figure 76 ............................................................................................................................. 75
Figure 77 self-drainage of Grasscrete. http://www.externalworksindex.co.uk ...................... 75
Figure 78 Parking design standard ...................................................................................... 77
Figure 79 Borough of Charnwood Local Plan, 2004 - Page 196 .......................................... 77
Figure 80 Journey one; Green P&R to Whalebone Arche. .................................................. 79
Figure 81 Map of Green P&R route. .................................................................................... 79
Figure 82 Journey Two; Whalebone Arche to Green P&R................................................... 81
Figure 83 distance and duration for Whitby Abby service shown. ........................................ 82
Figure 84 Map of Green P&R route to Whitby Abbey only. .................................................. 82
Figure 85 Electric Bus ......................................................................................................... 83
Figure 86 Green Park & Ride Construction Gantts Chart (with total of 207 days) ................ 86
Figure 87 Construction site area ......................................................................................... 87
Figure 88 Overall geology of Whitby area at a map scale of 1:5000 (digimap reference,
2014) .................................................................................................................................. 88
Figure 89 Good example of basement design ..................................................................... 90
Figure 90 Proposal design for the endeavour wharf centre (AutoCAD drawing, 2104) ........ 91
Figure 91 Conceptual drawing of the endeavour wharf (AutoCAD drawing) ........................ 92
Figure 92 Tracked excavator (internet Reference) .............................................................. 95
Figure 93 Figure 7 Gantts Chart On the different construction Operations .......................... 97
Figure 94 The Drills used for Bored piles (http://www.heavyequipment.com/heavy-
equipment/excavation-trenching.) ....................................................................................... 98
Figure 95 Crane used for lifting (Internet, reference 2014) .................................................. 99
Figure 96demography of Whitby town in 2009(http://www.surreyi.gov.uk) ......................... 109
Figure 97 Jet Ski (www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com) ............................................. 110
Figure 98 3D proposed location for platform ..................................................................... 110
Figure 99moveable floating platform (http://www.ecvv.com).............................................. 111
Figure 100Figure () Water sport activities www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com .......... 111
Figure 101 Canoeing, kayaking and Raft building for families
(http://www.balawatersports.com) ..................................................................................... 112
Figure 102 Swing Bridge Group camera ........................................................................... 115
Figure 103 showing the maximum amount of weight Group camera ................................. 117
Figure 104 Location of the New Bridge ............................................................................. 118
Figure 105 Mastic Asphalt (http://www.berkshiremacadams.co.uk/sma.htm) .................... 120
Figure 106 Plan view of Piers ............................................................................................ 121
Figure 107 Graph for Gantt chart ...................................................................................... 127
Figure 108 Figure (), image of Whitby’s flood,(www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk) ........................... 136
Figure 109Multiple Shipwreck by West Pier in 1880,Khyber Pass, Whitby, North Yorkshire
YO21, UK/1880 ................................................................................................................. 137
Figure 110Flood risk area(Google map) ............................................................................ 138
Figure 111 image of West Side pontoon (group camera) .................................................. 139
Figure 112 image of West Side pontoon, proposed location of new boats storage (Google
Map) ................................................................................................................................. 140
Figure 113 planning bar chart for Extend West Side pontoon ............................................ 140
Figure 114 image of dredging process (wmplanthire.co.uk/excavator) .............................. 141
Figure 115 image of driven pile process (gerkegroupen.blogspot.co.uk) ........................... 142
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 116 section of floating roof (gal8.piclab.us/key/double ........................................... 142
Figure 117 image sample of berth design (www.seattlepi.com) ......................................... 144
Figure 118 image of Boats Storage (www.northwestmarinas.com/en/marinaseca/indoor-
storage)............................................................................................................................. 145
Figure 119 Purposed location for new Boats Storage (Google map) ................................. 146
Figure 120 image of West Side pontoon, proposed location of new boats storage (Google
Map) ................................................................................................................................. 146
Figure 121 planning bar chart for construct new Boats Storage ........................................ 148
Figure 122 image drawing of inside boats storage, (www.sprinklermatic.net/pictures/Boat-
Storage) ............................................................................................................................ 149
Figure 123, casting of concrete slabs and foundation of boats storage,(pubs.ext.vt.edu
&cogriasia.com/cold-store-floors) ...................................................................................... 150
Figure 124 Boats storage process, (http://www.bembridgeboatstorage.co.uk/) ................. 151
Figure 125 outside Boats Storage, (http://www.crownsteelbuildings.ca ............................. 151
Figure 126 solar panel and natural light, (www.homefarmequestriancentre.co.uk) ............ 152
Figure 127 North Yorks National Park.org ......................................................................... 154
Figure 128 Location of Whitby in relation to Dogger Bank (http://www.offshorewind.biz .... 155
Figure 129 Wind Turbine Components (http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk ......................... 156
Figure 130 Jacket foundation (http://www.4coffshore.com) ............................................... 157
Figure 131 Gravity Based Foundation (http://www.4coffshore.com) .................................. 158
Figure 132 Floating structures (http://www.ewea.org) ....................................................... 159
Figure 133 Siemens Aero-elastically designed blade
(http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/renewable-energy/wind-power/wind-turbine-
technology/blades) ............................................................................................................ 159
Figure 134 Outline of a Wind Farm (
http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2012/Sarkar.pdf) ....................................... 160
Figure 135 Distance from shore to location one with water depth ..................................... 160
Figure 136 Teesside Wind Farm (http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/claim-
counter-claim-over-redcar-offshore-3675862) ................................................................... 161
Figure 137 distance from shore to location two with water depth ...................................... 162
Figure 138 UK shipping densities
(https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/317770/1066.
pdf) ................................................................................................................................... 163
Figure 139 Bedrock off Whitby Coast
(http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.) ............................................. 164
Figure 140 Seabed sediment off Whitby Coast
(http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.) ............................................. 164
Figure 141 Seabed sediment off Whitby Coast
(http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.) ............................................. 165
Figure 142 ViciVentus foundation design (http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/gravity-
based-support-structures-aid274.html) .............................................................................. 166
Figure 143 Cost comparison between AC/DC
(http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2012/Sarkar.pdf) ...................................... 167
Figure 144 Whitby Substation Location (http://wikimapia.org/26137604/Whitby-Substation)
......................................................................................................................................... 168
Figure 145 Location for transition pit (http://digimap.edina.ac.uk/digimap/home) ............... 168
Figure 146 A Cross section of recommended Canal ........................................................ 173
Figure 147 A Plan view of the entrance to water Treatment Plant via Canal ..................... 174
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
List of Tables:
Table 1 levels of deposits and their dimensions. (Student handbook) ................................. 23
Table 2 Number of vehicles using A171 Guisborough Road to Whitby ................................ 61
Table 3 Number of vehicles using A171 Scarborough Road to Whitby ................................ 61
Table 4 Number of vehicles using A174 Sandsend Road to Whitby .................................... 62
Table 5 ................................................................................................................................ 62
Table 6 Whitby’s flood zones Planning Policy Guidance 25 (PPG25) for development and
flood risk ............................................................................................................................. 69
Table 7 Construction of P&R ............................................................................................... 74
Table 8 Green P&R Time Schedule .................................................................................... 84
Table 9 Park and Ride Fares .............................................................................................. 84
Table 10 BH110 GL ............................................................................................................ 88
Table 11 BH 111 ................................................................................................................. 88
Table 12 The ultimate tensile strength, elongation and modulus of various plastics
(http://www.matweb.com/) ................................................................................................... 92
Table 13 Taken from calcrete computer learning package the fine aggregate grading table.
........................................................................................................................................... 93
Table 14 list of rebar’s and their tensile strength taken from http://www.rebar-info.com/ ..... 94
Table 15 Unit Price ............................................................................................................. 99
Table 16 Cost Factors of Processing ................................................................................ 102
Table 17 Risk Assessment ................................................................................................ 104
Table 18 Risk Assessment Sheet...................................................................................... 105
Table 19 Matrix Form ........................................................................................................ 113
Table 20 carbon footprint (http:// www.steelconstruction.org/resources/sustainability/carbon-
footprints-structures.html#) ............................................................................................... 119
Table 21 Borehole ............................................................................................................. 122
Table 22 Method Statement .............................................................................................. 123
Table 23 Risk Assessment Sheet...................................................................................... 125
Table 25 flood risk zone (Planning Policy Guidance 25) .................................................... 136
Table 26 Flood Risk&Flood Zone ...................................................................................... 143
Table 27flood risk zone (Planning Policy Guidance 25) ..................................................... 152
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Site Investigation (Alan Majeed)
Location and routes; Whitby is a small coastal town in the north east of England between Middlesbrough to the
North and Scarborough to the South surrounded by a national park. The river Esk runs
through the centre of Whitby and feeds in to the North Sea resulting in an east and west cliff.
The town has road links across the moors to Pickering, 20 miles inland, also to Guisborough/
Middlesbrough to the north. A coastal route links Whitby to coastal towns to the north and
south and the only roads that allow access to Whitby through the national park are the A171
and the A169. Rail access is also limited with most trains having to go through
Middlesbrough and the limited service of the steam train through Pickering and Grossmont
and access by boat however is always possible.
Figure 1 river Esk going through Whitby (team camera)
History of Whitby; Whitby was established under its Old English name of Streonshal in 656, when Oswy, the
Christian king of Northumbria in 657, built Whitby Abbey. The Synod of Whitby was held
here in 664. Later in 867, the abbey was destroyed by Viking attackers and in 1078 was re-
founded. It was in this period that the town gained its current name, ‘Whitby’ till the16th
century it has remained as a fishing town accommodating around 300 people. For the last
500 years it had been a significant town because of its coastal connection with other coastal
cities. In 1615, coal was transported to Whitby from Newcastle and after that shipping
industry was constructed in Whitby. By the end of 1906, Whitby was the sixth port of Britain
and it was building around 130 ships yearly.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Whitby’s Characters;
Economic: Whitby has had an incredibly successful boat building, fishing and whaling industries which
have all gone in decline in the few decades and Parkol is the only company that still carries
Whitby’s boat building legacy.
Figure 2 Parkol ship making site (team camera)
In the late-medieval period in Whitby, Alum was the main important product, used
internationally, in curing leather, fixing dyes for cloths and for medicinal uses. Whitby grew
significantly as a port as a result of the transport of alum and coal.
The Romans mined jet extensively, and Whitby jet was at the highest of its popularity in the
mid-19th century, particularly after it was favoured as mourning jewellery by Victoria the
Queen.
Figure 3 jet and alum (http://herb-magic.com)
Whitby was known for the production of potash mining. It is here that the expertise and
resources of international corporations have joint in a multi-million pound project to extract
and refine potash salts from a seam more than 1100 metres below the surface A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Tourism: Currently the tourism industry is the main industry in Whitby and it has become a tourist
destination due to its historical nature with many people visiting annually, staying in hotels,
guesthouses and at caravan sites.
The following spots are the main tourist attractions;
The Abbey which is a National Heritage.
St Stephen's Church with its graveyard
199 steps approach
Figure 4 The Abbey, St Stephen's Church and 199 Steps. (Team camera)
The Swing Bridge
The Whalebones and Cooks statue
Whitby’s Museum A.M
Captain Cook’s Museums
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
The two Piers and Beaches
The harbour area where fishing boats can still be seen
The historic Streets and town centre
The elegant West Cliff area
Figure 5 the piers and swing bridge when opened. (Team camera)
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Access Roads and Congestion; Access within Whitby is also restricted. Being such an old town many of the buildings are
listed and Whitby is part of a conservation area. This has meant many parts of Whitby being
almost stuck in time. One way roads and narrow cobbled streets in the town centre with
shops that instantly take you back in time are what bring tourists from around the world.
However this results in heavily congested roads during the tourist season.
Figure 6 One way road and narrow streets.(Team camera)
There are currently two crossings over the river. The swing bridge; a pedestrian and Vehicle
Bridge and the New Bridge. The swing bridge, built in 1909, could possibly have been the
cause for the decline in the boating industry as it hugely restricted boat access. In addition
due to its age, constant traffic loads and its repetitive swinging motion over time it has
become a major maintenance liability. The bridge also contributes to congestion on the
roads as it has to open to let boats pass resulting in cars and pedestrians wanting to cross
the bridge have to wait. During the busy tourist season this will be a great liability to
pedestrians as the footpaths are very narrow. The eroded paint may have an effect on the
river ecology. However this bridge is a local land mark and when speaking with residents
they expressed they would not want it removed or replaced.
A.M
Figure 7 High bridge and the steam train. (Team camera)
The west side has access via road although roads are narrow. This means there is more
scope for development on this side. Developing the beach on the east side has been heavily
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
restricted due to a lack of vehicular access. Providing access would mean taking down
buildings which would have an impact on the historical value of Whitby so this option would
not be possible.
Architecture The buildings in the Whitby mostly date back to the 18th and 19th century and don’t have a
height greater than 3-4 floors. Many are listed buildings and can’t be touched. Therefore
proposals for any structures will have to be compatible with the rest of the architecture in the
area.
Figure 8 buildings in Whitby, photo taken from 199 steps.(Team camera)
Ecology:
Being a coastal town Whitby is a harsh environment. Strong winds and chemical attacks
have meant the cliffs have corroded away over time and this corrosion continues to pose a
threat. Manmade structures are also affected by the same factors which mean they have to
be continuously maintained. Steel structures and concrete with steel reinforcement are
especially prone to this. Structures have to be repainted regularly to be maintained.
Figure 9 effect of weather on steel. (Team camera)
Also inevitably as with any coastal town there is a flood risk. Currently there are streams
along the river to allow excess water to overflow therefore minimise flooding. However there
was a recent flooding which resulted in many properties being damaged. This kind of
flooding is predicted every 50 years but has potential to be more frequent due to climate
change. Other methods employed are placing sand bags at the base of vulnerable buildings.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
The river has other complications as deposits are carried and dumped meaning it has to be
dredged regularly In order for it to maintain an acceptable depth to prevent flooding. This is
costly and any alternative does not seem feasible. A weir on the south of the new bridge
would only mean deposits get stuck at the weir location and will have to be dredged from
that point.
Whitby’s Geology: Whitby is situated on the grid reference NZ 89822 10815. The harbour is located at the
mouth of the river Esk meeting the North Sea which has a unique strata rock cliff. The
headlands of the coast were created during the flandrian transgression over 18,000 years
ago during the last ice age. The sedimentary rock of the coastline contains fossils and
organic remains said to have been formed during the Jurassic period about 201-145million
years ago.
This period was cut into three sections lower, middle and upper Jurassic period. The rock
types formed in the upper Jurassic period about 190 million years ago such as grey shale,
mulgrave
A.M
Figure 10 vertical succession of Jurassic rocks in Whitby (student handbook)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
shale and alum shale make up Whitby’s mudstone. Alum Shale can be found on the cliff
base close to the beach level and go up to 5metres. The next rock layer that overlay this is
Dogger, Saltwick, Eller Beck and Cloughton Formations and above this lays Devensian Till.
The west cliff valley rises to a plateau of approximately 40m AOD. The valley sides are in
sections of superficial deposits. There have been some attempts to protect the rock cliff on
the west such as sea wall defences and rock armour as the hotel Metropole is a key
development on the cliff. The subsequent reclamation and waterside construction has
degraded the land of the upper harbour since the 19th and 20th centuries. The uncontrolled
manner of development and lack of documentation has resulted in a dangerous and highly
costly cliff side.
The Harbour area is a site under consideration for our feasibility study normally considered
as part of the Esk valley which extends from the new bridge south of the Whitby down
towards the mouth that includes the swing bridge.
The general geology of Whitby area is comprised of glacial, fluvio-glacial and estuarine
sediments overlying sedimentary rocks of lower and middle Jurassic periods. The formations
of sedimentary rock is over time when successive layers of deposition is laid on top of each
other and the build-up of pressure accumulates and cementation of the particles form a hard
and cohesive solid mass that has horizontal lines of the different layers. Tectonic activity
may have caused some folding or lateral pressures that form bedding planes that aren’t
always horizontal.
A.M
Figure 11 Geological section through the Whitby harbour. (Student handbook)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
As shown above in Whitby area is underlain by rocks of upper lias; these in turn then
supports rocks of the lower and middle Jurassic periods. These rocks, along with those from
the surrounding areas have folded into the form of a basin with the centre at Larpool near to
the new road bridge as shown below.
In the harbour and adjacent areas all the rock structures dip towards the south at an angle of
3°, this dip lets us safely assume that the sea cliff dips inlands at approximately 3° to the
horizontal at the headlands it’s easy to observe this. When studying the sedimentary rock
layers on the headland we can clearly see the levels of deposits and measure their
dimensions as shown in the table below.
AM
Table 1 levels of deposits and their dimensions. (Student handbook)
Rock Era Approximation thickness (m)
Upper Deltaic Series Middle Jurassic 60
Scarborough Beds (marine) Middle Jurassic 10
Middle Deltaic Series Middle Jurassic 60
Ellerbeck Bed (Marine) Middle Jurassic 5
Lower Deltaic Series Middle Jurassic 30
The Dogger (marine) Upper Lias (Lower Jurassic) 0-2
Alum Shale (Marine)
Overlaying a succession of
similar shale’s.
Upper Lias (Lower Jurassic) extensive
A.M
Figure 12 Contour map of Whitby. (Student handbook)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
As a result of failure in ground conditions we witnessed some buildings had settled on one
side and other buildings had bolts driven through them to prevent this kind of failure as show
in the figure below.
Figure 13 bolts driven through some houses on Church Street. (Team camera)
However many buildings have stood the test of time such as the Whitby Seamen’s Hospital
Houses which was built in 1675 and still exists today. This is because they were built with
huge care.
Figure 14 Seamen’s Hospital (team camera)
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Initial Consideration
Onshore wind farm Service location (Alan Majeed)
Figure 15 Tate hill sand
Advantages of this location;
It has quite large area to build the platform or berthing pontoon to be used as an
embarkation point for staff and equipment on the offshore wind farm vessels working
on the proposed Dogger Bank offshore wind farm project.
Very close to the mouth of the piers, easy and quick entrance to the sea
Very large area in the right hand side of it, which could be used by the vessels or
ships without blocking or disrupting the boats route in to the lower harbour.
No problems with the swing bridge as this location is far away from it.
No need for depending on the tides because this particular location is always filled
with water and deep enough for the vessels.
It creates more jobs for locals.
Disadvantages;
By using this location we will affect the tourism, because it is a great sandy point
which is used by the tourists during summer time.
Lots of properties or business beyond the Tate hill sand needs to be relocated, in
Whitby this is almost impossible.
There are no major roads behind this location need to be used for transferring the
goods from the land to the embarkation, this means rerouting Church Street, Tate
hill round about and Henrietta, possibly removing some of the properties on those
streets as well. Again is this possible in Whitby?
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Disturbing or blocking the beautiful view of lower harbour and the sea by constructing
such a site, no doubt this will affect the tourism in Whitby.
It will be a massive costly project, with a hassle to get the plan permission.
The lower parking area of Langhorne Road in the marina in west cliff side;
Figure 16 Lower Parking Area
Advantages;
A large parking location which could be used to construct the embarkation for the
vessels.
Almost traffic free location in the river Esk and away from the small boats in the
marina.
Very close to the town centre and the new high bridge, also easy access if rerouting
or constructing new roads possible.
River Esk could be used as the source of transportation to transfer the goods to the
embarkation (which is cheap and environmentally friendly transportation).
Close to the rail ways if used for transportation.
It creates more jobs for locals.
Disadvantages;
Possibly the River Esk is not deep enough at this location to handle big ships or
vessels.
Most of the times you have to depends on the tides.
Rerouting Langhorne Road might not be possible in order to getting in to this
location.
Relocation of pontoons in Marina Boatyards and Railway Cottages.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Endeavour wharf :
Figure 17 Endeavour Wharf
The plan permission for this particular location is already in process according to local
authority;
‘‘Whitby Harbour Board has issued an early information about a tender for early planning of
Endeavour Wharf reconstruction works in Whitby Harbour, which would be used to support
Dogger Bank offshore wind farm development.
This may include the construction of a berthing pontoon to be used as an embarkation point
for staff and equipment on the offshore wind farm vessels working on the proposed Dogger
Bank offshore wind farm project.
The pontoon would be constructed at right angles to Endeavour Wharf. It is expected that
Whitby will be used as the operation and maintenance base of the wind farm’s development.
Whitby is the closest serviceable port to the offshore wind farm and is able to offer
maintenance ships 24-hour access to the North Sea.
Last month, local authorities notified that they’re in an official negotiation with an operator of
wind farm service vessels to use the port for the Dogger Bank project’’.
A.M
Figure 18 Endeavoure Wharf service
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Park and Ride (Alan Majeed)
The most suitable location for park and ride is the farmland on Stainsacre Lane (A171)
towards Hawsker village;
Figure 19 Map of Whitby
Figure 20 Park & Ride location
Advantages;
No major road works or rerouting need to be done as this location is already on one
of the major road of Whitby (A171).
Easy access to new high bridge and very close to it.
No relocation or removing of any properties or business needed, because in all four
direction of this land no properties or business seems to be seen.
It creates more jobs for locals. A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Providing more parking spaces.
Partially fix traffic congestion in Whitby.
Easy access to this location from east & West cliff, also from Scarborough.
Relatively large area (approx. 24000m2)
Redirecting part of the traffic to Eastcliffe and solve traffic congestion in Westcliffe.
Disadvantages;
It could create some traffics in eastcliffe side, but that’s solvable.
We might have to reroute some of the roads, but we could always avoid that.
Location. 2 Park& Ride;
The reason for not choosing this location is simply because there two schools close by and
also too close to the residential area and we have to change the road and possibly putting a
roundabout.
Water sports (Alan Majeed) Improving tourism
For improving tourism in Whitby I propose the followings;
The water sports industry has seen big changes over the past decade, people enjoying
these types of adventures particularly during their special events such as birthdays,
anniversaries or summer holidays. Whitby as a coastal town lacks of these type of activities
in particular and north Yorkshire in general, at the same time Whitby geographically has all
what these activities needs from the beach to river and hills and areas surround by trees.
A.M
Figure 21 School Location
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 22 Water sport activities www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com
The suitable location for this proposal is the West pier;
Advantages;
Attract more tourists to Whitby.
Create more jobs for locals.
More activities for young people in the area.
Also possibility of more small business on west pier (i.e snack van, ice cream
van…etc)
Disadvantages;
This could be seasonal only.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Tidal Power Plant (Edison Derrick Mugoya)
Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of
power, mainly electricity. It is currently one of the most exciting emerging forms of renewable
energy that will prove to be sustainable for port cities such as Whitby. The UK is currently
the undisputed global leader in marine energy, with more wave and tidal stream devices
installed than the rest of the world combined. Intermittency is a problem for wind, wave and
solar power as the sun doesn’t always shine and the wind doesn’t always blow. These
sources of renewable energy often require backup from traditional forms of power
generation. However tides are much easier to predict as on average Whitby’s North Sea
receives about two high tides a day making it highly attractive for grid management,
removing the need for a back-up generator plant powered by fossil fuels. These turbines are
installed on the seabed at locations with high tidal current velocities, or strong continuous
ocean currents where they extract energy from the flowing water.
Advantages and Disadvantages of using Tidal barrages: A major drawback of tidal power stations is that they can only generate when the tide is
flowing in or out - in other words, only for 10 hours each day. However, tides are totally
predictable, so we can plan to have other power stations generating at those times when the
tidal station is out of action. Also it may prove to be hazardous to the environment as fish
and other living creatures may tend to be sucked in with the tide towards the turbines. This
may cause blockages and may damage the turbines. In a location such as Whitby harbour it
may be costly to operate as a constant flow of ships in and out of the harbour may disrupt
the production of energy! This may be overcome by placing warning signs when the tide is
high and the flow of water through the turbines is sufficient enough to generate electricity.
Another disadvantage would be the amount of energy required to open and close the
barrages on request is greater than the power output produced by the generator. Figure 2
below show an ideal location to place a tidal barrage in Whitby’s harbour zone.
Figure 1 shows a rotary dam-like structure; can be place
at the mouth of river Esk at the tip of the lower harbour
where by the full force of the tide is most effective.
When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through
tunnels in the dam. The ebb and flow of the tides can be
used to turn a turbine, or it can be used to push air
through a pipe, which then turns a turbine. Large lock
gates, like the ones used on canals, allow ships to pass.
During operation, the force of the tidal flow in Whitby’s
harbour is equivalent to a 345 mph wind generating 100
tonnes of thrust on the turbines. The unique design
of tidal turbines allows capture of the maximum amount
of tidal energy whilst keeping maintenance and
connectivity costs low. (www.darvill.clara.net).
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 23 Tidal power Plant
Above you can see the red marking to indicate the tidal barrages and its connections to the
tidal power plant located just outside the harbour area. This is an ideal location to place a
power plant, if placed any further the energy loss of the transportation of electric energy from
the generators to the plant would be too high. This resistance in the connection will reduce
the output power by a factor of 5% for every 100m of cables.
Offshore Turbines Offshore turbines would have a more sufficient and cost-effective manner of converting the
energy from tide into usable energy rather like an underwater wind farm. This has the
advantage of being much cheaper to build, and does not have the environmental problems
that a tidal barrage would bring. Offshore turbine like SeaGen S consists of twin power trains
mounted on a crossbeam. The cross beam can be raised above the water for routine
maintenance by winching it up the monopole support structure. SeaGen S is suitable for
marine environments in water depths up to 38 metres and achieves rated power in tidal
currents of greater than 2.4m/s (www.marineturbines.com).
Some advantages of offshore turbines vs onshore windmills are that the rotors of the
offshore turbines are exposed to higher forces under water. Water is 832 times denser than
air, tidal turbine rotors can be much smaller than wind turbine rotors thus they can be
deployed much closer together and still generate the equivalent amounts of electricity
generated by an entire windmill.
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 24 Offshore Turbines
The offshore designs of the SeaGen S models are different to other devices in a number of
ways. The most significant is that it is a direct drive, where the blades are connected directly
to the electrical generator without a gearbox between. This is more efficient and there is no
gearbox to go wrong. Another difference is that it uses a "gravity base", a large concrete
block to hold it to the seabed, rather than drilling into the seabed. Finally, the blades are
fixed pitch, rather than actively controlled; this is again to design out components that could
be unreliable (Marine Current Turbines, 2014). In addition to helping reduce carbon
emissions, the tidal energy sector can bring significant economic benefits. Tidal energy has
the potential to power 15 million homes, save 70 million tonnes of carbon and create 16,000
jobs in the UK alone.
New East Cliff Interchange (Edison Derrick Mugoya)
There is currently only one major railway station in Whitby, this interchange used to provide
the city with another means of transportation for commercial and passengers from
Middlesbrough. However to date only one out of the four original railway tracks is functional
to this interchange, it is the old stem train that runs on it. This train is slow, thus making it
insufficient to modern use. The rail route runs through Whitby’s river Esk valley and is now a
limited passenger service. Over the tourist peak season delays and congestion arise as a
result of its inability to transport passengers of a great number quickly and efficiently in and
out of Whitby area. These delays further increase the number of people within Whitby during
these seasons making it a less attractive means of travel. A trip from Middlesbrough takes
roughly one and a half hours. Although the stem train is considered vintage and the locals
see it as a tourist attraction; the growth of car ownership in the last fifty years has since
exponential doubled and this has caused a great fall in railway transport. These statistics
have had a considerable consequence on Whitby and its tourism sector. Figure 4 below E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
shows the current railway routes to Whitby from north Middlesbrough and south
Scarborough.
Figure 25 Rail Links Whitby-Middlesbrough, Whitby-Scarborough
Advantages and Disadvantages of a new east cliff Interchange
This will provide Whitby with new functioning railway tracks that will improve the public
transportation into Whitby centre thus reducing congestion cause by car traffic. This is an
alternative method to added park and rides as the reduction of passenger vehicles will be
marginally better during peak tourism seasons. It will also increase tourism as the
accessibility of the town increase, with two interchanges this will be more convenient and will
increase the income in Whitby. IT will also create more jobs within and around it so it has a
direct economic benefit to the unemployment sector. As Coaches come in this will also
reduce the delays and hold ups of tourists improving the long term momentum of cash flow
as the local authorities attempt to finance the project the income generated by the additional
coach drop off points. Figure 5 shows a proposed allocation of the new east cliff interchange
marked in red lines Ruswarp Station across river Esk to the site.
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 26 Railway links
Proposed Canal (Edison Derrick Mugoya)
Parkol Marine Engineering Ltd is a company located in Whitby’s upper harbour that is one of
the remaining shipbuilding firms on this stretch of coastline. Lately it has suffered a decline in
work due to the inaccessible link through Whitby’s harbour. Delays in their projects have
significant impacts on the company’s ability import and export their products. Ships from the
North Sea struggle to maneuverer safely through the harbour. The swing bridge produces
another obstacle when it comes to the size of the cargo thus increasing the cost of imports
as multiple imports are required. The depth of the harbour is sufficient only when it comes to
small/medium ships, the company is forced not to expand as a result of this. Modern Clients
are looking to invest a lot of money to get their ships bigger! A deeper and larger canal may
be the solution to this and many of Whitby’s economic, social and employment issues. The
introduction of a new canal out into Saltwick hole will reduce flooding as the source of the
canal can be traced back to the river and act as a channel to redirect the river flow when the
river overflows its banks. The existing culvert has created a small stream down towards
Spite Vale; this can then be channelled into the canal providing another extraction point for
the river. Figure 6 below shows the proposed canal route and its connection to the main
river Esk. It is about 100m across providing enough space for large ships and yachts. It will
also pose as another tourist attraction with pontoons and marinas within it. Along the canal
new planned development can be placed such as residential houses for the increased
population of wealth class that wish to have access to their ships like the one found in the
upper harbour currently. Although development of the residence in the upper harbour was
designed well to include a high raise platform with a car park on ground floor in cases of
flooding the functionality of the pontoons relay on the high tides this canal proposal has
considered this factor.
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 27 Canal
Advantage and Disadvantages of the proposed Canal
The main advantage to canals is the ease of shipping goods. Water transport is the
cheapest, compared to rail and road. Particularly before the roads and rails of today, bulk
goods could be shipped at up to 20 times more cheaply than the alternative. The downside
is that canals require significant manpower to build and maintain (very costly) and boats
travel slowly. They also only work in areas that are reasonably flat. They are also susceptible
to flooding, droughts, freezing, and other natural occurrences. Although transportation and
movement is made easier people will have to lose their land to the government to make it
happen (www.nycanals.com).
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Bridges (Khalid Al-ahbabi)
Prevent the vehicles from accessing the swing (only pedestrian) is a consideration, these are
some advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages:
The pedestrian will feel safer to walk over the bridge
There will be no loads caused by the vehicles
There will be no accidents due to vehicles
The cost of maintenance will drop
Disadvantages:
Major roads in Whitby will be closed
The congestion will increase in other parts of Whitby
High level bridge will be jammed with traffic
It will be very difficult to cross the town
Demolishing the Swing Bridge and build a new replica with a single carriageway lane is a
consideration.
Advantages:
Allow the traffic to flow through the town
East access for supply goods
Long lasting life span
There will be no major maintenance
Pedestrian will feel safer
Figure 28 Swing Bridge (Top view of the Swing Bridge)
K.A
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Disadvantages:
Demolishing a heritage bridge is very difficult solution
The cost of building the bridge is too high
The congestion will increase in the town
Tourist rate will drop due to demolish the swing bridge
One of the considerations also I have include is building a new bridge which just behind the
information center that crosses the river Esk to and lands just behind captain Cook museum
on a parking area.
Advantages:
Some of the loads rerouted from the swing bridge
More space for the pedestrian to cross the river
If the machines on the swing bridge brake down which happed once a week the other
vehicle could use the new bridge.
Disadvantages:
The cost of the new bridge will be too high
Most of the problems in the swing bridge will stay the same due to vehicles
Traffic will get faster into the city
Cost of construction the roads to the bridge
The space for parking will be taken due to the roads
This is the final proposal to replace or improve the swing bridge, which is constructing a new
bridge in the area shown in the picture below with one lane carriageway going and coming at
the same time. Also increase the foot path space on each side for the pedestrian. When the
bridge is complete the swing bridge will be closed preventing the vehicles from using the
bridge and allow only the pedestrian and the cycles to use the bridge. All the roads on each
Figure 29 Location of the new Bridge
K.A
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
side of the town will be rerouted to the new bridge and the existing road will only pedestrians
and supply truck.
Advantages:
The swing bridge will not suffer a constant load from the vehicles
There will be no accidents due to vehicles will not be allowed on the bridge
Most of the local people advise us to choose this proposal
The pedestrian will feel safer while crossing the bridge (more space will be provided)
Cycle will be satisfied crossing the bridge
Tourists rate will increase due to the swing bridge are safer and risk assessment
level will drop
Local people will pleased due to swing bridge will to be demolished
Maintenance rate will drop and the cost will also decrease
Disadvantages:
Congestion will increase due to increase one lane additional on the bridge
Parking space will be reduced in the town due to the road to the new bridge
Cost of building a new bridge will affect the council
Congestion will increase due to insufficient number of parking area
It we damage the landscape of the town centre
Reduce the congestion in the city:
I have noticed as a group that Whitby town lack the experience in dealing with the
congestion, this is due to all the transportation methods is available in the town but there are
not using them, for example the sea, the river Esk, the train station and cycling. These are
the main transportation methods that Whitby town is not using efficiently. I will now consider
some proposals that might affect the congestion in Whitby.
K A
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 30 New Train Station
Building a new train station on the other side of the Whitby.
Advantages:
Most of the people coming from Scarborough, York and Bridlington will use the trains
to travel to save cost and time.
Easier access to Whitby which will increase the tourist rates
Less parking area will be need due to people coming by trains
Whitby economy grow due to the increase rate of tourists
Parking areas can be used to solve the problems in Whitby
Disadvantage:
The cost of the project is too high
Require huge amount of land
Whitby is heritage town, therefore it’s very difficult to build inside the town centre area
Some of the train rail ways will cut through the national park
The second proposal is to refurbish the old train station, which has only two platforms
directed to Middlesbrough only. The idea is to insert two extra platforms which can be
directed to York and Scarborough.
Advantages:
The cost is not going to be as high as building a new train station
The local people will be satisfied because there will be no major change in Whitby
town
People from York and Scarborough will have a direct train to Whitby town
Less amount of cars is going to be used
K A
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Disadvantages
Land might be an issue due to the rail ways
The cost might be over budget
It might affect Middlesbrough economy due to all the trains before where directed to
the city which they are benefiting from
The third proposal is encouraging the local people and the towns nearby to use cycles
instead of using the cars to get to Whitby.
(Map from Google which is showing the duration (around 3 hours) of the cycles from
Middlesbrough to Whitby)
Advantages:
It will not cost the council any amount
People to Whitby will be more healthier
Reduce the carbon dioxide emission due to the cars
Parking space will be reduced
Disadvantages:
Not all of the people know how to ride bicycles
Most of the cyclist depend heavily on the weather
All the roads will have to be designed to allow bicycles to on them
Figure 31 Cycling routes
K.A
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Leisure centre: I have noticed in Whitby there are no young generation, therefore the group have ask some
of the locals about this matter and most of them came up with the same answer which is, all
the youngsters finish their school and travel outside the town ether to find a suitable job or
complete their education. I have come up with an idea to provide the suitable environment
for the young generation and will attract even more tourism. Basically it is building a leisure
centre that is next to the new park and ride that contain a bowling alley, Gym, couple of
restaurants and gaming hall.
Figure 33 Proposal site for leisure centre
K.A
Figure 32 Map from google showing the duration (around 2 hours) From Whitby to Scarborough)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
K A
Figure 34 Ariel view of the leisure centre
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Marina/Pontoon (Sabah Anwar Hamagareb) Leading off the site investigation, we took note of the main issues regarding the degradation
of the Marina area and made recommendation to improve and re-develop the harbour area
to help the locals and to also attract more tourists. As noticed in the demography of Whitby;
it has expanded lot during last few decades, existing facilities can’t be provided to all people
and tourist demand, to solve these issues we decide several proposal for marina/pontoon.
Proposal 1 – Construction of fishing and sailing centre; The fishing and sailing centre in Whitby will be a complete training and teaching place for
whom ever wants to gain more knowledge regarding operations within the marina whistle
providing such facilities for marine activities and hobbies. Also covered in the endeavour
wharf centre proposal, the location is shown in figure:
Figure 35 Image location for fishing and sailing centre
Advantages:
More people and boats owners receive more training.
Encourage more boat owners to become member to the club with its facilities
Ease of access from roads and walking distance from pontoon
The centre will introduce Whitby’s tradition to other area
The centre encourage more local resident to develop and create marine business
Create more jobs
Disadvantage:
Causing more congesting to harbour area
Close to Existing Marine
Need open water place for training
Most of local people are experience in marine use
S.A.H
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Proposal 2 – Repairs and Service Station for Marinas The maintenance and repairs for the boats has a high priority when it comes to the
development of the marina in all coastal regions. Repairs and services isn’t doesn’t rely on a
permanent location for to provide fuel facilities for boat owners along the Esk River.
Figure 36 Purposed location for Repairs and Service station
Figure 37 East Side pontoon, proposed for repairs and service station
Advantages:
Repair station will be in Upper harbour, to provide better and quick service
S.A.H
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
The station will provide a fuel to boat owners close to the marina
Ease of access for boat owners and yachts in Upper harbour area
The station will create a permanent job for mechanic and other staff
Improve that area to park more boat
Disadvantage;
Location is in east cliff side, there’s no car close park
High siltation is cause difficulty during high flow in the river
Proposals 3 – Construct the new Pontoon in the Upper Harbour
The location is in Upper Harbour provide more mooring for boats for local people and tourist
Figure 38 East side pontoon, purposed for construct new pontoon in upper harbour
Figure 39 New Pontoon
S A H
Advantages
Water and electricity are provide
S.A.H
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Car park provide
Access to the pontoon will have a security gate and monitor camera provide
Need small budget
Disadvantages
Esks river cause huge amount of siltation in Upper Harbour
Close to flood gate rescue
Cause more congestion
Proposals 4 –Construct the new pontoon in East Pier The East pier area in Lowe harbour has lot of space to construct a new pontoon next to East
pier as shown in the figure:
Figure 40 New Pontoon
The East Cliff is facing a huge corrosion process in past, to decrease that issue and improve
that area construct a new pontoon can help to reduce that problem,
Figure 41 Map of New Pontoon
S.A.H
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Advantages
The east pier side is getting worse every year since decade need more improve and
protect
Construct new pontoons will encourage more boat owners come to the Whitby.
Attractive image to East Cliff for tourist
The location need huge amount of dredging
Disadvantage
Block sand beach during summer time
The base of the area is hard Shale not easy to drainage to deeper
During extreme weather the strong waves are effecting that side
Proposal -5- Extend West side pontoon;
Extending the existing pontoon in that particular location improves mooring facility.
Figure 42 Extend Area
S.A.H
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 43 West Side Pontoon
Advantages
Water and electricity are provide
Car park is provide
The pontoon has a security gate
Access to mooring bays are available all around year
Disadvantages
River flow cause rapid siltation
Cause more congestion
Reduce river access width
Proposal -6- Construct new Boats Storage;
The facilities at the new construct storages are used to store and service of boats purpose;
S.A.H
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 44 Google map of New Boat Storage
Advantages;
Next to car park
Convenient for boats/yachts owner with ease of access
Friendly environment
Encourage more tourists, visitors (boats) to come to the town.
With additional facilities to the boat’s owner such as repairs, refuel and maintenance
will generate more revenue for the town.
Disadvantage;
River flow cause rapid siltation
Location is in mud area
Cause more congestion
Reduce river access width
Proposals 7-Aquarium;
Aquarium is a home for various marine lives; we proposed to be close to the river, the
proposed of the project is across 3 floors, underwater floor and two ground floor on land with
own outdoor balcony with views overlooking the Esk River. The project will be Upper
Harbour in West Cliff next to the Information centre shown in Figure:
S.A.H
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 45 Aquarium
Advantages:
Attracting more tourists out of tourist season.
Create more jobs for local community especially for the youth.
Can use as a centre for education and school trip during different season.
The Location is close to sea side and car park, that allowing easy access for visiting.
Forms large revenue stream, for the Whitby.
Can extend to open a marine museum in future.
Disadvantage:
The town is small, without tourist visiting isn’t easy to open all around year.
Whitby is too close to Scarborough, which has a popular aquarium centre.
Planning permission process to any project in Harbour area is required long
investigation.
Summary to Initial Consideration (Edison Derrick Mugoya)
We conclude this section of the project having listed the design criteria and some
alternatives solutions to the site visit to Whitby. We have made some considerations towards
a more critical appraisal of the whole feasibility study and have designed a matrix to ease
our decision on the progress of this study. This Matrix takes into account the advantages
and Disadvantages of each initial consideration by each team member that has been helpful
in narrowing down our selection towards a viable solution to the problems encountered
during our site investigation of the Whitby harbour area. The next section of the project will
take upon a more detailed approach for possible development and new river crossing for a
highway traffic and/or pedestrian traffic within the harbour zone as we come towards a single
viable solution. E D M
S.A.H
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Detailed Proposals
Traffic Congestion (Alan Majeed)
Introduction;
The purpose of this section of the feasibility study is to deliver solutions to the existing traffic
congestion of Whitby. The lack of parking spaces in town is one of the major issues. The
traffic congestion is not only affecting the visitors but also possessing enormous social
impact onto the livelihoods of peoples who live in the town. The traffic congestion is pushing
away business and investments from the town which could have lift up the local economy, at
the same time traffic congestions and too many vehicles in the small town like Whitby is
affecting the air quality of the town and will have impact on the health of the locals.
Causes of congestion; Cars;
The major cause of traffic in Whitby is cars, especially during the peak times, bank holidays
or any other events which attract visitors to Whitby. Congestion occurs particularly from both
sides of the swing bridge causing long queue when the bridge is opening for boats to get
through, or it could be caused by too many pedestrians on the swing bridge due to narrow
pavement so the vehicles miss their allocated green time whilst they wait for pedestrians to
move off the road.
A.M
Figure 46 mixing traffic on the swing bridge, Halloween 2014.( Whitby Gazette Facebook
page)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Buses or coaches; Another cause of traffic is buses for different reasons such as;
The size of the buses and narrow roads in town centre
Insufficient layover facilities for buses.
Not enough provided parking spaces for visitors coaches
Less buses during the weekend which drives more cars to the town centre.
Buses have to stop in the middle of the road to pick up passengers simply because
their bus stops occupied by parked cars causing traffic behind.
Railways;
Tourists avoid trains because of limited services to and from Whitby and the journey take too
long to reach their destinations , alternatively the drive their own vehicles to the town, there
is only one train service Whitby town which operates along the Esk Valley and the train
starts at Middlesbrough and terminates at Whitby.
Cycling/motorbikes; In Whitby there is lack of cycling lane and secure cycle parking facilities, this result in mixing
traffic with cars and create congestion for this reason and others not many people cycle.
Visitors’ access; As mentioned above for numbers of reasons visitors tends to drive their vehicles to the town
centre and produce traffic congestion.
Disabled access; Another problem in Whitby is shortage of disabled parking spaces in appropriate locations,
this forces the disabled badge holders to park anywhere they find such as pavement on road
or even on single yellow line and sometimes they might get fine for their actions.
Narrow roads or streets and one way system; Narrow roads in Whitby slows down the traffic flow to under the speed limit and traffic build
up quickly especially in the areas where cars parked on the pavements and may also lead to
accident if the driver makes minor errors. Also drivers have to use long route when visiting
places in Whitby where one way system is applied.
Lack of signs; Misleading drivers because of lack of signing is one of the sources of congestion, when the
road users follow the signs to the town centre mainly they will be directed to the marina car
park, since this car park is not sufficient for a large number of cars the drivers finding
themselves wondering around in town centre looking for parking at the same time causing
congestion, but rather there should have been signs long distance away from town centre
clearly shown the number of available parking spaces. Meanwhile at some location in Whitby
the signs are not visible until the drivers pass them and cause them taking a wrong turn.
Parking Facilities: Parking facilities in and around Whitby are very limited at all time and it even get hectic in the
summer season. Parking situation is often described as “nightmare” by the local people as
the team had a chance to ask them of what they thought of the current parking situation. A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
There are about 17 parking areas in Whitby (below list of some of them) which during the
peak time most of them full and all their spaces occupied
Abbey Headland Car-Park
Church Street Car-Park
Crescent Ave Car-park
Cliff Street Car-Park
Endeavour Wharf Car-Park
Khyber Pass Car-Park
Marina Back Car Park
Marina Front Car Park
Pavilion Drive Car Park
Pavilion Top Car Park
St Hilda’s Terrace Car Park
Silver Street Car-Park
Tin Ghaut- Grape Lane Car-Park
West Cliff Car Park
Figure 47 Parking space in Whitby (http://en.parkopedia.co.uk/)
In the above image, showing the parking locations in the town. The red boxes are referring
to the location of the parking and the blue boxes are the area which used for the parking.
The total the parking space available in Whitby is 1831 and only 17 of them is for the
disabled. A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Solution for reducing the traffic congestion: We have looked into a numbers of practical ways with different locations to get rid of the
congestion problem especially after carrying out a survey in Whitby and asking the locals
including bus and taxi drivers we came up with several solutions:
Rental bicycle scheme; One of the solutions for the traffic congestion is encouraging the tourists, visitors and
residents of Whitby to use the cycling instead of vehicles either their own bicycles or the
rental bicycle scheme that we propose. This would affect Whitby in many ways:
Reducing the traffic in the town
Deliveries will reach the shops faster
Reduce the amount of CO2 emission in the town
Better air quality
More sustainable use of transportation
Improving people’s health
Create revenue for CDC
Whitby’s public bike sharing scheme will be available 24/7, 365 days a year. There will be
more than 2000 bikes and over 50 bike docking stations across Whitby to help people get
around quickly and easily. Similar scheme recently expanded all over London so now
Londoners can saddle up anywhere and everywhere.
Costs start from £2 for 24 hour bike access, which includes unlimited journeys of up to 30
minutes or £10 for 7 days and £90 for the whole year. If people keep a bike for longer than
30 minutes of their rental time, they will be charged extra. This will increase the longer they
keep the bike, so they have to remember, if they aren’t using a bike, they have to dock it.
People can hire as many times as they like within the bike access period they have
purchased.
A.M
Figure 48 London bike rental (http://www.nileguide.com)
All of these advantages will befit the local residents of Whitby, it might cost some money but
for the long run it is well known as a sufficient way to deal with traffic congestion. Taking
Amsterdam the capital city of Holland as an example it is one of the largest city in Europe, it
was suffering in the years 1970s from traffic congestion also including over 3300 death and
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
400 was children due to vehicles. It took them 40 years to reach their goal which is having
fewer amounts of vehicles in the city than cycles.
Figure 49 Amsterdam cycling image
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/activityandadventure/9986271/Cycling-to-Amsterdam.html
Also docking stations for the cycles will be provided on the green park and ride, Current Park
and ride and train station including the 50 other stations mentioned above. These are main
area that should provide a marking area for cycles.
Roads will have to be redesigned with new cycle lanes so the cyclists have their own cycling
area to achieve a health and safe environment on the roads.
Figure 50 road only for cycling (http://planyourcity.net)
Increasing in-town parking fees Therefore another recommendation to reduce the congestion in Whitby is increasing the fees
for the parking space in town and diverting them to the park and ride facilities on both side of
the town. By increasing the price people would rather chose the cheaper option, by doing so
we could provide more disabled parking spaces in town.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
More yellow lines There are two types of yellow line, single and double yellow lines. The single yellow line
indicates that parking or waiting at that roadside is prohibited at certain times of day.
Stopping to load, pick up passengers is generally allowed unless additional restrictions
apply.
In some part of Whitby motorists cause traffic jam due to parking or waiting to pick or
dropping off someone, by narrowing the road down and affecting the traffic flow in the town.
To prevent them from this a consideration of double yellowed line would be a good idea for
not allowing any type of vehicle to stop, wait or pick and drop in the town unless they have a
permit such as a blue badge for disabled.
As for the locals they could always apply for parking permission if they had to park on the
single yellow lines.
Figure 51 to show the double yellow line (http://www.gethampshire.co.uk
Digital parking signs To prevent divers from going in to the town and check if there is any parking facility
available, the suggestion is to provide digital signs on the major roads to Whitby indicating if
there is any available parking space in town otherwise they could be diverted to use the park
and ride and green park and ride facilities.
Figure 52 Digital parking sign
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Rising Bollard Rising bollard is another solution to reduce the traffic congestion in Whitby. It allows only
pedestrian, cycles and the emergency vehicles to access some particular areas. For
example this is going to be considered just before the swing bridge on both sides, since it’s
going to be pedestrianized only. In case of an emergence these bollard will be dropped
allowing emergence vehicle and police cars to have a quick access to the destinations.
A.M
Figure 53 Rising Bollard (http://adexdoorsystems.adexgroup.org)
Park and Ride: After carrying out a survey in Whitby and asking the locals including bus and taxi drivers, we
realised that most of the people in Whitby agrees on having Park and Ride scheme (P&R) is
one of the most logical solution in Whitby’s development to reduce traffic congestion and
street parking in the residential areas, and this will have a positive impact on attracting
tourism, social and economical needs of the town and over all this will result in sustainable
transportation and reducing CO2 emission.
A Park and Ride system (P&R) is a scheme in which a secure parking facility is provided for
those traveling into a city or a town to park their vehicles (usually out of town), and then use
alternative public transport system such as buses into the city centre. The duration of
parking is often all day long that is one of the reasons that it has to be affordable.
Existing Park and Ride Scheme
The existing P&R scheme is only functioning during the peak tourist times, even though,
many people have associated this scheme to offering more efficiency to the tourists, the
following are some of the disadvantages:
According to ‘’Real Whitby as you’ve never seen it before’’ website The proposed
cost of this scheme has risen steadily over the years, without as much as a blade of
grass being cut, it started at £1.6 million, went to £2.0 million, then £2.4 million, then
£2.8 million and is now suddenly inflated to £4 million.
Also according to ‘’Real Whitby as you’ve never seen it before’’ website £270,000
which will be the annual cost to run the scheme, and then there is the ‘Hopper
Service’ which is estimated to cost £90,000 per year, and there are other costs such
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
as £280,000 which is to be spent on ‘travel awareness and promotional activities’
whatever they might be.
The existing P&R has flooding issue due to lack of drainage system.
There is limitation on the working of the Park and Ride system in the August
weekends and the bank holidays being the operational days. This limits the
acquisition of the users of this scheme since they would have to wait for these days,
unless there is need for advance implementation.
The tourist has to go through the traffic because of the situation of the system within
the urban centre. The tourists have to go through the High Stakeby, which always
exhibits traffic congestion.
The space for the system is also always limited with only 250 parking spaces plus
200 on grass parking spaces.
The scheme can also not apply in interception of traffic arising from Scarborough.
Improving the existing Park and Ride
Based on our data collected from the Whitby field trip we propose an extension to the
existing park and ride facility to expand it carrying capacity from 450 to 2000 cars. We also
suggested a more integrated manoeuvring system to be set up so as to reduce hold ups and
ease movement to traffic in and out of the park and ride. For security measures we want to
have in place cctv cameras installed and a monitoring tool that keep a record of the number
plates of registered vehicles that have paid for the services so as a means of generating a
revenue of the parking that is returned to maintaining the park and ride facility. As shown
below the extension is proposed to the left of the existing position and also marked is new
road links that will come to better ensure the flow of the service busses is smooth, efficient
and quick.
Figure 54 Location of the existing Park and ride Whitby and proposed site (Digimap )
The purple areas marks the existing park and ride facilities currently in use in Whitby, and
the red marks the area that we propose to extend the current park and ride. As shown above
the thick green lines indicate a new proposed road network for the bus services as their
move in and out of the park and ride facilities. The above area is farm land and has a huge
open space covering; existing park and ride Area: 39,744.53 m2 and extension area of
48,762.50 m2, making it in total 88,507.03 m2 giving rise to a carrying capacity of 2000 cars,
which is more than adequate for Whitby. A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Why Park and Ride? The scheme will be more useful for tourists than if they were to use their own vehicles to
reach the town. The tourists also consider the cost and conveniences related to their
travelling and this would lead them into using the scheme. The followings are some of the
advantages that generate the introduction of park and ride out side of the town:
The scheme will serve in alleviating the rate of congestion along the roads going in
into the town. This means that the scheme will reduce the usually occurring
congestion within the streets of Whitby apart from the harbour zone.
Car parking in Whitby’s town centre is limited with on and off-street parking totalling
in the region of 3360 spaces, of which only approximately 50% are time limited in any
way. There are particularly acute parking problems in West Cliff and the harbour and
marina areas.
The reduction in the traffic congestion will ultimately act as tourist attraction to the
town.
The scheme leads to the decrease of vehicles within the town thereby forming the
basis for reduction of CO2 footprints.
The reduction in the traffic will also serve as a way of reducing the damages
occurring to the buildings during the times of congestion. .
The scheme also much cheaper form of parking compared to those in the town
centre.
The scheme also offers every social amenity that the users may be in need such as
shelter, toilets, telephone services, coffee shop security and lightning.
With traffic projected to grow by almost 3% by 2016, congestion in the area is
expected to worsen should steps not be taken to address it.
The park and ride system will form an integral part in achieving the objective, of the Whitby
town, of reducing the congestion within the various streets of the town. The reduction of
traffic within the transport sector will facilitate the rising demand of managing traffic in the
Whitby town. It will act as a tool in managing the status of the town. The relevant measures
associated with introducing the system include:
Bus priority measures.
Reduction in town centre parking availability.
Increased town centre parking charges.
Readily available travel information.
Provision of cycling facilities.
Road pricing and private non-residential/workplace parking.
The details of design and implementation of three possible locations out of the town for P&R
scheme will be discussed in this part of the report beside all the reasoning and measures
taken into consideration.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Traffic Flow of Whitby and need of parking;
Whitby traffic flow increases approximately 4% on every year and therefore we have worked
out the number of vehicles increasing on each year from August 2008 to August 2012. The
tables below show the proportion of vehicles passing on the three main entry routes in to
Whitby.
Table 2 Number of vehicles using A171 Guisborough Road to Whitby
Major Route A171 Guisborough to Whitby
(Includes A169 Pickering)
Year Month Number of vehicles
2008 August 10623
2009 August 11047
2010 August 11488
2011 August 11947
2012 August 12425
Table 3 Number of vehicles using A171 Scarborough Road to Whitby
Major Route A171 Scarborough to Whitby
Year Month Number of vehicles
2008 August 6706
2009 August 6974
2010 August 7253
2011 August 7543
2012 August 7845
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Table 4 Number of vehicles using A174 Sandsend Road to Whitby
Major Route A174 Sandsend to Whitby
Year Month Number of vehicles
2008 August 4629
2009 August 4814
2010 August 5007
2011 August 5207
2012 August 5415
The table below explains the traffic flow difference between year 2008 and 2012. The traffic
flows have increased rapidly in last 4 years and therefore the traffic congestion in Whitby
town centre creating severe problems for the tourists and locals.
Table 5
Total vehicles into Whitby in 2008 21,958
Total vehicles into Whitby in 2012 25685
The table above shows that Whitby town exhibits 25,685 vehicles passing, during the peak
seasons, while it offers a week attraction to 25,000 visitors and a day to 8,000. The increase
in the traffic flow in the town centre has created problems for the tourists and locals who are
coming into the town. This calls for the establishment for more parking spaces in order to fit
the rising number of cars in the town.
According to North Yorkshire County Council and North York Moors National Parks;
‘’Whitby and the Esk Valley are popular tourist destinations. The Esk Valley attracts in
excess of 2 million day visitors per year. Visitor figures purely for the Whitby area are not
available, but the Scarborough borough, in which Whitby is a significant destination, attracts
7 million leisure visitors. Visitors travel to the area throughout the year, but especially during
the summer season; traffic data shows an increase of 30% more traffic on the A171 during
August compared with the monthly annual average.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 55 A171Guisborough Road average monthly flow
Traffic levels increase dramatically in Whitby during the summer season, although there is
evidence that the traditional peak summer season is being extended to include a shoulder
season in spring and autumn. Also, the morning peak, in line with most of the coastal
destinations in the county, occurs later in the day generally between 10am and 12 noon. The
evening peak follows a more traditional pattern and occurs between 4pm and 6pm.
Figure 56 A171 Stainsacre Lane average monthly flow
Carbon/Environment Estimates of capture rates for the park and ride site show estimates of between 211(low)
and 440 (high) vehicles per day using the park and ride site. Taking into account estimates
on traffic growth (estimated using TEMPRO figures) the park and ride site is estimated to
deliver reductions in traffic growth of between 4% and 8% depending on uptake. This
demonstrates how the facility will allow growth in tourism traffic, but offers a sustainable
alternative mode of travel.’’ A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 57 Effect of P&R on A171 inbound summer flow
The details of design and implementation of three possible locations out of the town for P&R
scheme will be discussed in this part of the report beside all the reasoning and measures
taken into consideration.
Green Park and Ride: Team two decided to propose another park and ride in Whitby and call it Green Park and
Ride, to do this we had to search for appropriate location as follows;
Location One; The first location we had a look at during our site investigation was the farm land in the east
side of Whitby on Guisborough road (A171) just after the current Park and Ride, next to
Victoria Farm Garden Centre. Location shown below;
Figure 58 Location one.(https://mapsengine.google.com)
A M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 59 Total area of location one.(https://mapsengine.google.com)
The total area of this locatoin was 4.97 Hectares which is 49,700 m2 , interms of area it was
large enough to build the P&R on it and the only diadvantage about this plot of land was too
close to the current whitby’s P&R as shown in the photo below;
Figure 60 Existing P&R. (https://mapsengine.google.com)
For the reason mentioned above we decided to look for more suitable location and abandon
location one.
Location Two; The second location we checked and though it had a great potential during our site
investigation was a farm land on south east side of Whitby located on Stainsacre lane
(A171) towards Scarborough opposite to Homebase and Sainsbury superstore just after
Eskdale School, location shown below;
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 61 Figure () Location Two (https://mapsengine.google.com)
The total area of this particular land was 1.88 hectare its 18,800 m2 as shown below;
Figure 62 Total area of location two.(https://mapsengine.google.com)
The reasons for not choosing this location;
It is next to Eskdale School which could be dangerous for kids.
Too close to the residential area.
Possibly have to redesign the roads and change some of the local features.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 63 School close to location two. (https://mapsengine.google.com)
Location Three; The third location we came across during the site investigation is the free farm land on south
east side of Whitby on Stainsacre lane (A171) leading to Scarborough, this location is only
1.1 miles away from the high bridge and 1.7 mile away from Whitby town centre.
Figure 64 Location Three. (https://mapsengine.google.com)
The total area of this farm land is 11.9 ha that makes it 119,000 m2, there are also free lands
on both side of the location which could be appropriate for future expansion of the scheme.
The surround area mainly farms and it’s away from residential area also away from schools,
since it’s on the A171 no road works or rerouting need it, this makes is it more suitable for
our P&R.
Some of the Constraints identified from field Survey and checking local authority for plan
permission of this site were: A.M
Proposed Site is situated just within and the beginning of National Park Boundary. A
Strong case will need to be presented before planning approval is attained.
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Agricultural land, owned by Scarborough Borough Council.
Archaeology- NP records.
Flood plain zone1 (little or no flood risk less than 0.1%)
Figure 65 planning Application for proposed P&R site found on
(http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx
Figure 66 North York Moors National Park
http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Chosen site for P&R; After careful consideration and comparisons between the three sites considered above, the
third site has been chosen to be the most suitable for P&R scheme mainly because:
Accessibility from both direction ( Scarborough from right and Teesside, Pickering
and the west side of Whitby via the high bridge from the left side)
Because of the total area of this site, in general the park and ride scheme is intended
to offer about 1800 parking facilities to both the visitors and the daily road commuters
to Whitby.
The site is not a listed or a protected historical or archaeological resource
Situated within the proximity of the Whitby town centre
Far from the congested areas.
Away from flood risk areas since it’s situated in flood plain zone1 (little or no flood
risk less than 0.1%) according to the following table
Table 6 Whitby’s flood zones Planning Policy Guidance 25 (PPG25) for development and
flood risk
Away from the schools to minimize the risk of accidents.
Land availability and there is enough room to expand car park size in future.
Located there to encourage the economic regeneration of the east side of Whitby.
To reduce the air pollution thereby improving the quality of the local air, and reduce
the noise pollution.
It can also generate new job opportunities for the local people during the construction
and running the park and ride system i.e. parking wardens, security guards, etc. A.M.
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
The site is however lies on the boundary or just within the North Yorkshire Moors National
Park, figure below shows the map of this boundary. Negotiation will be required to secure
planning consent on this development location. A M
Figure 67 proposed site within the national park.
http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx
However negotiation to secure planning for the Industrial Estate was granted for the site on
the East approach to Whitby from Scarborough; one would hope the same could happen for
the planning application of this proposed development. Respect needs to be given to
National Park areas as it is they which control the conservation of the natural beauty of the
surrounding area to which North Yorkshire is famous for.
Economic The valuable economic gains from the land at the moment is the agricultural use to which to
the land is put into. This area has no meaningful commercial activity, given its current
agricultural uses, no significant development activity exists at the East approach location
apart from some development such as Homebase and Sainsbury Stores.
Site Design Detailed design of proposed location layout has drawn by using an AutoCAD to give a better
understanding to our client. Detailed design for the proposed car park layout for the site is
shown in figure below.
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 68 AutoCAD drawing of P&R.
The detailed design will also annotate the few significant points, which are summarised
Separate entry and exit designed for the buses with separate entry and exit for the
vehicles that uses the P&R (shown in figures below), to keep all traffic moving
smoothly and for the safety of users also avoid any collusions or delaying to the P&R
buses
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 69 separate exit & entry shown for cars, coaches and P&R buses.
A single one-way road will lead all traffic around the centre of the car park with a
roundabout to turn around and drive back out of the car park
Separate and safe walkways designed for pedestrians a soon as the get out of their
vehicles, this method is used across entire car park (shown in figure below).
Figure 70 pedestrian’s walkway and Pay & Display machines.
Pay and display machines located very close between every two parking zones (see
figure above).
The rest of the site will get intense landscaping around the boundary with hedges
and mild greenery in the rest of the site with few small ponds.(see figure below)
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 71 hedges, ponds and disabled parking shown.
Disabled parking areas in yellow designed at the start & end of the car parks with
easy access to them.(see figure above)
Grass Crete used for all parking spaces floor.
A large waiting area with two separate toilet, one office for drivers, one office for P&R
stuff and one shop where coffee and snacks sold also designed.(see figure below)
Figure 72 different facilities shown
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Construction;
Table below shows most of the tasks, materials and methods that will be used in the
construction of the P&R
Table 7 Construction of P&R
Why Grasscrete? GRASSCRETE has been used in the UK as a porous pavement either without any filling to
the holes or with the infill being in the form of high drainage media, then virtually the whole of
any high intensity rainfall is retained within the GRASSCRETE slab with subsequent slow
release allowing groundwater recharge.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Where overlaying poorly draining sub-grades, the lag time will be naturally extended until
water percolates through to the natural water table. In such instances, a significant reservoir
head can be created by installing a combination drainage blanket within the underlying sub-
base see figure below:
Figure 73
Figure 74
A M
Figure 75 self-drainage of Grasscrete. http://www.externalworksindex.co.uk
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Large surface areas would be allowed to drain through the grasscrete. One of the important
challenges that grasscrete face is to control the rainwater by limiting the amount of water
that goes into main sewer systems. As climate is changing; it will become ever more
important in the future. The amount of water will dictate the size of the pipes. The second
reason is to avoid vehicles oil or petrol to contaminate the ground; this can cause pollution
by entering in to natural water courses.
The ground level will be designed in a sloppy form so rainwater will be directed to collection
channels that will take the water to an infiltration trench.This technique is called source
control, The principal benefits of source control is:
Reduce flood risk.
Recharge underground water supplies.
Maintain base dry weather flows in watercourses.
Reduce deterioration in water quality.
They will be implemented as close to the source as possible. The aim of this is to reduce the
amount of water entering watercourses or sewers as much as possible. The method is only
possible in well drained soils. If it is not, soil can be treated by adding lime.
A disadvantage of grasscrete ground is that it can get saturated and cause flood as a result
of intense rainwater although the P&R is situated in the flood area of zone one which means
very little or no risk of flooding as mentioned before, but we can always overcome this
problem by designing a network of piping and drainage system where we could get rid of the
water and send it to the treatment as it might’ve been contaminated with oil or petrol.
Also As a natural “CO2 eater”, the grassed culture helps to reduce “greenhouse” emissions
at source within car parks and access roads.
Parking spaces sizes:
The size of parking spaces will be designed according to British parking standards as
follows;
Car 2.4 metres x 4.8 metres
Light Vans 2.4 metres x 5.5 metres
Rigid Vehicles 3.5 metres x 14.0 metres
Articulated Vehicles 3.5 metres x 18.5 metres
Coaches (60 seats) 3.5 metres x 14.0 metres A M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 76 Parking design standard
Also disabled people vehicles shown below;
Figure 77 Borough of Charnwood Local Plan, 2004 - Page 196
Parking Capacity:
The total parking capacity of our site is 1785 parking spaces and it contains;
1678 normal parking spaces
96 Disable parking spaces
11 Coaches parking spaces
But these value could all be changed according to the needs.
A M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Landscaping The benefit of landscaping the P&R is the attractiveness visitors/locals get to enjoy all year
round. The type of works that will be taken into consideration during the construction process
of the P&R sites is mentioned below:
Landscaping will improve the quality of the site and mitigate the visual intrusion on its
surroundings
A sensible balance of both soft landscaping and dense scrub planting will be used.
This method will be achieved by mixing low level shrubs with a canopy formed by
mature trees, together with a good quality landscape screen and a security fence
around the perimeter of the site
Existing landscape elements of the site will be re-used or incorporated, such as
trees, hedges, ponds and other water bodies
With the sites being close to the national park extra care will be provided
P&R Bus Route Loop: We are going to call our P&R service a (Green P&R), and there will be two services the first
one is called Green P&R to Whalebone Arche and this contains three stops only which are:
Journey One (Green P&R to Whalebone Arche);
Stop1 Station Square: People can get off at this stop if they want to go to the
Whitby’s town centre, Swing Bridge, captain cooks museum, 199 steps, Whitby’s
Abbey, the Piers, or simply anywhere else in the town centre.
Stop2 Whitby Museum: People can get off at this stop if they want to go to Whitby’s
Museum.
Stop3 Whalebone Arche: The service is terminating at this stop. People can get off
at this stop if they want to go to see the Whalebones Arche, Captain Cook’s statue
and the sea sides.
The whole journey will take minimum 13 minutes but again it depends on traffic and
different times during the day, during the rush hour it could take a bit more than 13
minutes. A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
The duration and distance of this journey shown below;
A.M
Figure 78 Journey one; Green P&R to Whalebone Arche.
Figure 79 Map of Green P&R route.
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Although the idea of park and ride is to transport people who use the P&R to one particular
location, but we have decided to extend the stops to three stops the reason for this is
explained:
We want to ensure people that it’s a brilliant idea to use the Green P&R and leave
their cars there rather than driving around in town centre where parking is a big
problem in order to go to the places where everyone wants to see such as the Swing
Bridge, Captain Cooks Museum, Whitby Abby, 199 steps, Whalebones and more,
because our buses can drop them close enough to all this locations and pick them up
in return.
It works out cheaper for them to use our Green P&R because they will be charged
once for both car parks and delivering them in the return journey to the town centre
on our buses.
It helps people with disability or old people and families with young kids to get around
Whitby’s famous places such as the places mentioned before and not worry about
parking or how to get to the places and return.
They could avoid the traffic and get to the town centre quickly.
We could reduce traffic congestion dramatically, since we offer these stops people
don’t have to take their cars to these locations where we believe they are the main
causes of traffic congestion because they are the attraction locations for visitors.
The second service is called Whalebone Arche to Green P&R and this contains three
stops also, because people who has been to the town centre and the famous locations and
decided to go back to their vehicles they could do so, at the same time our buses don’t have
to return empty but rather the same bus which terminates the service at Whalebone Arch, it
could start the journey back to the Green P&R through the three previous stops, in this way
we could cut down the cost of fuel and less CO2 emission
Journey Two (Whalebone Arche to Green P&R):
Stop1 Whitby Museum
Stop2 Station Square
Stop3 Green P&R where the service is terminating.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
The whole journey will take minimum 13 minutes but again it depends on traffic and different
times during the day, during the rush hour it could take a bit more than 13 minutes.
The duration and distance of this journey shown below;
Figure 80 Journey Two; Whalebone Arche to Green P&R.
It is worth mentioning that we could also provide another route or service to Whitby Abby if
planning permission approved, because Whitby Abby is the location that almost everyone
who visits Whitby end up there and it’s the final location for many visitors after spending
most of their time in the town centre, so it could be quite busy location and it’s a good idea to
pick up passengers especially old and disabled people or family with kids.
The service is only one stop, distance and duration shown below;
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Figure 81 distance and duration for Whitby Abby service shown.
A.M
Figure 82 Map of Green P&R route to Whitby Abbey only.
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Electric Bus:
Figure 83 Electric Bus
Similar buses will be used in the park and ride plan, comparable Electric Bus is already in
progress on the demanding Route 7 bus service in Milton Keynes to evaluate the technical
and commercial feasibility of all-electric buses and to prove that low-carbon transport can be
a cost-effective and efficient alternative to fuel buses.
The cleverness behind these types of buses is that there is no need to be plugged into the
mains, the electric buses have their batteries recharged wirelessly. Every hour about ten-
minute boost is enough to empower them to operate all day. Normally this is done
throughout programmed driver breaks.
The speed which the bus can be recharge is that uses induction power transfer through
wireless charging system and this innovation makes it possible for the bus to match the
capabilities of the fuel or diesel counterparts.
Also these sizes of buses were decided because of speed and manoeuvrability purposes
which would be a problem with in a town of narrow road passageways. A.M
Time schedule P&R schedule varies from the tourist peak season to the time when the tourism drops, below
the time table shown for different season during the year. The information should be shown
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
at every P&R stops and also in Park and Ride site, Whitby bus station and Whitby visitor’s
information centre.
Table 8 Green P&R Time Schedule
Season/ Days Operation Hours
April- September
Monday- Friday
Weekends/ Bank Holidays
Service every 15 minutes
7am to 9pm
6am to 10pm
October- March
Monday- Friday
Weekends/ Bank Holidays
Service every 25 minutes
7am to 4pm
7am to 7pm
Fares
The fares will be similar or close to the existing Park and ride in Whitby, fares shown
below.
Table 9 Park and Ride Fares
Type of fare Price
Basic fare Single £1.50
Return £2.30
Young person
(aged 5 - 17 years old)
Single £0.75
Return £1.15
Concessionary fare scheme
(people with a senior or disabled persons bus
pass)
Return £1.15
Family ticket
(up to two children under 16 and two adults)
£4.80
Weekly ticket £10
Monthly ticket £35
A.M
Cost:
The method we used to calculate the total cost of constructing Green P&R was comparison
method, which means compare to similar project we determined the total cost.
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
Compare to the existing park and ride in Whitby the total cost could be around £3500000 -
£4000000, because of the size of the site and the capacity of parking spaces.
Conclusion; The Green Park and Ride Facility proposed for Whitby; it can be determined that the viability
of the development has a strong argument. The report of the development has discussed the
design requirements for such an important facility, from choosing of the location, size of
facility in terms of amount of cars it can service, the environmental impact of the
development within a national park and the design that it blends in to its natural environment
as finest as is possible.
A transportation system was examined with possible routes, a solution of small electrical
buses was decided because of speed and manoeuvrability purposes which would be a
problem with in a town of narrow road passageways.
A design for the Station building to service the Car Park was considered with a total cost of
construction around £3500000 - £4000000. Final designs would be subject to the national
park planning specifications
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
AM
Figure 84 Green Park & Ride Construction Gantts Chart (with total of 207 days)
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Set up a location for establishment
Prepare the location for Basic material to Arrive
Site investigation
Site excavation
Sewage and pipe networking
Installing the reinforced steel bars
Pouring the foundation
Building facilities
Grasscrete parking spaces
Road layout
Asphalt-Road
Paint and mark the bays
Land scaping
Clearing the site
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
87
Endeavour Wharf Centre (Edison Derrick Mugoya)
Training is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the
teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful
competencies. This proposal is located on the endeavour wharf of Whitby’s upper harbour
on the west side of the river Esk. This facility is a tertiary sector of development, in the sense
that it provides a service for the people that will require it. The endeavour wharf centre is a
multifunctional structure that will be architectural challenging as it will need to be the centre
of the new development both commercial and economical whistles retaining an aesthetically
accepted design to the locals. It will have to be sustainable in operations, integrated with the
environment and with a minimum effect on the flora and fauna ecosystem.
The Location of the endeavour wharf is on a grid reference of NZ 89684 10723 and
the area of development is given as 9,487.89 m2 as shown (fig 1). Figure 1 shows the
proposed area of development highlighted in purple and its location on the west side of the
river Esk.
Geology of the endeavour wharf centre location The geology report covered in the later section covers the general geology of Whitby and
relying on that information is a little vague. The location of the centre has a borehole BH 111
and BH 110 located on the north of the proposal and provides us with adequate information
regarding the soil beneath the endeavour wharf. As shown below (fig 2) over the proposed
centre only one superficial deposit rock type covers the area that is alluvium (AVL).
E.D.M
Figure 85 Construction site area
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
88
More specifically endeavour wharf centre proposal has the borehole data BH 111,
BH 110 listed in table 1 below. The data in the tables are given to a depth up-till 25meters
below the ground surface.
Table 10 BH110 GL
BH 110 GL- 1.96m AOD
Soil Type Thickness (m)
Soft, black clayey silt with decomposed plant debris and wood 1.30
Soft, dark brown silty clay with pieces of wood and sub-angular
gravel
0.80
Soft grey / brown organic material becoming silty alluvium 2.90
Firm red / brown clay 1.80
Medium sub-angular to Sub-rounded grey brown gravel with
sand and sub-angular sandstone cobbles.
6.70
Light grey highly weathered siltstone very weak 1.60
Grey to black thinly laminated mudstone highly fossiliferous.
Fracture spacing close to moderate.
8.60
Table 11 BH 111
BH 111 GL- 5.82m AOD
Soil Type Thickness (m)
Soft grey / brown silty clay with fine sub-angular gravel 2.00
Soft to firm red / brown sandy clay 2.10
Medium sub-angular to sub-rounded grey brown gravel with sand
and sub-angular sandstone cobbles.
1.05
Figure 86 Overall geology of Whitby area at a map scale of 1:5000 (digimap reference, 2014)
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
89
dark grey / brown weathered siltstone and mudstone weak to
moderate strength
3.35
Grey to black thinly laminated mudstone highly fossiliferous.
Fracture spacing close to moderate.
11.50
Based on the data from the borehole we can find the material strength of each
sedimentary level and calculate the ultimate bearing capacity and shear resistance of the
soil at which the structure will be resting on. This information will help us decide the depth to
which the foundation should reach and also give us an idea as to whether underground
parking would be structural stable as a viable attempt to reducing congestion within this
area.
Flood risk around the endeavour wharf, flooding is a major challenge in any coastal
or flood plain development. According to Whitby’s history on flooding it has had several tidal
and overflow bank floods from the river; last major one occurred in 1983.
The areas that are directly affected from these phenomena’s are within the flooding
plain of the river Esk. Church Street, Pier Road and New Quays Road just to name a few
where seriously affected when the over flow of sea water was pushed upstream. A
substantial amount of water rushed in a manner that the river Esk couldn’t handle busting its
banks and flooding the upper harbour. The harbour area was covered with water reaching a
height of 1
2 meter making it difficult for many businesses and shops in this area to function.
The endeavour wharf centre like
the designs seen off Spital Bridge
whereby the ground floor area was used
as an open area and nothing of significant value is located on the ground level. This is a
method used with structures over the sea sides as an effect to keep the water out. A
prediction of rising sea level water in Whitby area is assuming 5mm/year, given a decade or
so this figure may increase making it more of a risk to the structures in Whitby. The highest
recorded tide at Whitby is 3.0 m so our design must incorporate this into the design of the
centre. The expected sea-level rise associate with climate change will result in an increase
in the probability of flooding, Floods period are expected to occur every 50yrs, so the next
major flood is expected to happen around 2030 because the last major one was in (1983),
with more risk and affect. Strong floods are known to damage and break water piers so the
structure proposed will have to withstand these elements without over designed parameter,
what I mean by that is a thick column that is costly in terms of material but still provides a
relatively strong means of protection against the floods.
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
90
As shown above if
the water level rises and the river floods its banks then the occupants of the building won’t
be affected as the first floor is raised to a level above the highest recorded flood. This design
element has a huge cost benefit in times like these where the property damage to the
structure will be minimized and it provides easy access for the water to spread during the
flood. Buildings and other structures within a flood plain zone only increase the discharge
time of the river, however a good drainage system may pose as a solution to spread the
water out more quickly avoiding/reducing the chances of a flood.
Sustainable use of the structure
The endeavour wharf provides a fantastic location that will be an attraction to tourists
and will bring a new iconic symbol to Whitby. The endeavour wharf centre will have to be
sustainably managed during the operations of the build. A computer will monitor the
temperature, air quality, and usage of electricity, water and gas within the structure. It will
attempt to maintain a comfortable space whistle using minimal energy. It will be a
monumental and an aspirational concept that should be considered as the golden nugget to
the Whitby experience, a must see facility.
The Integrated design of the endeavour wharf will have masts like captain cooks
ship, however the masts are designed to channel warm air through it to then turn turbines
and generate its own electric. This technology though farfetched can be a pioneering
example to the buildings ability to sustainable manage and control its environment.
Furthermore, its proposed that orientation of the building is north facing to allow maximum
exposure to the sun light so as to use less energy for lighting up rooms and spaces. Also
solar panels may be considered though a downside to it is that it might be visually
unappealing to the nature of Whitby’s upper harbour scene.
E.D.M
Figure 87 Good example of basement design
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
91
The endeavour wharf centre will accommodate a space suitable for a temporary exhibition,
art gallery and museum. This space will be open to the public and will also act as a tourist
destination attracting more tourism to the endeavour wharf centre. On the ground floor shops
and restaurants such as fish and chips shops, McDonalds and pizza hut may be situated
here as well. Some ideas of the usage of space include a bowling alley way and indoor mini
golf structure as such activities will draw the youth back into Whitby.
E.D.M
Figure 88 Proposal design for the endeavour wharf centre (AutoCAD drawing, 2104)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
92
On the 1st floor of the centre this space has been used for the allocations for 2 lecture
theatres and 3 seminar rooms for the sole purpose of training. Smaller standard class rooms
may be added depending on the nature of training the client will be interested in attaining.
This floor is dedicated to an educational firm that will provide unique skills not learnt from
school; skills such as culinary class and boat and sailing training for fisher men and boat
management. The lecture theatres are multipurpose so they can be converted into cinema
theatres providing an additional 2 screens on show. Currently there are no proper cinema
facilities in Whitby so this will be a first of its kind, with huge benefits for the young and old
population demography.
On the 2nd floor computer suites or cyber café will we allocated in the space available
after the office spaces and meeting rooms have been taken. The needed for good office
space screams out in Whitby as old buildings may be a tourist attraction but are not suitably
designed for modern office work of today. Standard office size rooms and working spaces
have increased with time some this floor is dedicated to a design for a large investing
company that will require office spaces in the heart of Whitby city. The office space will
include its own kitchen and bathroom facilities and a reception area as well.
As shown above (fig 5) the proposed endeavour wharf centre also provides some
room for parking facilities on its south face for the offices located on the 2nd floor of the
centre. This reduces the number of cars parked on the side kerbs of hotels and restaurants
also it will aid in increased parking if sections of it where open to the public but charged
slightly more for the purpose of numbers.
Materials Used for Construction
(Fig 6) above shows the proposed centre in a 3 dimensional conceptual view. The roof in the
lower section is made from a transparent synthetic plastic that is both durable and elastic.
This material can withstand pressure of up to 150MPa. (http://www.matweb.com/). This
gives the glass the ability to resist breaking under tensile stress which is one of the most
important and widely measured properties of materials used in structural applications. Table
2 below gives the ultimate tensile strength of the proposed plastics that could be considered.
Table 12 The ultimate tensile strength, elongation and modulus of various plastics
(http://www.matweb.com/)
Polymer Type Ultimate
Tensile
Strength(MPa)
Elongation (%)
Tensile
ModulusPa)
E.D.M
Figure 89 Conceptual drawing of the endeavour wharf (AutoCAD drawing)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
93
ABS 40 30 2.3
ABS + 30% Glass
Fiber
60 2 9
Acetal Copolymer 60 45 2.7
Acetal Copolymer
+ 30% Glass Fiber
110 3 9.5
Acrylic 70 5 3.2
Nylon 6 70 90 1.8
Polyamide-Imide 110 6 4.5
Polycarbonate 70 100 2.6
Polyethylene,
HDPE
15 500 0.8
Polyethylene
Terephthalate
(PET)
55 125 2.7
Polyimide 85 7 2.5
Polyimide + Glass
Fiber
150 2 12
Polypropylene 40 100 1.9
Polystyrene 40 7 3
The main structure of the building i.e. the core area and all the columns and beams will be reinforced with rebar’s of M35 (table4) which can withstand a tensile force of 7.85kgm-1 and the concrete used will have a Characteristic compressive strength of 30N/mm2 at 28 days with a 2.5% defective rate (k=1.96). Portland cement class 42.5 proposed with a maximum aggregate size, 20 mm and a maximum free-water/cement ratio, 0.55 the minimum cement content, 290kg/m3. Fine aggregate grading as following table. Table 13 Taken from calcrete computer learning package the fine aggregate grading table.
Sieve size Weight retained (g)
5 mm 0
2.36 mm 40
1.18 mm 40
600 μm 70
300 μm 200
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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150 μm 100
Pan 50
Metric sizes
Metric bar designation represents the specified rebar stick diameter in millimetres, rounded to the nearest 5 mm.
Table 14 list of rebar’s and their tensile strength taken from http://www.rebar-info.com/
Bar
Size
Mass
(kg/m)
Nom
Diam.
(mm)
Cross-
Section
Area
(mm2)
#10 M 0.785 11.3 100
#15 M 1.570 16.0 200
#20 M 2.355 19.5 300
#25 M 3.925 25.2 500
#30 M 5.495 29.9 700
#35 M 7.850 35.7 1000
#45 M 11.775 43.7 1500
#55 M 19.625 56.4 2500
Based off the general rock types used in Whitby surrounding structures Shale would be
suitable for the walls and bricks could be made from the rock cliff sides on the east cliff.
Method Statement (Edison Derrick Mugoya) Planning scope
Several detailed designs combined makes up the single viable solutions
Combination of the commercial development and Bridge
Please address to all the area of the brief
Methods statements and Risk assessment, for commercial and bridge development
We need 10 more significant methods of construction operations, foundation, roofing, shear walls and glass windows fittings such stuff
Every proposal should consider flooding, erosion weathering etc off the brief note…
For example the endeavor wharf provides a fantastic location that will be an attraction to tourists and will bring a new iconic symbol to Whitby other than the captain cook boats and famous fish and chips attractions of current times. It will be monumental, aspirational and considered as the golden nugget to the Whitby experience, a must see facility.
Training Centre will be done by Edison Derrick Mugoya.
Drawings printed in A3 for both commercial and bridge, in a first angle projection
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Clearing land for Development
E.D.M
Figure 90 Tracked excavator (internet Reference)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Planning Scope
Clear Land for Development
Excavate to 25m depth
Bored or Driven piles
Reinforcements added to piles and Slab
Slab of concrete to piles
Basement Pillars and columns
Geogrids and Earth refill
Floor Slab to begin ground floor
Columns and Core Areas construction
Assembling stairs and lift shaft
Anochring the Cranes and sites manuoevurings
Joints to the main floor slab
Bolting Plates to columns and beams
Erections of scaffolding
Formworks and Cladding
Roof fittings
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
97
The equipment in this category includes machines that are used in digging
excavations and in trenching operations. Although many operations that involve digging
material could be called an excavation, we have listed equipment here that is most often
used to dig more size limited excavations and trench excavations.
Some of the equipment listed in this section is used in various precision types excavating
due to their manoeuvrability. The large “mass excavators” will be found in the earthmoving
and mining section that follows.
[1] Leading the list of excavating and trenching equipment s is a combination type
machine called the loader backhoe, backhoe loader, or tractor backhoe. This is one of the
most versatile pieces of equipment built. Dredges are machines that are used to excavate
are that are under water. Dredges are used to deepen harbours and waterways and in that
sense are excavating machines and are included in this section. They are also used in
underwater mining. (Rhino Marketing.inc 2014)
[2] Excavators come in two basic forms, as shown in figure 7 tracked and wheeled.
The tracked excavator is more common place, due to it having better flotation and traction
characteristics than the wheeled excavator. These machines are used in many different
industries due to their versatility. Chain and wheel trenchers are effective at creating
trenches that are dug close to design depth. Trenches that are not dug deep enough can
often result in having to re-dig the trench, often from the side in an operation known as side-
digging. This can be very wasteful and expensive. Digging trenches that are deeper than
necessary is also wasteful and expensive, and is known as unnecessary “over dig”. (Rhino
Marketing.inc, 2014)
EDM
Figure 91 Figure 7 Gantts Chart On the different construction Operations
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Figure 92 The Drills used for Bored piles (http://www.heavyequipment.com/heavy-
equipment/excavation-trenching.)
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Figure 93 Crane used for lifting (Internet, reference 2014)
Cost of Endeavour EDM
Table 15 Unit Price
TABLE 5-2: Unit Prices in Two Contractors' Bids for Roadway Construction
Items Unit Quantity Unit price
1 2
Mobilization ls 1 115,000 569,554
Removal, berm lf 8,020 1.00 1.50
Finish subgrade sy 1,207,500 0.50 0.30
Surface ditches lf 525 2.00 1.00
Excavation structures cy 7,000 3.00 5.00
Base course, untreated, 3/4'' ton 362,200 4.50 5.00
Lean concrete, 4'' thick sy 820,310 3.10 3.00
PCC, pavement, 10'' thick sy 76,010 10.90 12.00
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Concrete, ci AA (AE) ls 1 200,000 190,000
Small structure cy 50 500 475
Barrier, precast lf 7,920 15.00 16.00
Flatwork, 4'' thick sy 7,410 10.00 8.00
10'' thick sy 4,241 20.00 27.00
Slope protection sy 2,104 25.00 30.00
Metal, end section, 15'' ea 39 100 125
18'' ea 3 150 200
Post, right-of-way, modification lf 4,700 3.00 2.50
Salvage and relay pipe lf 1,680 5.00 12.00
Loose riprap cy 32 40.00 30.00
Braced posts ea 54 100 110
Delineators, type I lb 1,330 12.00 12.00
type II ea 140 15.00 12.00
Constructive signs fixed sf 52,600 0.10 0.40
Barricades, type III lf 29,500 0.20 0.20
Warning lights day 6,300 0.10 0.50
Pavement marking, epoxy material
Black gal 475 90.00 100
Yellow gal 740 90.00 80.00
White gal 985 90.00 70.00
Plowable, one-way white ea 342 50.00 20.00
Topsoil, contractor furnished cy 260 10.00 6.00
Seedling, method A acr 103 150 200
Excelsior blanket sy 500 2.00 2.00
Corrugated, metal pipe, 18'' lf 580 20.00 18.00
Polyethylene pipe, 12'' lf 2,250 15.00 13.00
Catch basin grate and frame ea 35 350 280
Equal opportunity training hr 18,000 0.80 0.80
E.D.M
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Granular backfill borrow cy 274 10.00 16.00
Drill caisson, 2'x6'' lf 722 100 80.00
Flagging hr 20,000 8.25 12.50
Prestressed concrete member
type IV, 141'x4'' ea 7 12,000 16.00
132'x4'' ea 6 11,000 14.00
Reinforced steel lb 6,300 0.60 0.50
Epoxy coated lb 122,241 0.55 0.50
Structural steel ls 1 5,000 1,600
Sign, covering sf 16 10.00 4.00
type C-2 wood post sf 98 15.00 17.00
24'' ea 3 100 400
30'' ea 2 100 160
48'' ea 11 200 300
Auxiliary sf 61 15.00 12.00
Steel post, 48''x60'' ea 11 500 700
type 3, wood post sf 669 15.00 19.00
24'' ea 23 100 125
30'' ea 1 100 150
36'' ea 12 150 180
42''x60'' ea 8 150 220
48'' ea 7 200 270
Auxiliary sf 135 15.00 13.00
Steel post sf 1,610 40.00 35.00
12''x36'' ea 28 100 150
Foundation, concrete ea 60 300 650
Barricade, 48''x42'' ea 40 100 100
Wood post, road closed lf 100 30.00 36.00
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Portland cement grout pumped into place is between £4 and £10 per cubic foot including overhead and profit. In addition to the variation in the unit cost, the total cost of the bottom section will depend upon the thickness of the soil layer grouted and the proportion of voids in the soil. That is: for a 4 ft layer with 20% voids, grouting cost = £1,152,000 to £2,880,000 for a 4 ft layer with 30% voids, grouting cost = £1,728,000 to £4,320,000 for a 6 ft layer with 20% voids, grouting cost = £1,728,000 to £4,320,000 for a 6 ft layer with 30% voids, grouting cost = £2,592,000 to £6,480,000 EDM
Table 16 Cost Factors of Processing
TABLE 5-4 Cost Factors of Processing Units for Treatment Plants
Processing
unit
Unit of
capacity
K Value
(1968 £)
m
value
1. Liquid processing
Oil separation mgd 58,000 0.84
Hydroclone degritter mgd 3,820 0.35
Primary sedimentation ft2 399 0.60
Furial clarifier ft2 700 0.57
Sludge aeration basin mil. gal. 170,000 0.50
Tickling filter ft2 21,000 0.71
Aerated lagoon basin mil. gal. 46,000 0.67
Equalization mil. gal. 72,000 0.52
Neutralization mgd 60,000 0.70
2. Sludge handling
Digestion ft3 67,500 0.59
Vacuum filter ft2 9,360 0.84
Centrifuge lb dry
solids/hr
318 0.81
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Source: Data are collected from various sources by P.M. Berthouex. See the
references for the primary sources.
TABLE 5-6 Illustrative Cost Estimate Using Labour, Material and Equipment Rates
Description Quantity
Qi
Material
unit cost
Mi
Equipment
unit cost
Ei
Wage
rate
Wi
Labour
input
Li
Labour
unit cost
WiLi
Direct
cost
Yi
Formwork 12,000 ft2 £0.4/ft2 £0.8/ft2 £15/hr 0.2 hr/ft2 $3.0/ft2 £50,400
Rebars 4,000 lb 0.2/lb 0.3/lb 15/hr 0.04 hr/lb 0.6/lb 4,440
Concrete 500 yd3 5.0/yd3 50/yd3 15/hr 0.8 hr/yd3 12.0/yd3 33,500
Total £88,300
TABLE 5-5 Illustrative Decomposition of Building Foundation Costs
Design
elements
Contract elements
Formwork Rebars Concrete Total cost
Footings £5,000 $10,000 £13,000 £28,000
Foundation
walls
15,000 18,000 28,000 61,000
Elevator pit 9,000 15,000 16,000 40,000
Total cost £29,000 $43,000 £57,000 £129,000
Given the above table to calculate the total cost of the Proposal toward the Endeavour Wharf
Centre is roughly based on the construction with consideration of before/current/after
operations, materials and cost of labour this brings us to a total cost of £6,697,300.
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Risk Assessment
This is a risk assessment report for the construction of the Endeavour Wharf has been
considered; as the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASAWA) and the Management of
Health and Safety at Work regulations 1999 require a risk assessment to show that we have
placed a reasonably practical scheme to reduce the hazards on a construction site.
Table 17 Risk Assessment
Likelihood of
Accident
Rating Severity of Accident Rating
Almost certain 5 Deaths, widespread
loss
5
Likely 4 Major injury, major
loss
4
Equal chance 3 Injury requiring 3
days or more
absence
3
Possibly 2 Minor injury/illness.
Immediate first aid
2
Negligible 1 None or very minor
injury/illness
1
Based on the table above the matrix below classifies the likelihood vs severity and conveys
the chance of the hazard causing harm. The higher the score the more likely the risk. The
colours give a sense of the intensity; green is acceptable and red is very severe.
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Table 18 Risk Assessment Sheet
BRADFORD UNIVERSITY Endeavour Wharf Centre
RISK ASSESSMENT SHEET
DATE 23/11/14 EDM SHEET No / 1
Activity Hazard People at risk Risk rating Control measures or comments Risk rating Result
(Green, Amber,
Red)
S L R S L R
Crane Machinery
Injury to personnel
Personnel in the
crane cab
3 3 9 A maintenance and service schedule is to be
established and implemented. Keys to the crane
must be signed out
2 3 6 Green
Lifting
Failure of lifting
equipment
Damage to
buildings/equipment
and injury/death to
personnel
5 3 15 All lifting equipment is to be certificated and
inspected regularly. A copy of certification is to be
posted for record keeping and reference.
5 2 10 Amber
Falling Materials
Damage to
buildings/equipment
and injury/death to
people on ground
5 3 15 All lifts are to be carried out as directed in the lifting
assessments and schedule of common. All lifts are
to be carried out by competent trained
slinger/signallers
5 2 10 Amber
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Access to and from
site
Exposure to debris
and risk of being hit
Risk to: Public/
Operators/ Site
Operatives
3 2 6 All other site operatives to be made aware of crane
movement. High visibility jacket for ground
works/people.
2 2 4 Green
Maneuvering around
site
Ground
Conditions
Crane travelling over
unprepared or
uneven ground
possible damage to
ground surface and
or crane and
property.
3 3 9 Ground to be assessed at time of site inspection.
Ground improvement to be implemented where
needed. Operator/Crane Supervisor to inspect on
day of operation.
3 2 6 Green
Lifting
Heavy loads
Co-coordinator and
crane supervisor
4 3 12 Visual assessments are to be made by competent
personnel to ensure the correct lifting equipment is
used for the lift and that the crane is able to lift the
weight of the load at the required radius
4 2 8 Amber
Lifting
High Winds
Instability and loss of
control of lifting
operation
3 3 9 Wind speeds within the site area are to be
monitored and all lifting operations are to be done in
strict conditions not reaching threating wind speeds
3 1 3 Green
Crane Machinery Unscheduled / Non
competent lifts
Damage to
buildings/equipment
and injury/death to
personnel
4 2 8 No unauthorized persons are to carry out any lifting
operations; all operatives are to show proof of their
competency prior to employment.
4 1 4 Green
Positioning of crane Close proximity of
cranes/building/publ
ic amenities
Entanglement
leading to loss of
integrity of load
3 3 9 A safe system of work is to be done ensuring that
the risk of collision is removed.
3 1 3 Green
Location of dead
cranes
Sleeping or dead
cranes.
Collision of cranes 4 2 8 Crash radio system or a zoning system fitted to the
crane. Removing the dead crane off the site.
4 1 4 Green
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Manual operations Manual
Handling and
signalling
Incorrect signals give
to crane operator
causing damage to
loads, property or
injury to personnel.
5 4 20 Qualified Signalers to use recognized hand signals
or radio commands to communicate with crane
operators.
5 2 10 Amber
BREEAM ASSESSMENT
BREEAM is the world's foremost environmental assessment method and rating system for buildings, with 250,000 buildings with
certified BREEAM assessment ratings and over a million registered for assessment since it was first launched in 1990.
BREEAM sets the standard for best practice in sustainable building design, construction and operation and has become one of the most
comprehensive and widely recognized measures of a building's environmental performance. It encourages designers, clients and others to
think about low carbon and low impact design, minimizing the energy demands created by a building before considering energy efficiency and
low carbon technologies.
A BREEAM assessment uses recognized measures of performance, which are set against established benchmarks, to evaluate a building’s
specification, design, construction and use. The measures used represent a broad range of categories and criteria from energy to ecology.
They include aspects related to energy and water use, the internal environment (health and well-being), pollution, transport, materials, waste,
ecology and management processes.
E.D.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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To meet the maximum amount of sustainability possible throughout the entire life cycle of the
endeavor design will comply with the fullest extent of BREEAM. BREEAM, or Building
Research Establishment’s Environment Assessment Method, aims to provide:
An unbiased independent assessment method for the sustainably of building
Recognition and ranking of a building sustainability credentials
A ranking system to stimulate the demand for sustainable building
Sustainability is a key part of our project brief as we are required to construct a building that
aims to:
Increase energy efficiency and reduce C02 emissions throughout the life and
construction of building.
Reduce mains water usage.
Employ recycled and reused low impact and locally sourced materials throughout
construction.
Improve and enhance existing buildings and design for longevity.
Utilise Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS).
Provide adequate space for recycling and composting.
Monitor and penalize pollution.
Measure, integrate and enhance biodiversity.
Strategically reduce the need to travel by car.
Using these guidelines I have separated the BREEM codes and practices into a table that is
relevant to the project brief requirements and the endeavour structure. (See table 6)
EDM
Summary to Endeavour Wharf Centre Proposal (Edison Derrick Mugoya)
I believe the endeavour wharf centre is a viable development proposal as it meets
the client’s brief whistle extenuating the sustainability issues that come with this level of
construction. Simple considerations such as orientation of the structure facing the east side
receives majority of the suns energy and carefully placed ventilations help to mitigate the
carbon footprint of the building. According to the BREEAM assessment this proposal is
ranked in an exclusive class that can be compared to Hayden Hills Cardiff University which
in itself is competitive on the global market. On the financial front the cost of the entire
proposal is £6,697,300 making it affordable for the Whitby Coastal development Consortium
(CDC). As a training centre it is more than adequate to host a tourist festival as its flexibility
and large open spaces gives rise to this making it an ideal location for this purpose. The
architectural designs can be easily changed and manipulated as the structure has given
room for such adjustments. Flora and Fauna is usually an aspect of development that is
pushed aside in terms of priority however the integrated design of the roof greenery provides
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
109
a space to allow a controlled amount of unique flora and fauna to be inhabited, as the
example in New York whereby a new species of frog was discovered! Social inputs towards
the proposal has been optimistic with a comment from a lady of TOFFE coffee shop saying
she would like to see a facility that can accommodate both the elderly and maintain a friendly
environment for the youngster.
Detailed Proposal Tourist Attraction Water Sport) (Alan Majeed) The water sports industry has seen big changes over the past decade, people enjoying
these types of adventures particularly during their special events such as birthdays,
anniversaries or summer holidays. Whitby as a coastal town lacks of these type of activities
in particular and north Yorkshire in general, at the same time Whitby geographically has all
what these activities needs from the beach to river and hills and areas surround by trees.
During summer time in Whitby’s west side bay the activities flourish along the beach on a
low tide, from a social aspect more people are will be willing to travel to Whitby if there were
more water activities for all age groups, because this will make Whitby more unique in
Yorkshire particularly and England as a whole. This will create more revenue for CDC and
helps the young people to stay in Whitby.
In recent years according to the demography majority of the population are moving towards
the elderly. It shown on an age to percentile graph that there is about 60-70% of the
population over the ages of 35 this is above the generally age accepted as youth. The
increase in this figure has led to a deterioration of activities that are suitable and enjoyable to
the youth. Whitby’s main concern is to encourage the youth to return to Whitby by means of
introducing fun and innovative activities to attract the youth back to Whitby and to balance
out the demography. The elderly are become less capable to work due to physical demands.
The youth restores and encourages growth on all fronts, finically, economically, social and in
some cases environmental.
A.M
Figure 94demography of Whitby town in 2009(http://www.surreyi.gov.uk)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
110
As shown in the graph a demography of Whitby town in 2009 shows that the population
seems to be necking down below the ages of 30-34 as its decline in activities for the youth is
clearly evident based from this. This graph also tells us that the general trend of Yorkshire
seems to aging more making it more difficult for development to occur as old traits persist.
We recognise the need to preserve our history whistle the needs for modern growth is
adjustable. However at what cost will we strive for change in Whitby? As engineers it’s our
job to assess such matters and to see how they way out the negatives. One solution towards
this is to encourage the youth to involve themselves in development that will be beneficial for
them and their future.
One of the proposed ideas was to construct a retractable floating cabin to be placed on the
west cliff pier that will be designed for the sole purpose of water sports. Jet skis are the up
and coming water sport activities rated by the youth as advancements and water jet
technology has been praised through media and social networks. This will not affect the
pier’s structure at all as its very light in terms of weight and it’s movable, we could always
locate it somewhere else.
A.M
Figure 95 Jet Ski (www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com)
Figure 96 3D proposed location for platform
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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This proposal as shown above the rectangle platform hangs off the west cliff piers and has a
motor to indulge the whole structure to move up and down with the tides. Its purpose is to
lower its self onto the water surface safely to allow the elderly to use the facility as well. It is
made of a material plastic that has a buoyancy force of 1500kgm-3 which will ensure that the
structure can float. As shown on the right it has enough room to place a tent and hosts of up
to 30persons at a go without punching the plastic.
Another proposal is to provide a totally mobile or movable floating platform made of plastic
that can be take part or put together quickly, this could be delivered or removed from the
coast using boats or vehicles as shown in the figure below.
Figure 97moveable floating platform (http://www.ecvv.com)
The activity that we could offer at this location contains jet packs, Jet Ski, parasailing,
banana boat, glass bottom boat and fly fish as seen from the figure below A.M
Figure 98Figure () Water sport activities www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
112
Other activities that we could bring to Whitby with our water sport proposal would be similar
to what is in North Wales currently called Bala Water sport, which is an adventure and
excitement of outdoor pursuits, to individuals, families, schools and groups. There are wide
range of activities on offer, including canoeing/kayaking, climbing/abseiling, windsurfing,
sailing, archery, camp craft, raft building, mountain biking, power boating, hill
walking, gorge walking, and white-water rafting.
Figure 99 Canoeing, kayaking and Raft building for families (http://www.balawatersports.com)
Fees; Fees of these activities are varies as shown below;
Water jets: £89 for 25min
Jet Skis: £90 per person
Raft building for families: £40
Full day kayaking: £80
Family Camp Craft: £20
Archery: £20
A conversation with some locals had us convinced that water sports were the solution to be
introduced as activity that would increase and improve tourism to Whitby and enjoinment for
locals. Based on this and our own visits to the site we would use Bala water sports services
to fund this idea for future development given the raise in the population density that strive
for this activity.
Coast; The coast of these equipment will not be that much as for the jet packs they cost around
£6,000 and the jet skis are about £5,000. The whole project could cost up to £500,000
including the movable decks. But there is always possibility that CDC could tender this to
other companies who are specialised in this field without spending any money and let the
companies do the job and brings in profits to Whitby.
Based on the advantages and disadvantages this proposal was a popular choice as shown
below in the table. A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
113
Table 19 Matrix Form
Commercial
development:
Water sport and jet pack
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment
For Locals
Create jobs for locals, and
brings money to Whitby 5
Training might be provided
from outside (temp) 0
Environmental No environmental effect
4
it may cause disruption to
the marine life (if there is
any) along the coast or river
Esk 1
Tourist
Attraction
Big time!! Since there is
none in Yorkshire and other
close area 5
None
0
Cost very cheap compare to any
other projects 4
Gears or Parts might need
to be imported 1
Traffic
Congestion
none
2
It could limit the activities
where ever it located (
coast, Esk river) 3
Social Aspect Brings joy to every one
(young people, Tourist,
locals) it’s a must try for
every one 4
maybe adults only
1
Architectural
Compatibility
none
5
Nice to see, even just
watching! 0
Parking Use park and ride 2 none 3
Risk We could overcome the risk
by training and better H&S
plan 1
not suitable for people who
doesn’t know how to swim
4
Construction
Time
only few weeks
4
none
1
Financial
Income
It’s a very good income for
Whitby, 4
none
1
Durability designed for both fresh and
salt water use with all
exposed metal pieces made
of either stainless steel or
hard coat anodized
aluminium with Teflon
coating to protect against
corrosion and abrasion, but 2
parts could be a bit
expensive due to potage
3
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
114
crushable if not used
accordingly
Accessibility easy 4 none 1
Benefit For
Locals
more jobs, good fun for
young’s and others to watch 4
none
1
Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 1 Safe if H&S rules followed 4
Effect on Local
Business
simply more tourism more
money for locals Business 4
none
1
Limited to
Seasonal
Possibility extend to few
month in the year 1
good in summer or dry time
4
Maintenance Gears need maintenance,
Bringing more jobs to Whitby
by employing other skills to
do the maintenance. 1
Gears needs maintenance,
cost more money
4
Multifunctional scooper diving , jet pack, fly
fish, parasailing, banana
boat, glass bottom boat, jet
ski, etc. 3
none
2
Ingenuity The whole thing is movable
from one location to another 5
none
0
Total 65 35
Summary; This proposal has potential because Whitby as a coastal town lacks of these type of
activities in particular and north Yorkshire in general, at the same time Whitby geographically
has all what these activities needs from the beach to river and hills and areas surround by
trees. It would attract more tourism to Whitby and helps the youngsters to stay in Whitby
along with creating more revenue to CDC.
A.M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
115
New Bridge Proposal (Khalid Al-Ahbabi)
Swing Bridge:
Currently there are only two bridges that cross the river Esk in Whitby, they are the Swing
Bridge and high level bridge.
One of the major difficulties that the residents of Whitby are facing is, dealing with the Swing
Bridge. A single lane carriageway across the river Esk and one very narrow footpath on each
side. It has been built in July 1909 (over 100 of years old) which makes it a heritage for the
local people. Recently the bridge has taken some damages, but not major ones. The cost is
about 60000 pounds annually for maintenance. The bridge situation is really bad and this is
mainly from the constant loads from the vehicles.
Problems caused by the swing bridge:
It costs around 60000 pounds annually for maintenance
The increase rate of an accident to the pedestrians using the bridge
Some of the tourist spill off the footpaths on the carriageway
The rate of accidents have increased due to the traffic on the bridge
The risk assessment done by Scarborough Borough council has reached
unacceptable high level
Problems facing the Swing Bridge:
K.A
Figure 100 Swing Bridge Group camera
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
116
Constant load from vehicles could cause sudden failure
The timber fender system cannot be relied upon
There might be some de-icing salt
Corrosion could affect the steel superstructure
Due to the paint there have been some pollution to river Esk
Site investigation: Due to the fact that the bridge has only one carriageway, means that only one single lane of
traffic flow is possible at one time. This causes a huge problem for businesses, locals and
tourists. Businesses cannot operate at optimum levels, delivery of products takes time to
reach and causes frustration, also single carriageway causes traffic congestion.
Thin narrow pavements do not help pedestrians at all, even the elderly and disabled people
are not safe to cross the bridge. Pedestrians walking along the roadway are a major breach
of the health and safety and are the main fundamental of road accidents that occur within
Whitby.
Regarding the bridge itself there were clear signs of corrosion on the bridge. This showed
that the need for a replacement or improvement was required as soon as possible, as delays
could cause further damage and possible failure of the bridge. Following research within
Whitby’s library, it was understood that in 1985, major refurbishment was carried out on the
bridge costing £400, 000. Repair work included replacing corroded steel, strengthening the
bridge, and applying long-lasting paint that prevents corrosion. Unfortunately the repair work
carried out in 1985 was clearly insufficient and only lasted a period of around 30 years, but
did solve short terms problems the bridge was facing.
Ever since, many issues have risen, the long-lasting paint has not had a positive effect and
has allowed for corrosion from tidal wives and rainfall. Constant attack from water and
oxygen has meant the paint has started falling off into the River Esk, which results in a
polluting the river that can produce germs and cause illnesses amongst the people and sea
life marine. De-icing salts are also a cause of corrosion to the bridge. Despite the
improvements already carried out, the swing bridge can be temperamental and cause faults,
which add up to the current maintenance costs of running the bridge. The bridge currently
has a timber-defense system that it blocks extreme tidal waves hitting the bridge at
maximum force, and also stops large stones. However, the timber defense is on its final
stages before failure and therefore is in a state of disrepair and must be disregarded in terms
of improvement.
Taking into consideration all the point above a final decision was taken to first introduce a
new single carriageway bascule bridge in Whitby town afterwards pedestrianizing the swing
bridge. This decision was taken because on behalf of resident of the town who disagree
totally with demolishing the bridge and the majority of them recommended this solution.
Conclusion:
First new bridge will be introduced in the location shown in the drawing section provided
below, which will provide one lane carriageway each side at the same time and pedestrian
crossing. After that the swing bridge will be refurbished due to the situation it’s in, also it will
be pedestrianized, chairs and lighting instrument will be installed. The swing bridge has to be
repainted and there will be no major maintenance and no further strengthening is required
due to the pedestrian have a maximum of load of 5kN/M2. The swing currently allows a
K.A
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
117
maximum weight of 7.5 tonnes which is more than sufficient for the pedestrians.
Figure 101 showing the maximum amount of weight Group camera
New Bridge:
Introducing a new bascule bridge behind endeavour wharf the connect the each of the
parking to a cross the river Esk to reach the parking area next to Captain Cook museum,
which does not require any purchasing land or any listed building in the town. The bridge is
one lane carriageway which is more efficient and productive traffic flow due to the request of
the client. The width of the lane is 3 meters and on both sides the will be a pedestrian cross
that has a width of 2 meters. A plastic fence will be added between the pavement with a
height of 1 meter and the road for decoration, also elderly will have a space for a grip while
K.A
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
118
they cross the bridge. In total the bridge width will be 7 meters in width and the length is 118
meters a cross the river. The picture below shows the location of the new bridge:
As you can see in this picture there is a very easy access road from the West side due to the
roundabout. An extra road with two lane carriageway is constructed to reach the bridge, just
before the bridge there will be a traffic light that allows the traffic to flow simultaneously,
which will help the supply of goods, resident and tourist to cross the river. On the East side
there is only a small space to reach the main road which is a parking facility that only needs
some adjustment so that it can be used as a road. This location has the minimum impact on
the residential properties due to they might live near the construction site. Also the location
has no significant disruption what so ever on the leisure and tourist facilities.
Materials:
Taking in to consideration the environment, weather condition and sustainability, these are
the main materials have been chosen to satisfy these three restrictions. They are:
Composite Steel
Mastic Asphalt
Concrete (from British Standard)
Paint (decoration)
Plastic fencing
Composite Steel:
Steel is the most sustainable construction bridge material, the basic raw material iron is the
most common of all the earth’s elements. It is an infinite resource as steel can be recycled
K.A
Figure 102 Location of the New Bridge
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
119
indefinitely without any loss of property or performance. It is easily can be shaped into the
required forms in constructing the bridge. It only has one weakness which the rust due to the
weather condition in Whitby and the river, but also it is solvable. This is issue can be solved
be covering the steel or increase the amount of oxygen in the steel. These are the main
shapes will be required and they are I shape beam, steel stirrup in size 10mm and steel bars
with different sizes.
The supports of the crossing are located at the ends of the bridge (east & west of the River
Esk), where again be having bearing shelves and bearings. The actual spans (decks) will be
composite (steel, concrete and asphalt), it will include universal beams (UB) of 914x305x289
kg/m, as the UB will cost less than girders as they don’t need to be made to a certain size for
example either a wider flange or a thicker web. There will be stiffeners situated at both ends
of the beams in order for the bracing to be connected.
Steel is the most recycled production material and selecting it for a bridge represents a
sustainable management of natural resources. 95% of structural steel either finds its way
back into the steel production process where it is used to create new steel products, or is
reused. There is no humiliation in using of recycled steel, but it shows that you care about
the environment and the wellbeing of the world. Regarding CO2 emission this table showing
the carbon foot print and energy used to produce Steel:
Table 20 carbon footprint (http:// www.steelconstruction.org/resources/sustainability/carbon-
footprints-structures.html#)
Plate Sections Tubes Hot-Dip
Galvanized
Purlins
& rails
CO2
(Tonnes per tonne of
steel)
0.919 0.762 0.857 1.35 1.10
Energy
(GJ per tonne of steel)
17.37 13.12 15.42 21.63 19.38
This table only shows the production phase of the composite steel, after producing it and
transferring the material to the construction site there will be no emission what so ever.it is
also proven that the life span of steel is about 100 years which satisfy the client requirement.
The steel composite will be produced in a way of prevent corrosion and rust, so that it does
not lose its durability.
Mastic Asphalt:
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Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
120
Mastic Asphalt is without question the toughest and most durable waterproof membrane
available to designers, it offers market leading longevity in excess of 80 years. Due to of its
characteristic strength and durability, it has been used on many high standard projects
throughout the UK particularly in situations where sustained traffic is common. The mastic
asphalt easily out performs all other types of waterproof road surfaces which are why it is
extensively used on bridges, mastic asphalt can be easily refurbished. Mastic Asphalt is so
durable over long periods that it is considered by construction professionals to have very low
impact on the environment. Reaching the finale years of the life span, mastic asphalt is
100% recyclable, making it the ideal environment friendly option. Mastic asphalt was the first
industry in the world to achieve the zero amount of carbon emission. It means that any
construction procedure receiving of mastic asphalt system will get a 100% CO2 neutral
solution. Mastic asphalt is proven as one of the most fire resistance materials used in
construction. In terms of noise pollution mastic asphalt produces the least amount of sound
noise sue to vehicles tires. In recent years the material has been reformulated to include
advanced polymers for increased durability, combining its traditional strengths with modern
technology. Not simply road material, it is used in various applications, including walkways
and roofs.
It is extremely resistant to all types of weather conditions and attacks from de-icing salt, tidal
waves and rain fall. Its durability is one of the few membranes able to handle consistent
heavy vehicular traffic, including from Heavy Goods Vehicles. It is also very easily repaired
when any damages occur.
Concrete:
K.A
Figure 103 Mastic Asphalt (http://www.berkshiremacadams.co.uk/sma.htm)
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
121
XF4 concrete has been proven the most suitable concrete for this situation, according to the
British standards it has been recognized best solution for a high water saturation area with
de-icing salt and sea water contact. This type of concrete is mainly used for the bridges that
are exposed to freezing and frequent splashing due to tidal wave including the de-icing salt.
Going back to the table A.5 from BS 8500-1:2006 which has very high durability and working
life of at least 100 years it shows that XF4 is not one of them therefore other type of concrete
must to choose to accomplish the client requirements.
The new type is XS1 which have cover surface of
35mm, water cement ratio of 35/45, and strength of 380
and 100 years life span. Using 20mm maximum
aggregate size and Portland cement with 21% to 35% fly
ash is going to be used to produce this type of concrete.
Then reinforced steel bars with size of 16 mm diameter
two at the top and three at the bottom of the concrete
pier and at the end a stirrup steel at the end and top of
the column to produce the most sustainable reinforced
concrete pier. This just a simple design given to the
client as an idea about how the reinforced concrete pier
will be designed, which should satisfy the needs of the
client.
Paint & Plastic Fencing:
When it comes to decoration the bridge have to look outstanding so that it pleases the eye
and does not stand out within Whitby town. The town has a historical infrastructure therefore
the paint should be relatively close to the colours used in Whitby. There is a company called
Leighs Paints which highly professional company the produces paint main for bridge. They
coated and paint the Forth Bridge in East of Scotland which is 9 miles long. It has been
proven that the paint will last at least 25 years on that project, but in terms the new bridge
that is only 118 meters long I think they will provide better life span. According to BCF
(British Coating Federation) this product will take into consideration environment, conserve
resources, economic viability and social responsibility. It will not affect the sea life in Whitby
including the flora and fauna. When it comes to the plastic fencing it’s only a decoration that
has pleasant effect on the pedestrians which also can be used as hand grip and preventing
children having access to roads.
K.A
Figure 104 Plan view of Piers
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Geology:
These are the data regarding the boreholes which is provided in the lecture notes from the
geology of Whitby. Three boreholes where selected which in is the nearest to the location of
the new bridge.
These data will show the depth of each layer of Whitby soil and what each layer contains.
These are the borehole tables below:
Table 21 Borehole
BH No. 111 GL -5.82 M AOD BH No. 112 GL -7.53 M
AOD
BH No. 103 GL 4.47M AOD
LEV
EL
THICKNE
SS
LEV
EL
THICKNE
SS
LEV
EL
THICKNE
SS
SOFT GREY /
BROWN
SILTY CLAY
WITH FINE
SUBANGULA
R GRAVEL
2.00M SOFT
BLACK
CLAYEY
SILT WITH
DECOMPO
SED PLANT
DEBRIES
AND WOOD
ALLUVIUM
2.10M TARMAC
LOOSE
GRAVEL WITH
SAND, BRICK
AND
SANDSTONE
0.15-
2.10M
SOFT TO
FIRM RED /
BROWN
SANDY CLAY
2.10M MEDIUM
SUBANGUL
AR TO
SUBROUN
DER GREY
BROWN
GRAVEL
WITH SAND
7.40M MEDIUM
BLACK / GREY
CLAYEY SAND
WITH
SUBANGULAR
GRAVEL AND
POCKETS OF
SANDY SILT
2.20M
MEDIUM
SUBANGULA
R TO
SUBROUNDE
R GREY
BROWN
GRAVEL
WITH SAND
AND
SANDSTONE
COBBLES
1.05M SAND AND
SUBANGUL
AR
3.150M BROWN
GREEN GREY
HIGHLY TO
MODERATELY
WEATHERED
SILTSTONE
VERY WEAK
1.00M
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
123
DARK GREY /
BROWN
WEATHERED
SILTSTONE
3.35M DARK
GREY
HIGHLY
WEATHER
ED
SILTSTONE
(VERY
WEAK)
0.25M
GREY TO
BLACK
THINLY
LAMINATED
MUDSTONE
HIGHLY
FOISSILIFER
OUS.
FRACTURE
SPACING
CLOSE TO
MODERATE
11.50M GERY TO
BLACK
THINY
LAMINATE
D
MUDSTON
E HIGHLT
FOSSILIFO
US
10.30M
Regarding the data provided above the foundation depth of the new bridge can installed
using the depth of the area. Also the table shows which part of the soil is strong which
means doesn’t heavy support beams and which area is weak and need heavy supported
foundation.
Archaeologist will be needed to check that the ground which will be construct upon doesn’t
have historical items in the soil, and after the approval from them the construction process
will began.
Method statement for constructing the new bridge:
The method statement is important for any type of construction project in the world. It takes
in to account the phases, activity, Equipment, manpower and location. The method
statement informs the client the working process methodology of construction and eliminates
hazards, ensures finest health and safety and encourages minimum impact on the
environment. The method statement must be approved in advance prior to construction. The
bascule bridge will have a span of 118m, a width of 14m (includes one carriageway and
pathway on either side), with a height up till the deck of 3.5m AOD.
Table 22 Method Statement
Phase Task manpower Methodology Equipment Materials location
0 1.Set up a location
for establishment
Mainly
labours
All workers
must have IVJ,
hard top boots
Basic
construction
materials,
Metal, wood
for the
Endeavour
wharf
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Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
124
2. prepare the
location for basic
material
3. set up a
parameter around
the workplace (both
sides of the river
Esk)
and hard top
caps
hammers nails,
forklifts and
bulldozers
parameters
ropes cabins
1 1.site investigating
2. Archaeologist
looking for any
historical items
Geologist
and
archaeologi
st
Sub-contractor GPS,
measuring
tools, shovel
and specific
items
N/A River Esk
2 Excavation
And Cover Dam
Mainly
Labours
Digging the
extra soil and
flatting the area
Drill, shovel,
bulldozers and
excavators
N/A River Esk
3 Installing the piles Labours
and Crain
operator
Forcing the
piles through
the soil
Crane and
drilling
equipment
Steel piles River Esk
4 Pouring the
foundation cap piles
Specialist in
concrete
mixing and
labours
Using the
trucks the
concrete is
poured over the
allocated area
Mixing truck
and
compressor
Concrete River Esk
5 Installing the
reinforced steel
bars
labours Using the wood
frames the steel
bars and
stirrups will be
installed
Measuring
tools and
wilding
equipment
Steel bars
and wooden
frames
River Esk
6 Adding the concrete
on the reinforced
steel bars
Specialist in
concrete
mixing and
labours
Using the
trucks the
concrete is
poured over the
allocated area
Mixing truck
and
compressor
Concrete River Esk
7 The superstructure
steel in installed
Specialist in
steel
superstructu
re and
labours
Using the crane
to left the steel
and the labour
will use the
bolts to connect
them together
Bolts, basic
tools and crane
Steel frames Across the
river Esk
8 Installing the beams labours Using the crane
to left the steel
beams and the
labour will use
the bolts to
Bolts, basic
tools and crane
Steel beams Across the
river Esk
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
125
connect them
together
9 The counterweight
is installed
Mechanical
engineer
and
Labours
Using the crane
to left the
counterweights
Crane and
fitting tools
Concrete
weights
In the
middle of
the bridge
10 Mastic Asphalt is
poured
Paver
operator
and road
roller
First using the
paver to pour
the asphalt on
the allocated
area then
comes the roller
to make sure
there is no gaps
or voids on the
roads
Paver and road
roller
Mastic
asphalt
Over the
hole bridge
11 Painting the bridge Specialist in
painting and
labor
Paint the
asphalt and
painting the
bridge for
decoration
paint Paint and
water
The bridge
Risk Assessment form:
Table 23 Risk Assessment Sheet
BRADFORD UNIVERSITY Building a Bridge
RISK ASSESSMENT SHEET Group 1 Team 2
DATE: 16/11/2014
By: Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Activity Hazard People at
risk
Risk
rating
Control measures or comments Risk
rating
Result
(Green,
Amber,
Red)
S L R S L R
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Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
126
Working
at height
Falling off
Crane
operator,
slingers and
other workers
4 4 16
Stop the work, three points of
contact must be maintained and
footed using under short duration.
Safety harness must be worn at
all time and hooked on lorry
mounted crane. The safety
harness MUST have a valid
certificate
3 2 6 Green
Soil
unstable
bridge could
collapse
workers on
site, visitors
and people
from the
public
5 5 25 soil must be compressed,
foundation should be introduced 3 2 6 Green
Crane
Lifting
Hits over
obstacles
Over turning
Crane
operator,
banksman
and workers
on site
4 5 20
the lifting operator should be
trained and competent in using
the lifting accessories, he/she
should check if there are any
obstacles
1 3 3 Green
Welding Cause fire labours 4 3 12
Any welding should be near to a
fire extinguisher 2 3 6 Green
Weather
condition
The crane
could
collapse,
flooding
damage work
place
workers on
site, visitors
and people
from the
public
5 5 25
Check if there is a storm going to
happen, the wind should not have
high speed.
3 5 15 Red
Failure of
materials
Some
materials may
fail
workers
visitors and
cleaners
5 4 20
Scheduled check from a
professional, also he would have
to test them if they might fail in
the lab and check if there is some
corrosion or rust.
2 5 10 Amber
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Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
127
Gantt chart:
Figure 105 Graph for Gantt chart
Thu
rsd
ay, O
cto
ber
1, 2
01
5Su
nd
ay, O
cto
ber
11
, 20
15
We
dn
esd
ay, O
cto
be
r 2
1, 2
01
5Sa
turd
ay, O
cto
be
r 3
1, 2
01
5Tu
esd
ay, N
ove
mb
er 1
0, 2
01
5Fr
iday
, No
vem
ber
20
, 20
15
Mo
nd
ay, N
ove
mb
er
30
, 20
15
Thu
rsd
ay, D
ece
mb
er 1
0, 2
01
5Su
nd
ay, D
ece
mb
er 2
0, 2
01
5W
ed
ne
sday
, Dec
em
be
r 3
0, 2
01
5Sa
turd
ay, J
anu
ary
9, 2
01
6Tu
esd
ay, J
anu
ary
19
, 20
16
Frid
ay, J
anu
ary
29
, 20
16
Mo
nd
ay, F
eb
ruar
y 8
, 20
16
Thu
rsd
ay, F
eb
ruar
y 1
8, 2
01
6Su
nd
ay, F
eb
ruar
y 2
8, 2
01
6W
ed
ne
sday
, Mar
ch 9
, 20
16
Satu
rday
, Mar
ch 1
9, 2
01
6Tu
esd
ay, M
arch
29
, 20
16
Frid
ay, A
pri
l 8, 2
01
6M
on
day
, Ap
ril 1
8, 2
01
6Th
urs
day
, Ap
ril 2
8, 2
01
6Su
nd
ay, M
ay 8
, 20
16
We
dn
esd
ay, M
ay 1
8, 2
01
6Sa
turd
ay, M
ay 2
8, 2
01
6Tu
esd
ay, J
un
e 7
, 20
16
Frid
ay, J
un
e 1
7, 2
01
6M
on
day
, Ju
ne
27
, 20
16
Thu
rsd
ay, J
uly
7, 2
01
6Su
nd
ay, J
uly
17
, 20
16
We
dn
esd
ay, J
uly
27
, 20
16
Set up a location for establishment
Prepare the location for Basic…
Site investigation
excavation
installing the piles
Pouring the foundation Cap on top…
Installing the reinforced steel bars
Adding the concrete on the…
Staircase for the maintanence
The superstructure steel
Installing the beams
Counterweight
layer under Asphalt of concrete…
Adding The Mastic Asphalt
Painting the Bridge
Testing the Bridge
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Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
128
Matrix Form:
Commercial development:
Pedestrianizing the Swing Bridge and
building a new bridge Table of Matrix (7)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For Locals
the construction will improve the employment in Whitby 4
There will be some expert workers from the construction company from outside of Whitby 1
Environmental Pedestrianizing the Swing will
reduce the CO2 emission 4
Constructing a new bridge will have an effect
on the environment 1
Tourist Attractions Tourist attraction will rise 3
No vehicles to bother them 2
Cost major investment 0 will affect the council 5
Traffic Congestion The flow of traffic will be smooth 4
Traffic will get faster in Whitby 1
Social Aspect
Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge will not be
demolished 3 It might affect Whitby
historic landscape 2
Architectural Compatibility
due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it will not stand out in
Whitby 3
building the new bridge for vehicles may on fit
well 2
Parking There are some parking area in
the town 1
The new bridge will use some of the parking
space inside the town 4
Risk Less risk for the people how dive the vehicles and the pedestrians 4
There might be some risk in building the bridge 1
Construction Time It might take some time 1 long time to construct 4
Financial Income there is no income to construct a
new bridge 0 there is no income to
construct a new bridge 5
Durability Building a new bridge is durable 4 Might face major weather condition 1
Accessibility Easy access 4 1
Benefit For Locals
Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge will not be
demolished 3 It might affect Whitby
historic landscape 2
Safety of User Safer for the people how dive the
vehicles and the pedestrians 4 There might be some
accidents on the bridge 1
Effect on Local Business
due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it might affect some local
business 4
due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it might
affect some local business 1
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Limited to Seasonal
The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 5
The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 0
Maintenance Maintenance should be every 10
years 1 Maintenance should be
every 10 years 4
Multifunctional pedestrians, boats and vehicles
can use it 3 Not Multifunctional 2
Ingenuity As a proposal I think this is the
best solution 4 there is a chance of
mistakes in construction 1
Total 59 41
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Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Flood Risk: All bridges have to be flood resistance these is one of the major difficulties very bridge
facing. All materials have been chosen are waterproofed and they are designed in a
sustainable way that allow the water ether from rain or from the river falls back into the
drainage system. This is due to on the bridge there are small metal pieces from cars and oil
drops from the vehicles that could cause damage to the sea life in the river. Therefore the
bridge will satisfy the requirement of the client, but the might be a weather disaster that
might affect the bridge fold system.
Transportation of materials:
When it comes to constructing a bridge, most of the materials must be ordered in phase to
achieve the maximum work efficiency. This is due to the limited area availability on the
construction site. Also some materials will get damage if they are exposed to the weather,
therefore they will be ordered into parts as the bridge being built.
Due to the construction site is next to river some materials will be supplied using the river,
due to reduce the CO2 emission by the supply trucks and reduce the congestion in the town
of Whitby. If there are materials or equipment delivered by trucks, the truck should filed with
material not leave space this is prevent the truck from going and coming back. Also it will
reduce the cost of transportation if achieve the optimum work efficiency. In case of the
mastic asphalt major projects material is usually taken to site by hot charge tankers direct
from the manufacturer and taken to the point where it is needed for rapid installation - a
major advantage for contracts with critical time constraints. For smaller projects solid blocks
are preheated in boilers placed at ground level. At no time is there any type of naked flame
at the point of installation and because mastic asphalt is so highly flame resistant, there is
little or no potential of fire risk.
Prices and costs: Cost of the materials is always related to the demand of the product, as the demand
increase the price of the product will increase. Therefore we have to be careful when
ordering the materials and equipment for construction. All the material is ordered in bulk to
achieve the minimum amount of cost, so that the client saves money. The construction
duration is
The worker minimum wage is 8 £
Worker per 1 hour = 8 £
Per 8 hours = 64
Matter price per day quantity total cost how many days
required
Total cost
Worker £64.00 50 £3,200.00 273 £873,600.00
Crane rental £250.00 2 £500.00 100 £50,000.00
Road roller rental £202.00 1 £202.00 5 £1,010.00
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total £924,610.00
Matter price per tonne quantity total cost
Steel £440.00 1000 £440,000.00
Cement £160.00 40 £6,400.00
Aggregate £40.00 40 £1,600.00
Mastic Asphalt £40,000.00 20 £800,000.00
Total £1,248,000.00
All specialist and engineers cost will be £200,000.00
Transportation cost in total £100,000.00
The total cost of the project is = £2,472,610.00
Budge is needed from the client = £2,750,000.00
The demand of an extra budge from the client is to be on the safe side because mostly all
materials price change within time, therefore this is just a backup amount of the money so
that the project can be for filed.
Maintenance:
To allowing pedestrian and drivers using the bridge it has to be tested, this procedure is for
the safety of the users. There might be some bolt messing, or bending which is occurring or
the weight of the bridge is not distrusted well. So testing the bridge will allow us the chance
to fix them.
As the construction of the bridge finishes there will have to be some schedule maintenance
due to checking every member of the beams, columns, counterweights and piles are working
how they supposed to work. Therefore the schedule check will improve the effectiveness of
the bridge, also will prevent any failures in the bridge.
After that the maintenance check will fade away as the bridge will function to the optimum
level satisfying the needs of the client. Then every 10 years maintenance check will be
required to make sure that the functionality of well and its doing fine.
Drawing: Please have a look at the appendix at the end
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Figure () top view
These are a small sample of the actual drawing, in this part the drawings will be explained
showing the client an image of what the real design would be. In the picture above it shows
the location of the new river crossing which connects East side and West side of the town of
Whitby. The bridge is located just behind Endeavor Wharf and Captain Cook museum as
mention previously. A road block will be installed to prevent any cars accessing the swing
bridge, this road block will allow only supply trucks on the East side of Whitby the block will
be located just behind the new bridge this is because to prevent divers from rest of Church
street. It will reduce the congestion in the area, the road will be a dead end and the
pedestrian will feel safer. On the west side the road block will be just before the swing bridge
this is mainly due to St Ann’s Straith and Baxtergate Streets which are connected to New
Quay Road.
Recommendation:
This is a detailed proposal that allows the client to have better viewing point to the situation,
this is considered as short term recommendation which will solve the problem of river
crossing and improving the swing bridge. I would recommend that the project will start after
the tourist season this due to the amount of noise pollution that the project will produce also
it is not sight pleasing. Therefore I would recommend the project to start around the first of
October which will take 273 days and should end around first of June.
As long term recommendation I would suggest that the town of Whitby prevents normal truck
using the new bridge which will reduce the amount of truck in the town and build a new forth
bridge behind the high level bridge crossing the river Esk. This is a recommendation will be
suggested in the year of 2070, it will reduce the amount of vehicles in the town and will allow
the drivers to have a third access rout in the area.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (Alan Majeed) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a procedure of assessing the likely
environmental impacts of a proposed development, taking into account inter-related socio-
economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse
United Nations Environment Programme UNEP defines “Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) as a tool used to identify the environmental, social and economic
impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It aims to predict environmental
impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to
reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the
predictions and options to decision-makers. By using EIA both environmental and
economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and time of project
implementation and design, avoided treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws
and regulations.’’
Throughout the construction of the Commercial development and the New Bridge, potential
effects to the environment are predicted. By expecting these impacts it lets our team to
minimise these impacts. The proposed environmental impacts associated with the
Commercial development and the new bridge are listed below beside with the plan of
preventions team two will take;
Safety signs for and Pedestrian’s Walkway; For safety reason and ease of use for road and footpath users, clear safety signs need to be
placed in order to minimise congestion for the motorists and pedestrians also create a safe
environment. The way to approach this, we’ve decided that we would follow the HSE new
regulations for signs and safety measurements which are required according to site
conditions.
Access to bring materials; Both proposed sites (the bridge and the multi-functional building) are in town centre and
therefore attention need to be paid on how to deliver the material to the sites without
disrupting the local business and minimise the traffic congestion. To solve this, the materials
will be transported via Whitby’s roadways if the materials are local, otherwise anything that
need to be brought in from other locations, will be transported via the river or the sea if
possible, since both of our projects are on the River Esk. The time of deliveries need to be
adjusted so it won’t affect the tourism.
Materials Storage on construction phase; Storage facilities for machinery and materials must be located in the right location on site
during the stages of construction. If any materials needed they should be delivered one
week in advance to save time and space. This lets the construction process to be continues
without any suspensions or disturbances and to keep the equipment safe and out of the way
of the workers. Safe and separate location must be provided for hazardous materials and
clearly labelled hazards signs.
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Visual Disorder; Whitby is a tourist attraction it could be affected by visual disorder significantly more than an
average town during the construction of the bridge and the building. The presence of
construction materials such as cranes might cause visual discomfort, to overcome this issue
construction has to be avoided during the tourism peak season.
Reducing noise and vibration, Although residents will experience an increased levels of noise during construction, the
proposed daytime limit of 64dB (A) (LAeq) will not create that much of a problem, since most
of the materials are pre-fabricated the only noise that will occur will be during installation and
pilling, but vibrations and noise could always cause troubles to the public and also can cause
injuries to workforces. The vibratory hammer that used on the sheet piles during construction
of the bridge, is an oscillating weight to drive the sheet pile, will create a significant amount of
noise in order to mitigate this, rules has to fulfilled generally with BS 5228;
1. The following Permissible Noise levels as advised by the Environmental Health
department shall not be exceeded in occupied parts of the building or in adjacent
residential areas.: 08.00 to 19.00 hours - L (eq) 70, L max 85
2. Any operations which may breach the above levels shall only be carried out with the prior
agreement of the Environmental Health Officer and the Client.
3. Fit compressors, percussion tools and vehicles with effective silencers of a type
recommended by manufactures of the compressors, tools or vehicles.
4. Do not use pneumatic drills and other noisy appliances without consent of the CA
5. Altering the kind of equipment used to transfer the same task which produces lower noise
and vibration level
6. Upkeep of working equipment, by keeping tools sharp, worn out parts are changed,
carrying out checks and adjustments of machines. Also workers should not be exposed to
the noise for a long time. Protection should be given to workers such as ear plugs or ear
cup. Signs must be put up to protect public and on site workforces.
Air Pollution; Construction activities can result in dust, to prevent the pollution control dust through fine
water sprays used to dampen down the site and screen the whole site to stop dust
spreading, or alternatively, place fine mesh screening close to the dust source. Also Cover
skips and trucks loaded with construction materials and continually damp down with low
levels of water. We use low sulphur diesel oil in all vehicle and equipment engines, and
incorporate the latest specifications of particulate filters and catalytic converters and finally
no burning of materials on site.
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Storm Water; During the construction of the bridge, stormy weather and the river swelling up and the
increased velocity of the water is a problem, at the time that the river Esk is shallow water
the frame of the cofferdam will be constructed in place by workers, once the frame is
completed the sheet piles will be installed around the frame this will be done using vibratory
hammer, this will help to reduce the impact on environment.
Local Ecology During the construction of the piers the cofferdams have to be put in place to allow for a
relatively dry working environment this may result in affecting the environmental system or
natural processes in its steady state, the aquatic ecology may be affected, this resulted to
the consultation of an ecologist and hydrologist. There results assured us that the aquatic
ecology will not be affected on the long term.
Archaeological Resources Although both location of the bridge and the multi-functional building are not located on the
archaeological sites, but any replacement or improvement of the archaeological evaluation
and subsequent mitigation strategy will have to be done with the approving of the
archaeology officer of Scarborough Council.
Waste; The occurrence of waste during construction stage is inevitable, to protect the environment
separate skips need to be located on site for different types of wastes, anything can be
recycled or reused has to be put away accordingly.
Other measures that we take into account; We make sure to cover piles of building materials like cement, sand and other powders,
regularly inspect for spillages, and locate them where they will not be washed into
waterways or drainage areas and not use any toxic paints, solvents and other hazardous
materials on both the swing and new bridge or wherever possible.
To protect the flora and fauna, we segregate, tightly cover and monitor toxic substances to
prevent spills, possible water and site contamination. At all-time needs to cover up and
protect all drains on site and collect any wastewater generated from site activities in
settlement tanks, screen, discharge the clean water, and dispose of remaining sludge
according to environmental regulations.
Summary Both detailed proposals offer the best environmental result to the traffic congestion problem
and the tourism in Whitby for over a period; It also represents the chance for visitors to go
from the west side to the east side, the area that has suffered for many years economically
due to lack of visitors. Constructing a new bridge will improve the safety of pedestrians
crossing the River Esk through the swing bridge as this will no longer be open to vehicles
and will reduce congestion in the town as a whole. Also the multi-functional building creates
more revenue for CDC and a space for locals where they could get many benefit from and
for tourists to enjoy. Environmental impact on both the aquatic and ecosystems is expected
to be minimal. A.M
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Pontoon/Marina & Boat Storage (Sabah Anwar Hamagereb)
FLOODS Flood is defined as an overflow of water that submerges lands which are usually dry, cause
live threading, property damage and effecting economy in that area. The aim of flood risk
assessment is to save lives and protect properties and lands.
There are many areas that need to be invested from harbour to Church street, the land
surrounding the Harbour area is most exposed to effects of flooding. Whitby is an extremely
exposed site. High sea levels combined with high winds often causes flooding in the town
due to the sea defence piers being breached. Climate change will influence the coastal
floods, river floods and extreme rainfall, therefore more accurate designs are require.
Planning The local planning authorities It is recommended by the PPG25 (Planning Policy Guidance
25), should adopt for development and flood risk to ensure safety of Whitby resident from
this disaster in happening. To achieve this goal, planning should be done in zone with
reference to the below table:
Table 24 flood risk zone (Planning Policy Guidance 25)
Figure 106 Figure (), image of Whitby’s flood,(www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk)
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Cause of flood The most flood factors in coastal cities are by extreme weather condition, such unusual rain
fall like storms and ditches to overflow like waves. A river or beach side would over flow
allowing water to go inland and damage many things, the water exceed the capacity of river.
The natural and manmade flood defences can handle the excess in water from the surge
and overtopping takes place cause flood around the river over the land.
Whitby’s flood history According to Whitby’s history’s review has had many tidal floods in the past the last vast one
occurred in 1983, most major area affected from Church Street, Pier Road to New Quays
Road, the over flow of sea water was pushing huge amount of water to the harbour, the river
Esk bank area was cover by half meter of flood water, many businesses and shops were
flooded. Many homes door and windows were replenished by sandbags to avoid water
access.
Figure 107Multiple Shipwreck by West Pier in 1880,Khyber Pass, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO21, UK/1880
Vulnerable are in Whitby; Flood risk areas with an unacceptable risk of flooding are any area with elevations lower
than the standard protection level which is 4.80mAOD. The area within this risk is: southern
part of Church street, New Quay Road, Victoria Square, Endeavour Wharf and the car parks
next to Langhorne road, station and Co-operative supermarket. Some East Side riverside
property on either side of the Fish Pier, at the southern end of Grape Lane and around Spital
Bridge would also be flooded.
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Figure 108Flood risk area(Google map)
The expected sea-level rise associate with climate change will result in an increase in the
probability of flooding, Floods period are expected to occur every 50yrs, so the next major
flood is expected to happen around 2030 because the last major one was in(1983), with
more risk and affect.
Solution for Whitby’s flood;
Flood risk can solve and improve by different method;
Flood monitoring and predict method
The Environment Agency in Whitby are carrying these process by reading the entries water
level and predict the environment effect to flood in river Esk, monitoring by detector of flood
in venerable area.
Emergency evacuation plan
This plan will operate in the case of severe flooding case, to save properties and human life
by bringing all people inland and routes certain areas to achieve the most effective escape.
Flood Diversion
Provide and find a natural escape route for flood flow, to allowing extra flow water discharge
to reducing flooding level into a safe place.
Extend the main pontoon in West side;
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Figure 109 image of West Side pontoon (group camera)
The aim is to provide more boats parking at main pontoon in West side; the mooring facility is dredged to about 1.5m below C.D, according to Scarborough investigation. The rapid siltation following strong river flows at extreme weather; boats must be able of taking the ground in a soft river bottom,
Conclusion;
The analysis of design matrix indicates that unextend exist pontoon in the upper harbour
area is the most viable solution with a higher score rating advantage for pontoon improving.
From the site investigation it has been known that during different season the boats and
yachts have to be moved from the lower harbour to the upper harbour because there is no
alternative viable solution to extend pontoon in the lower harbour zone, so extending the
existing pontoon in that particular location improves mooring facility.
Construct the Boats storage in West side;
The facilities at the new construct storages are used to store and services of boats purpose;
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Figure 110 image of West Side pontoon, proposed location of new boats storage (Google Map)
Planning bar chart;
Figure 111 planning bar chart for Extend West Side pontoon
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Planning Process
Clear Land for Development
Excavat and Dredge the site
Driven piles
Drive the floating materials
Anochring the Cranes and sites manuoevurings
Construct mooring base
joint floating part
Floor Slab to begin berth platform
Bolting platform to columns
joints the platform to column
formworks and Cladding
Pontoon Extend
Start Date Duration (days)
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Dredging Mud area and Siltation The proposed location is in the mud area of the river site need dredging undertaken to
provide a sufficient deep basin and a deep foundation to construct the berth for boats; the
dredging materials can be used for reclamation or if silt is can be disposal in sea. Siltation in
river Esk is a serious problem especially during heavy flow waves from river side. If our
extension is carefully sited, siltation reduces to a minimum, also frequent maintenance
dredging requires.
Figure 112 image of dredging process (wmplanthire.co.uk/excavator)
Foundation in the river; Deep pile foundation required in mud area to build pontoon, pile can be made of;
Timber
Steel
Reinforced concrete
Precast concrete
Piles are required to hold the floating pontoon to keep stable during the flood or strong waves, piles can drive into the ground by pile driver, wooden piles are made from the trunks of tall trees, concrete piles are available in square, octagonal, and round cross-sections, they are reinforced with rebar, steel piles are either pipe piles or some sort of beam section (like I and H pile).
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Figure 113 image of driven pile process (gerkegroupen.blogspot.co.uk)
Materials use; Different materials have been used to construct pontoon; laminate timber, concrete,
Aluminium, steel and plastic, timbers are the most used, because of price and environment
impact, also timber deck use with plastic drum in pontoon, but is not recommend as regular
maintainers are required. The materials for the extend pontoon have been considered to
maintain the image for Whitby with it architecture features which would provide a safe and
secure welcoming to travellers travelling by vehicle, boats and yachts in harbour area.
Selected materials should be environment friendly and sustainable to reduce cost and
maintenance, as we know that river Esk water is salty and aggressive to normal materials
made, concrete use to be resistant to sulphate attack and galvanise steel are most suitable
to our project.
Figure 114 section of floating roof (gal8.piclab.us/key/double S.A.H
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Sustainability The design of the extend pontoon is similar to existed one in west side pontoon to keep the
marine heritage of Whitby as it’s, the materials used are mostly recyclable from timber,
steel, Aluminium and plastic drum, also the concrete piles are resistant to the salty water it
means can resist sulphate attack. Small solar panels are used for lighting purpose, during
night time.
Figure: (), solar panel lighting, (www.actionha.net/articles)
Flood risk Flood risk in harbour area is a main issue for most of new development and project; need to
be considering minimizing the effect and damage to properties and facilities near to the Esk
River. According to Scarborough council site investigation has been noted that the flood risk
is increased largely in last few decade, to reduce flood effect we proposal a floating mooring
to manage situation during high waves and flooding.
The local planning authorities It is recommended by the PPG25 (Planning Policy Guidance
25), should adopt for development and flood risk to ensure safety of Whitby resident from
this disaster in happening. The chosen location is in flood zone (3), it means high risk area,
the river risk above 1%, and tidal & costal greater than 0.5%, as shown in the figure;
Table 25 Flood Risk&Flood Zone
Layout and structure; The form and structure of the extension will be same as to the current pontoon because of
Whitby history and architecture features required, the extension to the pontoon will consist of
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the mooring in the North East side. The mooring having the usage of parking the large ship
and yacht, according to the proposed plan to construct a new building for small and medium
boats, it will be a world class tourist’s attraction with the history it has which can be found
from the site investigation in harbour area.
The extension to the pontoon will be economically sustainable and environmental friendly.
The extension will take into account with the facilities used in the current main pontoon, as
shown in the attached file drawing.
Pontoon design; To create a suitable platform on floating jetty for walking purpose from boats to land and
other way around, floating pontoon width is should be more than 2m, when the length is
about 100m the land end should increase to more than 2.5m, if over 200m should be more
than 3m, also the design live load is 150 kg/m^2. For our extend design in the main pontoon
in east side of existing pontoon the berth width channel should be between 2m-3m and the
length of 100m according to the size of boats and yacht that park over there. See attached
drawing for floor plan and side elevation:
Figure 115 image sample of berth design (www.seattlepi.com)
Coast of Extension; Marine works are required big budget, project coast need to be considered during planning
stage to know and estimate different phase of the project. Materials, labour and hire tools for
constructions are depend on the demand and capability in the market.
Project duration is 180 days;
Labour coast £120,000
Crane rental for pile drive and building for 90 days, £27,000
Materials for pontoon;
Wood, Aluminium and plastic; £250,000
Dredging process; £250,000
Piles and concrete, £50,000
Transportation, £80,000
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Planning and management; £120,000
Other coast, £50,000
Total = £950,000
Budge = £1,250,000
Each boats space coast around £5000-£5600, if we build 200 parking place we need around
£1,250,000, plus regular maintains for mooring and boats service.
Boats storage; Whitby’s marine facilities demand were increased more than triple in last three decade,
according to number of tourist and boats in harbour area, the new and alternative solution
require to provide local and tourist demand. Marina facilities in harbour area are quite difficult
to build new pontoon and more berth to park boats in Esk River. Construct the boats storage
is one of the most successful solution in developed country in marina field such as Spain,
France and USA, they use storage boats to create more space to park yacht and big boats
in the river by store few hundred small boats in a boats storage in a safe place, because the
cost of providing berth for small craft is much higher than yacht and big boats. The storage
for boats 6m to 15m length it can be on the shelf during different season, which is required
less space if we compare with parking in the berth.
While dry stack storage facilities are relatively new to the East Coast of UK, they are one of
the fastest growing trends in boat storage, space is the biggest issues in Whitby harbour, a
marina can significantly increase the number of boats stored without significantly increasing
the space used and therefore increase revenues. Some advantages to the boat owners
include possible lower cost than traditional wet dockage, security, protection from the
elements, etc.
Figure 116 image of Boats Storage (www.northwestmarinas.com/en/marinaseca/indoor-storage)
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Project location is in upper harbour in West cliff next to Endeavour Wharf as shown in the
figure below, the benefit of that place is close to the river to lift the boats from the river by
fork left and put on the shelves inside boats storage, also the provide place is unequipped by
any building.
Figure 117 Purposed location for new Boats Storage (Google map)
Figure 118 image of West Side pontoon, proposed location of new boats storage (Google Map)
Advantage
Protection the boats elements from damage,
UV damage to gel coat and tubes,
Rain freezing and frost damage
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Marine growth damage
less wear and tear during element covering
Reduced maintenance for
Painting
Antifoul
Repairs easier to accomplish
Better performance/fuel economy without any marine growth
Safe and secure
Less depreciation
keeps the boat in better shape
Less maintenance / wear and tear on trailer
Easy service
Fuel
Part exchange
Environmentally friendly - Boat storage helps reduce the amount of contact time between pesticide-containing bottom paints and the water.
Materials Use; The building regulation policy in Whitby is required meet aesthetic appearance of the town
history. The materials used for the boats storage have been considered as a team to
maintain the image for Whitby with it architecture features which would provide a safe and
secure welcoming to travellers travelling by vehicle, boats and yachts. The main materials
use storage constructions are concrete reinforced for foundation and floor slab that resist
salty water environment, steel column, steel shelf beam, sheet metal steel, high level glass
for the roof and timber clamp. All of which will be dominant materials to provide a memorable
and enduring image of the town in addition the material will blend in to the marina.
Planning Bar chart; S.A.H
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Figure 119 planning bar chart for construct new Boats Storage
Layout & structure; The form and structure of the construct storage will be same as to the current marina
because of Whitby history and architecture features. The project building will be rectangular
sheet metal steel structures with on either side with an aisle in the centre for forklift access.
Racks can be either free-standing or building supported. Boats storage can design to store
different boats size from small, medium to large size. The boats storage will consist of only
one high floor because of height in harbour area is restricted; the storage level is two levels
high. The profiles of boats and the height of the fork lift will determine how many levels of
boats will be stored. The bay spaces are generally can be in three different forms;
Double wide; this form is used to store two boats per shelf level, for those boats that beam
with are greater than 2.7m. Triple width; Is used to store three boats per shelf level, Triple
wide bays up to 9m will accommodate boats that have a 0m-2.7m to 1.8m-2.7m beam width.
Combination of double and triple wide; are used to store those boats that beam width over
0m-3m wide, our recommends that double wide bays be utilized. Generally a combination of
double wide and triple wide bays will maximize the cubic volume of boat storage. See
attached drawing of floor planning and side elevation:
Typical dimensions of a dry storage rack; The dimensions will vary according to the size and type of boats that are being stored. In our
project we construct one floor of 10m height, 42m width and 190m length, to store boats on
two levels ground and top level, also 9m in width and 4.5m in depth. The 4.5m in depth is
more than sufficient to support boats up to 9m in length. The top shelf height should be
60cm, lower than the maximum lift height of the forklift truck. This allows enough room for
Planning Scope
Clear Land for Development
Excavate to 25m depth
Bored or Driven piles
Reinforcements added to piles and Slab
Slab of concrete to piles
Basement Pillars and columns
Geogrids and Earth refill
Floor Slab to begin ground floor
Columns and Core Areas construction
Anochring the Cranes and sites manuoevurings
Joints to the main floor slab
Bolting Plates to columns and beams
Erections of scaffolding
Formworks and Cladding
Roof fittings
Inspection
9/15/2014
10/11/2014
10/16/2014
10/27/2014
11/4/2014
11/10/2014
11/26/2014
1/5/2015
1/13/2015
2/28/2015
4/5/2015
4/15/2015
4/21/2015
4/28/2015
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5/25/2015
6/10/2015
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Boats Storage
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the boat to clear the timber bunk board supports. The height is usually determined by the
size of fork lift used to access boats.
Aisles size in the storage is depend on boat sizes and forklift sizes, most aisles require at
least 18m clearance. This width will comfortably handle boats with an overall length of up to
9m. For boats up to 10.7m length aisle clearance will be 20m. Boat lengths greater than
10.7m should utilize an aisle up to 21m, and so on in case of greater size. Racks can
be purchased as a single standalone bay unit or multiple bay structures. Additional bays can
be easily added on to overtime as the demand for dry storage increases, in long term plan.
Figure 120 image drawing of inside boats storage, (www.sprinklermatic.net/pictures/Boat-Storage)
Most of materials used for rack system in boats storages are under attack of the salt water
environment risk. Materials such as shelf beams, timber clamps and ground stands need to
be galvanized to reduce risk and increase the durability. The additional cost associated with
galvanizing a rack system is a worthwhile investment and will extend the life for many years.
Racks can also be spray painted with high quality paint in a range of selected colours
especially for steels.
The aisle slab must be design to carry the load of forklift and boats in same time during
storage process, slabs need to be reinforced to increase the capability of compression and
tension of the concrete. The minimum concrete thickness required of 20cm thick structural,
but for larger boats the thicker slabs are required, from 25cm to 40cm thick. It is not
uncommon to build pile supported structural concrete slabs in areas where the soil
conditions are poor. Underestimating the wear & tear on the slab could result in replacing it
in the future will increase the coast of maintenance and almost impossible when your dry
stack building is full of boats especially during tourist season.
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Storage process;
The customer's boats will lift from the river by special fork lift mover to inside boats storage to keep on the rack on the shelf, before storing the boats are clean by fresh water to remove all kind of salty water and flora and fauna, in a dry condition. Inside the boats storage all engineering service, valeting and refuel available are according to customer’s requirement, to reduce coast and time for repairs and other marine service.
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Figure 121, casting of concrete slabs and foundation of boats storage,(pubs.ext.vt.edu &cogriasia.com/cold-store-floors)
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Figure 122 Boats storage process, (http://www.bembridgeboatstorage.co.uk/)
Removing small and medium boats from the river, increase extra space for yacht and bigger
ship to park in a berth easily for many more tourist visitors by boats especially during tourist
season; also provide more opportunity for local boats owner.
Sustainability The design of the storage is similar to opposite boats to keep the marine heritage of Whitby
at it’s, the inside of boats storage facilities that shall be characterised for making the
proposed construction building sustainable and environmental friendly, with many natural
source of lighting, ventilation and energy.
Figure 123 outside Boats Storage, (http://www.crownsteelbuildings.ca
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Figure 124 solar panel and natural light, (www.homefarmequestriancentre.co.uk)
This building uses renewable energy resources for the glass roof was purposely installed to
allow light to enter and absorb energy. In addition the roof collects rainwater which is used
for toilet tanks. Again this building was designed to be sustainable and environmental
friendly. The fork lift use will work by chargeable batteries to reduce CO2 emission.
Flood risk; According to Scarborough council site investigation has been noted that the boats storage
building floor need to rise to 70cm to improve flood damage and potential excavation is kept
to a minimum, for foundation and storage building. The local planning authorities It is
recommended by the PPG25 (Planning Policy Guidance 25), should adopt for development
and flood risk to ensure safety of Whitby resident from this disaster in happening. The
chosen location is in flood zone (3), it means high risk area, the river risk above 1%, and
tidal & costal greater than 0.5%, as shown in the figure below
Table 26flood risk zone (Planning Policy Guidance 25)
Traffic; During the site visiting has been noticed that the upper harbour tend not be considerably
occupied in comparison to lower harbour. In terms of tourist, visitors and resident tend to be
around the shore and lower harbour and not the upper harbour because of the lack of
scenery to the upper harbour. The proposed of construct new boats storage building along
with extended pontoon will play a vital role to solve this issue by encouraging tourist/visitors
to travel by boat as an alternative mean of transportation. Not only vehicle congestion being
solved, it will encourage tourists/visitors to explore the upper harbour with the facility it has,
as mentioned previously. S.A.H
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Coast of construction; The project is required about one acre of land, to build storage of 70 small and 50 large
boats. Project duration is 250 days,
Labour coast £360,000
Crane rental for pile drive and building for 150 days, £90,000 for two cranes
Steel for structural; £450,000
Excavation process; £250,000
Piles and concrete, £150,000
Transportation, £120,000
Planning and management; £120,000
Other coast, £50,000
Total = £1,590,000
Budge = £1,900,000
the space of each boats are cost around £4000-£5000, each rack is coast £4500-£5000,
building coast between £1,350,000,000-£1,550,000, forklift heavy capacity to carry large
boats £110,000, £30,000 for service and some more for extra coast, the total will come to
around 1,900,000. The coast is much cheaper in comparison with pontoon construction is
around half.
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Introduction There are three potential options in this investigation. Firstly, have an onshore wind farm
secondly have an offshore wind farm and thirdly do nothing.
Onshore The potential for an onshore wind form is nonexistent within Whitby. Firstly because this is a
conservation area and permission would not be granted for such a project. Also for a wind
farm it would require space which is not available in Whitby. Additionally any individual
turbines installed in Whitby would ruin its current picturesque landscape thus affecting the
much needed tourism industry. Previously the council have prevented property owners to
place even solar panels on the roof of buildings due to it ruining the view of the buildings.
Whitby is completely surrounded by the North York Moors National Park. This means the
possibility of any wind farm in this region outside of Whitby would be impossible due to its
impact on the landscape and environment. Permission would be impossible to gain
especially with the government focusing on offshore wind farms which have a greater energy
yield.
Figure 125 North Yorks National Park.org
Offshore Investing in an offshore wind farm would be possible and would have many benefits. It would
create a source of renewable energy for Whitby. The project would bring many jobs to
Whitby during construction and also for the operation and maintenance of the wind farm.
However the environmental impacts on the coast will have to be analysed.
Do nothing Doing nothing would have certain disadvantages. The disadvantage being that any
renewable energy and job creation from having an offshore wind farm will be eliminated.
However there may be advantageous to do nothing, at least in the short term, for many
reasons. A wind farm close to Whitby and within sight of it would dramatically affect its
currently picturesque view.Furthermore the cost of having a wind farm in the sea is relatively
huge. Also the size of an offshore wind farm close to the coast of Whitby would have to be
small and therefore would not benefit from economies of scale. Currently the government
have chosen huge sites to develop as wind farms in its round 3 of wind farm development.
Of these sites one is Dogger Bank which is located 77 miles from Whitby making Whitby the
closest port with 24hr access to it. Being located far means it will be out of view so won’t
have a negative aesthetic impact. S.M
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Figure 126 Location of Whitby in relation to Dogger Bank (http://www.offshorewind.biz
These are being built to ensure the government meets its targets for renewable energy in
2020. Dogger Bank is closest in a straight line to Whitby and has been chosen due to its
depth of water ranging from 18m to 63m making it suitable for wind turbines and the
shallowest of the round three sites. It covers an area of 3343 square miles which is split in to
a number of separate wind farm. It is hoped that by 2020 this site alone provides a huge
9GW of clean energy. If the government requirements have been met it would not be
necessary to have another wind farm in the present.
The area already around Dogger Bank has infrastructure around it such as oil rigs etc so it
won’t be disturbing a currently open, unspoilt sea. Off shore substations, converters and
cables connecting it to the grid will already exist as a result of this development therefore it
would not make sense to develop a new site and have to incur the cost of an entire new set
of infrastructure to support it especially considering the current sites are going to fulfil the
government’s targets for renewable energy.
The Dogger Bank site has recently confirmed to use Whitby for maintenance of the turbines.
This will create many jobs for Whitby and rekindle its connection to the sea. This service
centre has been proposed to be on the endeavour wharf and will result in the creation of 350
direct jobs and a further 350 indirect jobs. This means that jobs are to be created anyway
and will benefit Whitby greatly. With the wind farm industry being young the potential of
driving costs lower is very high. In 10-15 years more innovative technology will result in
lower costs and eliminate first time costs involved with wind farms.With these improvements
taking place it may not be wise to build a wind farm immediately.
However in the future as population increases, not only in Whitby but also nationally and
internationally greater demand for energy will present itself. Also considering the ever
increasing need to combat climate change the future will see a need for more sources of
renewable energy. The expected life cycle of a wind farm is about 20 years although the
crown estate gives the lease of the land for 50 years. As existing wind farms are
decommissioned due to expiry of life cycle and leasesmore wind farms will be required. The
coast off Whitby could accommodate a wind farm.
Outline of a Wind Turbine The wind turbine consists of a foundation to suppport the rest of the structure. A transition
piece connects the foundations to the shaft of the turbine. On top of the shaft there is the
nacell which houses the gearbox, control system and the generator. S.M
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A small transformer also steps up the voltage to be fed into the array cables to send to the
offshore substation. The blades are joined to the hub which connects to the nacelle.
Figure 127 Wind Turbine Components (http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk
Foundations Foundations are mainly of four types.
Mono piles: These are piles made of steel which are hammered or drilled into the sea bed. Newer
designs aim to accommodate deeper waters but generally these are used in water depths of
up to 30m.
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Jacket/tripod:
Figure 128 Jacket foundation (http://www.4coffshore.com)
This foundation design has been borrowed from the much experienced oil and gas industry
therefore supply is much more available. The installation is either done by driving piles first
into the sea bed through a template, called pre-piling or alternatively using the pile sleeve
connected to the jacket. An advantage of the first method is that the jackets can be
fabricated whilst the piles are being installed therefore saving time. Typically these were
used for depths of 30-50m however newer designs accommodate up to 70m. Variations of
this type of foundation have recently been developed to save time, money and be more
environmentally friendly. The twisted jacket designed for 30-60m depth uses fewer
components of steel therefore making it cheaper and easier to assemble. However it has to
be noted that the 60m depth would not be suitable for larger turbines in this design.
Installation is sped up as more can be fitted onto a barge. This also reduces carbon foot
print. Suction Bucket Jacket foundation uses the jacket but without the piles. It has huge
suction buckets on therefore eliminates piling. It has many advantages as oppose to
standard jackets. It can be used in waters up to 60m depth with 5-6MW turbines. During
installation due to no piles it has relatively very little noise pollution and doesn’t damage the
sea bed as much making it more environmentally friendly. It can also be installed on various
soil types of soil such as mud stone close to sea surface. This makes it usable in more
locations.
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Gravity based:
Figure 129 Gravity Based Foundation (http://www.4coffshore.com)
This generally consists of a heavy concrete structure which does not require piling on
installation. Due to its weight it is held in place by gravity. The design will require a shaft
either made of concrete or steel to transfer the load of the turbine. It is anchored to the sea
bed and can accommodate many different depths and soil types depending on design.
Concrete requires less maintenance than steel as it is more durable to sea conditions. And
depending on how the concrete is produced it can be quicker. The depths at which these
foundations can be used vary and one design, ViciVentus, states it can be used in 100+m of
water. This same design can be used on soft or firm soils and is maintenance free with a
design life of 100+ years. It also does not require anchoring or piling making it a very good
design.
Floating structures: These structures use structures with cables attached to the sea bad. These have gone
through many demonstrative technical feasibility tests in recent years. However this type of
foundation is still in its early stages so technology will improve and costs will decrease as
time goes on. Advantages stated for these are reduction in costs for stabilising and less
components. Also wind farms could potentially be further out at sea in much deeper waters
of 120+m and therefore could be placed at previously inaccessible sites at a much larger
scale with taller turbines. According to a study byThe Glosten Associates the cost through
these technologies could reduce the cost of energy to £85/MW.h as oppose to the current
£149/MW.h.
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Figure 130 Floating structures (http://www.ewea.org)
Blades
Figure 131 Siemens Aero-elastically designed blade (http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/renewable-energy/wind-power/wind-turbine-technology/blades)
The blades are an integral part of the turbine. They have to be aerodynamically designed to
maximise the output of the turbine.
The Siemens integrated blade system is made in one piece to eliminate any weak points
from cracks. At sea any cracks could potentially damage the blades due to freeze thaw,
water ingress and lightning damage. This design eliminates these potential threats. As
climate change takes place it is predicted that there will be more storms thus more lightning.
With blades being the highest part of the turbine it is essential that lightning strikes do not
cause major damage to the turbine. More innovative blades have been designed to
maximise energy yield.
Outline of a Wind Farm Wind farms consist of turbines inter connected with cables which then connect to an offshore
substation. The generated energy is stepped up here using a step up transformer to
minimise loss of energy due to transmission. From here undersea cables connect to an
onshore substation where the energy is transformed to an appropriate voltage to connect to
the grid. Cables have to be installed from this station to a substation owned by the national
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grid. A port is required throughout the construction, operation and maintenance of the wind
farm.
Figure 132 Outline of a Wind Farm ( http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2012/Sarkar.pdf)
Potential sites for an offshore wind farm
Location one A number of locations could be used at various distances from the shore. The map below
shows that closer to the shore at 2.32 km the depth is 24m according to chart data.
Figure 133 Distance from shore to location one with water depth
Having a wind farm here would have many advantages. It will be a shorter distance to install
cables to connect to the grid onshore meaning less energy loss. Also maintenance vessels
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will have a relatively shorter journey therefore all logistical operations will be simpler. The
shallow depth will mean construction will be easier and maintenance of these foundations
will also be much easier. However at this distance the wind farm will spoil the view of the
coast at an unacceptable level. Additionally the wind farm will be limited in size as its
obstruction to shipping vessels will be great meaning it won’t benefit from economies of
scale. Turbines will have to be shorter to reduce visual impact. Below the Teesside wind
farm located 1.5km off the coast makes an ugly scene. The current plans for a wind farm on
The Jurassic Coast located 10km from the coast have sparked anger due to it spoiling a
world heritage site. The Whitby Abbey is an English heritage site and could possibly become
a world heritage site as applications have recently been made. This would mean a wind farm
can’t possibly be placed here.
Figure 134 Teesside Wind Farm (http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/claim-counter-claim-over-redcar-offshore-3675862)
Location 2
As you go further the depth quickly increases to 45-60m at about 15 km and beyond.
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Figure 135 distance from shore to location two with water depth
The main benefit of having a wind farm here is that the human impact will be greatly reduced
as the turbines will not be as visible as if they were located closer. With the historical value
of Whitby and it being a tourist location the visual impact is extremely important.
As you go further from shore the density of ships is also reduced therefore this is another
advantage of locating it further away.
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Figure 136 UK shipping densities (https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/317770/1066.pdf)
There will negative negative impacts on economics as it will mean the energy will have to be
transported a greater distance than if it was closer resulting in a greater energy loss. Also
the cost for construction will increase due to needing deeper foundations. It will increase the
scale of the logistical operations however keeping in mind that Whitby will have had a great
amount of experience whilst accommodating the service station for Dogger bank wind farm it
will avoid ‘first time’ costs.
Considering current technology this would be the best location for the wind farm. Using the correct foundations it will be possible to accommodate the wind farm at this depth. The area that will be used is 260km squared with staggered spacing of turbines. This is based on using 100 5MW turbines for a 500MW wind farm. However detailed data collectionand investigation using met stations and sea bed analysis may conclude the use of different turbines so this may change. The wind speed on the coast of the North Sea is in the range of 5 to 15ms-1and increase as you move further offshore. The prevailing winds are in the south easterly direction. SM
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Geologically the sea bedrock is lime stone and mudstone at this location will be able to
accommodate the foundations of the turbines.With mudstone bed it may be necessary to
use suction bucket or gravity based foundations. Also these foundations could cater for the
depths proposed.The seabed sediment in this location is Holocene and gravelly sand.
Figure 137 Bedrock off Whitby Coast (http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.)
Figure 138 Seabed sediment off Whitby Coast (http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.) S.M
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Figure 139 Seabed sediment off Whitby Coast (http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.)
Installation/construction For a quicker and cheaper installation of a wind farm it helps to get as much done onshore
as possible. A port with a large area and crane capacity is necessary. Whitby can make use
of its port. The endeavour wharf which has over 9000m2of open quay space and a crane
capacity of 25 tonnes may be ideal. It also has pontoons for commercial use and commercial
fuel provision. These services could be enhanced to meet the needs of the wind farm. As it
will be already servicing the Dogger Bank turbines it will be adequate for use however it may
have to be extended for a greater capacity.
Assembling the foundations and the turbines onshore and towing them on barges/vessels to
the location will mean a speedy installation. Offshore installation is heavily reliant on weather
conditions and this can slow down the process hugely.
Parts of the turbine will have to be transported to the port possibly by road. As these will be
huge parts it will be a difficult and expensive operation considering the access routes to
Whitby are limited and of a high gradient and narrow. If the transportation of these huge
components to the port is deemed too expensive another port such as the Middlesbrough
port may have to be used which has good road and freight links and has facilitated the
construction of offshore wind before.
Vessels The assembled parts will be taken to the site on jack up barges for installation. Considering
the depth of the proposed location the jacks on these will have to be able to reach the
bottom for them to be stable. These may have to be custom built in order for the installation
to be problem free.
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Foundations Gravity based foundations will be suitablefor this location as they can accommodate depths
of 60m and even beyond. These will be assembled and constructed onshore and towed out
to the site for installationusing tugs. They will be installed by sinking them into the location.
Scour protection will be used to minimise the damage to the sea bed.
If this type of foundation is used it will be possible to construct the entire turbine and
foundation on shore and simply tow it to the location. If the ViciVentus gravity based
foundation is used there will also be minimal sea bed levelling necessary. I believe this
would be the best foundation design for the turbines.
Figure 140 ViciVentus foundation design (http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/gravity-based-support-structures-aid274.html)
Cables The inter array cables will connect to one substation offshore. The cable installation will be done using trenching vessels. This will bury the cables under the sea. Typically this will be a single cable made up of three cores. These cables will carry the industry standard of 33kV. This will also need a fibre optic cable to transmit data. Armouring will be used to protect the cable from any potential damage. Transmission from offshore to onshore is done via high voltage cables connected from the
offshore substation to the onshore substations. High voltage AC (alternating current) or DC
(direct current) cables can be used. DC cables have significantly lower losses compared to
AC cables. As the current of the generated energy will be AC converters will have to be used
to convert to DC. Upon reaching shore the same will have to be done as energy has to be
transmitted as AC in to the grid. Despite the massive save in energy at shorter distances it is
more economical to use AC cables.
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Figure 141 Cost comparison between AC/DC (http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2012/Sarkar.pdf)
Therefore I think at a 15km distance it would be best to use an HVAC cable.During the
installation of the cables crossing existing pipe line and cabling in the sea will have to be
considered. The owners of these pipelines will have to be consulted and the exact method of
crossing will then be detailed with them.
The offshore cable will land in Whitby and will connect to a transition pit to connect to an
onshore cable. The cables will then have to connect to an onshore substation.The Whitby
substation is located just south of the New Bridge. This substation will need to be upgraded
to make it capable of transforming the high voltage to a more adequate voltage for the
national grid.
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Figure 142 Whitby Substation Location (http://wikimapia.org/26137604/Whitby-Substation)
Cables will have to be taken from the landing point to this location. The default method of
installing cables is to use the open cut method. This can be used where there are no major
physical constraints. Where there are physical constraints such as a river or structure
horizontal directional drilling will be used.
The transition pit will require access throughout the lifetime of the wind farm for
maintenance. This could be located at the base of the west cliff. This is because this area
has better access by road than the east side which is heavily restricted.
Figure 143 Location for transition pit (http://digimap.edina.ac.uk/digimap/home) S.M
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It may be possible to channel the cables to existing substations for offshore wind farms such
as in Teesside or Creyke Beck. This would mean the energy company currently running
those stations would have to be involved in the wind farm project. Doing this would reduce
costs for onshore installation.
Operations & Maintenance After the wind farm is commissioned it will require maintenance during operation. The maintenance operations will include the inspection and maintenance of all cables including inter-array and onshore cables, maintenance of foundations, turbines and substations. For this a base will have to be made on shore, presumably the endeavour wharf due to it being a port with moorings for vessels. This will already be operating as a service station for the Dogger Bank wind farm. This will have to be extended for the use of this wind farm. More staff will be employed to facilitate the operation and maintenance. 24hr transport from the port to the wind farm will be required to support these operations by taking technicians and equipment to the wind farm. There may be a potential to construct a new port in the future if needs arise at Tate Hill Sands. This will however mean rerouting Church Street, Tate Hill round about and Henrietta Street. With this in mind this would only be possible in the future in a situation where the benefits of such a structure would greatly outweigh the loss of historical buildings and streets surrounding that area as a result of it. As the distance from the port to parts of the wind farm is greater than 12 miles it will not be sufficient to use vessels only in the support of maintenance operations. Using helicopters combined with vessel support will be necessary and will be most economical. As the endeavour wharf will be accommodating a much more distant wind farm it may have facilities installed already to accommodate helicopters. However these may have to be upgraded to facilitate more helicopters for an additional wind farm.
Figure O&M Most Cost Effective Options (http://www.scottish-enterprise.com)
At the different locations around the wind farm it will be necessary to place temporary moorings for vessels being used for the maintenance and operation. For helicopters helipads will have to be installed also. S.M
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Cost The costs for a wind farm can be calculated from the development and consent stage. This stage will cost approximately £60 million. This includes everything from the feasibility study to the detailed environmental surveys of the location and getting consent to proceed with the project. It also includes costs of met station and their surveys, sea bed surveys, human impact studies and finally the design and engineering of the wind farm all of which are required before consent can be given. After this the costs of the components of the wind farm have to be considered. Each 5MW
turbine costs about £6 million. A 100 of these will there for cost £600 million. The remaining
components can cost in the range of £400-£500 million. These include the cost of the
foundations, array cables, connecting cables, offshore and onshore substations.
The installation costs of the wind farm total to around £400 million. This includes the cost of
the cable laying, installation of foundations, turbines, substations and construction ports. It
also includes the cost of all the transport of materials and the cost of vessels required. The
final commissioning and testing of the electrical systems is included in this figure.
Finally the cost of operation and management of the wind farm during its lifetime right until
its decommissioning is considered. This can cost anything between £35-£40 million. A port
for the maintenance of the wind farm is included in this. This gives the whole life cycle cost
of the wind farm to be approximately £1,550,000,000. However these may be subject to
change in the future as the wind power industry gains more experience and technologies are
advanced.
Environmental impacts of the wind farm Wind farms in general have many environmental impacts. They can potentially damage the
sea bed and destroy habitats of marine life. They introduce foreign objects into the sea
therefore affecting the behaviour of marine life and affects the entire ecosystem. They also
become obstruction and hazard for birds and migrating species. Besides this they also
contribute to noise and light pollution. Therefore all effects on the environment will have to
be analysed and where possible it will have to be mitigated or minimised.
Effect to sea bed: During construction noise and vibrations are caused by boats and driving piles in to the
seabed for the foundations. This will destroy habitats for marine life however will be a short
term loss as. The laying of cables will also destroy habitats throughout operation as
maintenance will be needed. In order to mitigate this as many cables as possible will be
buried and therefore the seabed should return back to normal over time and restore habitats.
There is potential for there being suspended sediment release into the water. However it has
been stated that sediment release due to offshore construction is not great and within the
natural range caused by natural sea movement. There is also potential for release of
chemicals from the construction process into the water and this will be inevitable.
The main problem with the structure in relation to the sea bed will be localised scour. This
will be mitigated through the use of some form of scour protection.
Effects on marine life: Benthic communities on the sea bed will be affected by the cables and the foundations of the
structures. However these are said to be heavily localised and should not cause long term or
cumulative effects on the community. In a more detailed study fish spawning grounds will
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have to be analysed and these areas will have to be avoided and mitigation measures will
have to be placed in order to prevent damage to spawning grounds.
The turbine structures will create a barrier which is a potential hazard for migrating species
and causes them to change course or could potentially split species up. A more detailed
study on individual species that migrate will have to be analysed.
The effects of electromagnetic cables on certain fishes such as the dogfish which is
abundant in this area will have to be analysed to ascertain whether there will be major
effects on mortality rate or behavioural change.
During construction noise could affect very sensitive fish. In a report it was mentioned that
marine life avoided the construction site by 21m. This could be a blessing as it means that
during construction the fish are not affected. The fish will return after construction concludes.
The greatest amount of noise occurs from foundation installation. If a foundation that does
not require piles like gravity based foundation is used it will help greatly in protecting the fish.
During operation the noise produced by rotating blades and other underwater noise such as
electromagnetic noises from high voltage cables can change the behaviour of marine life.
However there is no evidence from previous wind farms that this changes the marine life
significantly.
Some reports have concluded that turbines actually create artificial reefs for marine life.
Researchers also discovered that marine mammals prefer to feed at wind farms due to the
prey that is available at these artificial reefs.
Effect on birds: During construction some prey for birds may be displaced therefore they will have to travel to
different areas for feeding. This will be short term as it will only be during construction.
During operation there is a risk for collision for birds this risk can’t be eliminated. A thorough
survey of all bird species in the area will have to be done to see if any protected species are
passing through there in high densities. There will also be a barrier effect which will mean
species may avoid the area totally or will need to use more energy to manoeuvre the wind
turbines. This in the worst case could affect mortality rates.
For all wild life in the sea and air detailed observation will be required before the consent of
the wind farm is given. These are conducted by companies specialising in each species of
marine life. Further mitigation mechanisms may be needed to protect wild life once these
surveys are complete.
Effect on Land: Land take for cables will be minimised by using the least amount of green land possible. Any
green land used will be done such that within a short time the land can be restored to its
original condition.
Effect on humans: The wind farm will be a visual impact for humans, this has been minimised by locating it
further out at sea. Fishing grounds could also be affected however there has been no
significant reduction in the assembly of shellfish and fish due to wind farm activity as
reported from previous wind farm.
There may be things of archaeological significance in the area which may be discovered
once surveys are done these will have to be removed or preserved. Ship wrecks may be
present on the site and will have to be removed or preserved if of any significant interest.
S.M
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Ships will have to avoid the wind farm and will create a new no go zone. However the
density of ships in this area is not that large and will be manageable.
During construction, operation and maintenance, if the Whitby Port is used it will be mean
that the general public will have to be kept out from the assembly area to prevent accidents.
Any noisy work will have to be done during the day. Noise barriers will be placed to keep
noise pollution at minimum.
Summary In conclusion it will be possible to build a wind farm at this location. It will be the best place in
terms of minimising costs and human and environmental impacts. However this would be
subject to detailed studies of the marine environment at the location and analysis of financial
return on investment. This would be necessary before any planning permission is given to
embark on such a project.
S.M
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Recommendation (Edison Derrick Mugoya)
For development outside the Harbour zone based on some of the initial
considerations we believe that the canal proposal made by Edison Derrick Mugoya would be
an alternative means of indulging majority of the Whitby’s problems as picked up from the
site Investigation and the clients brief. The factors that influence the recent and future
developments are as following:
To increase the employment rate as new city planning can be incorporated carefully
along the canal to the Saltwick bay as shown in the initial proposal. Recent surveys indicate
that the tourist and leisure industries are experiencing periods of steady growth in Whitby.
This Idea sort of shifts Whitby’s main source of income from tourism allowing Whitby’s
outskirts areas to drive the economy out and attract more jobs/ and formations of
employment out towards the edges of Whitby to reduce the population density in peak
season times whistle managing congestion of people. It will marginally increase the means
of transportation that engages in efficiency so as to have the congestion kept to a minimum
whistle providing ease manoeuvring of the different job sectors to be found along the
proposed canal section. Such facilities are available at the endeavour and Timber or
(Eskdale) Wharves located south of the swing bring. However the current design has been in
use since the 1900’s and calls for Bulk cargo handling that meet modern standards as the
increase in the cargo’s like yachts is a growing industry that needs expansion.
Figure 144 A Cross section of recommended Canal
Surveys conducted in the early 1900’s revealed that each year about 70 vessels
move approximately 80,000 tonnes of cargo through the port of Whitby. With this in mind,
the port of Whitby invested in new dredging facilities; in addition, the provision of new dry
facilities to severe the largest cargo vessels and the fishing fleet was the subject of a
feasibility study at the time.
This addition space on either side of the proposal will give city planners the ability to
regenerate Whitby into two parts; the current Whitby may be considered as a historical
attraction whistle the new development may be considered as the business district driving
Whitby’s economy up and attracting a lot of people back to Whitby kind of like the
regeneration of the docks of Gloucester. This established a framework within which
developers of individual sites could work out their detailed proposals. The plan indicated that
many of the refurbished and new buildings should have shops, cafes or business units on
the ground floor and residential accommodation above. Car parks should be sited around
E.D.M
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the periphery, leaving the central area traffic-free except for service vehicles. Public areas
should have high quality surfacing, street furniture and visual arts features.
Seeing as the town lacks major hotels apart the royal hotel located on the west cliff,
the space alongside the canal will provide this flexibility to the area allowing for an increased
hotel proposal on a green field site as majority of the buildings are listed and can’t be
knocked down and reused as this doesn’t suit the locals ideal of the environment. Canals are
great because not only do they provide new transportation links but may reduce flooding and
excess water may be used to generate electricity for the new developments along it making
it more sustainable and if done with high levels sustainability management as seen by the
BREEAM method then it could be a development project on its own that may be an example
to the rest of the coastal developments. Canals can also act as a water treatment plant
cleaning the river water and then recycling it back into the development, it’s can be cost
effective in this manner.
Figure 145 A Plan view of the entrance to water Treatment Plant via Canal
Infirmary and Emergency facilities may be well designed for long term adjusts to the
topology of Whitby. As the small old roads within the current Whitby it may get really
crowded during peak seasons and getting emergency facilities in and out is increasing more
difficult, however with the new city plans along the new canal this may not be an issue. New
company’s similar to Parkol Marine Engineering may well arise in this area! High raise
buildings that accommodate more hotel spaces, residential homes with excellent views of
the sea side and office spaces to keep up with the increase in population all this and more
becomes possible with this proposal. It will increase finance and cash flow in the long run.
A micro climate environment may develop over the course of this development cycle and it can be used to manage the air temperature so as to keep the area comfortable in the long term; inducing climate change which has the potential to reroute the cold northern winds away from the core living areas. This may be far-fetched; after all it is just a recommendation to the canals potential. This based on the Whitby’s prevailing wind analysis and its change over the century on a decade basis suggests. With this in mind it can be reverted into the increase in the geological, historical and economic background of Whitby’s
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heritage. This factor is unique and as an initiatives and ingenuity of the proposal this recommendation would be an interesting justification for future modifications and development of Whitby.
E.D.M
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Appendix A
Minutes and Progress Checks (Edison Derrick Mugoya)
This section of the project is designed to show the background work that couldn’t
make the main report due to fatigue and repetitive analysis such as tables meeting notes
that is require for student progress and checks throughout the course of the project to act as
proof of the efforts into the project by the individuals. The minutes where conducted on a
weekly basic having begun whistle in Whitby during the evening gatherings in our rooms
right through the organised meetings called by myself and conducted and managed by Alan!
As I’m in charge of monitoring the progress of each individual and reporting my findings to
the group leader Alan I have provided a worksheet that was completed after each meeting at
least once a week! On some occasions some group members have been noted as absent
and this is clearly marked in the following sections of this report. These absences can’t be
recovered and other had to take the tasks of the ones that missed a session! And it will
reflect in our report above.
Regular meetings and get together with our lectures Dr. Crina Otlean-Dumbrava and
Dr. Derek Walker have also been recognised as useful meetings and in some case have
been reflected in this minute report. Brief Conversations with the group leader Alan and me
have been recorded for the purpose of assigning the correct amount of effort to the team
member without being biased or with minimal propaganda. I hope you find this section worth
of your time in making a suitable allocation of marks to the individuals that have put in the
effort to achieve their grades. Where mis-understanding persists please feel free to contact
the group leader Alan.
E.D.M
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GROUP1 (TEAM 2) |MINUTES
AGENDA TOPICS
Time allocatted | week2 5pm | Agenda topic Choosing team leader | Presenter
Team
Our first group meeting took place to decide who should be the team leader in order to drive
the whole project accordingly and deliver the best result. Based on previous experience the
team decided that Alan Majeed should take the responsibility of leading the team
Conclusion: Alan has been chosen to become a team leader
Meeting date | time 9 /29/2014 3:00 PM | Meeting location Library
Meeting called by Edison
Type of meeting Short discussion
Facilitator Alan
Note taker Edison
Timekeeper Alan & Derric
Attendees
Ala n Majeed
Sabah Anwar Hamagareb
Khalid Al - A h babi
Edison Derrick Mugoya
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Vote was taken Suhayl Motara
6/10/2014
Edison Mugoya
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb
Alan Majeed
Brief /Suhayl joining the group
Time allocatted | 6/10/2014 | Agenda topic Introductory Meeting | Presenter ALAN
Discussion: Assigning the different tasks to the individuals of the group whistle giving
feedback on their thoughts about the brief. A discussion on the time slots for subsequent
meetings. Get environmental maps, street maps and marine maps. Then we arrived at
Whitby Khalid went on transportation lecture with Rob Pheasant, Suhayl and Edison went to
collect information about Whitby and Sabah and Alan went to interview local people about
the major issues that the town were going through.
Conclusion: Covered the meeting brief.
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Preparing for day out in Whitby Edison Mugoya
7/10/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara
Time allocatted | 6/10/2014 (after dinner) | Agenda topic day out in whitby |
Presenter ALAN
Discussion: After having a long day in Whitby we had a meeting to share the
information that the group members gathered. Some points were taken in to
consideration such as;
Every team member should read and study the hand book properly.
What are the major issues in whitby?
How can we meet the needs of whitby ?
Suggestion of area development and local’s comments.
Collect more data, take lots of photos and information while we are in whitby .
Every team member should take the tasks that confident with and dedicate time
with having strategy to deliver the best of it.
Think of any questions so we could ask the tutors and the local authority’s
representatives
Every team member should manage their time, and if need it helping other team
members.
Alan should set up a Whatsapp group (phone app) for team communication via
text massages, and everyone should engage and respond to the texts.
Prepare for next day meetings and tasks.
Conclusion: Everyone had chosen (the must tasks to do), some minor tasks were
also given out for the next day.
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Splitting the tasks Edison Mugoya
7/10/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara
Time allocatted | 7/10/2014(before dinner) | Agenda topic Splitting the tasks | Presenter ALAN
Discussion: Assigning the different tasks to the team members as follows;
Alan Majeed (park and ride, Improving tourism.i.e water sports, off shore wind farm
service, current parking problem)
Khalid Al-Ahbabi (New bridge + swing bridge, leisure center, traffic congestions)
Sabah Hamagereb (Flood risk, Aquarium, Pontoon and Marina)
Edison Mugoya (Sustainable Energy Sources, New bridge + swing bridge, Harbour
development, Taking notes and record the minutes)
Suhayl Motara (Environmental Impact Assessments for different proposals, Coastal
Erosion, Bulk Cargo, Hotel or training centre)
Conclusion: Everyone had chosen the tasks for time being after discussion, also
mentioned that the tasks might change as we go alone and getting the feedbacks from the
tutors.
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Site investigation Edison Mugoya
14/10/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara
Time allocatted | 7/10/2014 (after dinner) | Agenda topic site investigation |
Presenter ALAN
Discussion: more information was collected by the group members, during the site
investigation and attended the gathering; Mr. John Woodhead’s points were carefully
examined and questions were asked with recording the data that might be needed for
the projects.
Conclusion: Minor tasks were achieved and Mr. John Woodhead’s points were taken
in to considerati
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Park & Ride, Leisure Centre, Traffic Congestion, Swing bridge Edison Mugoya
24/10/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara
Time allocatted | 14/10/2014 (after lecture) | Agenda topic Location | Presenter
ALAN
Discussion:
To all agree upon the suitable locations for the footbridge, park and ride, hotel, Leisure
Centre, water sport,etc...
Looking into developing the East cliff side where there’s less infrastructure more
greenery
Discussion point! A report from everyone should be produced as all agreed upon by
Tuesday 21st of October 2014. And these will be assessed by the rest of the group in the
next meeting.
Make a booking of a room in the library for future meetings, with a computer and
whiteboard and markers.
Feed backs from team members
Checking every team member’s progress.
Conclusion:
We generally believe the above was a good proposal based on the ideas brought up in our
discussion.
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Meeting with the Lectures Edison Mugoya
28/10/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara (Absent)
Time allocatted |9:00AM 24/10/2014 | Agenda topic meeting the lectures| Presenter
ALAN
Discussion:
Group ideas were discussed with lectures,
Alan must design the Matrix Form
Parameters for matrix form were decided
Questions about sustainability, design of the bridge, different ideas were asked
Attend the group meeting with Dr. Crina
Every team member must complete the matrix form and have it ready for next
meeting so we could rate them
Alan and Edison went back to see Mr.Derric to confirm the matrix form
Conclusion:
Points from lectures were taken into consideration; also the matrix form tasks was
design
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Progress Check and design Matrix Edison Mugoya
30/10/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara
Time allocated | 9:00AM 28/10/2014 | Agenda topic Progress check | Presenter ALAN
Discussion:
To come up with a decision making method of deciding a proposal design matrix of
advantages and Disadvantages/ Pro’s and con’s; so as to begin writing a detailed
proposal from the collected group information from the Whitby trip.
Discussing the matrix parameters and explaining the meaning of them.
Discussion with Suhayl that he should attend the meetings and not been absent
anymore as the meetings are very important.
Decide to finish the rating on next meeting 30/10/2014 deadline
Communications between the group members should improve as some members failing
to respond to the team discussion and decisions.
Different and more tasks were given out.
Focusing on sustainability.
Conclusion:
After a long assessment and overall look at the assessment of the EIA (cover by my college
Suhayl
Motara) and the Sustainable actions that should be taken we decided to look at a detailed
design on the new Interchange located on the east cliff if possible. The Economic and social
aspects where taken into account and have been assessed appropriately.
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Flood Risk/Solutions Edison Mugoya
4/11/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara (Absent)
Time allocated | 30/10/2014 | Agenda topic Detailed Proposal | Presenter ALAN
Discussion:
Matrix form rated with advantages and disadvantages
Group ideas about next step were discussed
Group decided to speak with Suhayl next week that he should not be absent any more,
as he was absent again and missed an important part of the group project
Conclusion
Matrix form rated, and next meeting arranged.
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Method Statement, risk assessment Edison Mugoya 7/11/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi (Absent)
Sabah Hamagereb (Absent)
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara
Time allocated | 04/11/2014 | Agenda topic Method Statement | Presenter ALAN
Discussion:
Several detailed designs combined makes up the single viable solutions
Please address to all the area of the brief
Methods statements and Risk assessment, for commercial and bridge development
We need 10 more significant methods of construction operations, foundation, roofing, shear walls and glass windows fittings such stuff
Every proposal should consider flooding, erosion weathering etc off the brief note…
Training Centre will be done by Edison Derrick Mugoya.
Drawings printed in A3 for both commercial and bridge, in a first angle projection
Conclusion
All agreed on a deadline to have our detailed design ready for proof reading! Begin
Assembling the overall project as we gathered the groups’ contribution towards the project.
All written reports by the 20th of November 2014 will be assessed by Alan and Edison to
check for grammar and spelling and then assembled to a final document ready for
submission. No further major changes will be taken from this point. Unless subjected by the
lectures. All team member have their individual tasks to complete in detail please, help on
various areas of weakness may be compensated by other team members but at their own
liking. Remember to check that you don’t fall into plagiarism and serious checks will be done
by Alan and Edison regarding this. Reference technics should be picked up from the Harvard
reference system found on blackboard. Download a copy and use it where necessary
please. The next meeting may be scheduled tomorrow after the class discussion as
timetabled, please refer to this and use Whatsapp where a lack or misunderstanding
persists.
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Method Statement, risk assessment Edison Mugoya
14/11/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi (Absent)
Sabah Hamagereb (Absent)
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara
Time allocated | 7/11/2014 | Agenda topic Method Statement | Presenter ALAN
Discussion:
The requirements for the executive summary and the introduction.
The details of the template and overall drawing.
Conclusion
We should take the CAD drawings to check with Mr. Derek Walker next week on the
14/11/2014
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Method Statement, risk assessment Edison Mugoya
27/11/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb (Absent)
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara (Absent)
Time allocated | 14/11/2014 | Agenda topic Method Statement | Presenter ALAN
Discussion:
the bridge was to wide therefore Derek have mentioned it should be
narrowed down to 7 meter
Derek mentioned specifically that Whitby is doing fine with one lane
carriageway therefore that was reason to narrow it from dual lane to single
lane
All drawing should show the title clearly on viewport
Plastic modulus calculations should be added to the report
For the park and ride Alan had to show the main road and change the
entrance and the exit
Conclusion
All point were taken in to consideration, and we bring the drawings to see him next week.
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Action items Attendence Next
meeting
Method Statement, risk assessment Edison Mugoya
14/11/2014
Khalid Al-Ahbabi
Sabah Hamagereb (Absent)
Alan Majeed
Suhayl Motara (Absent)
Time allocated | 27/11/2014 | Agenda topic Method Statement | Presenter ALAN
Discussion:
We asked how many copies we have to submit.
Soft copies were needed for Dr. Crina Otlean-Dumbrava
The format of the Executive summary
Regarding EIA we asked whether it should be done for each of the detailed
proposals.
Then we asked about the presentations
Conclusion
We concluded that two copies need to be submitted and a soft copy needs to be sent to Dr.
Crina. The format shouldn’t contain any bullet point. We then decided that it needs to be
done by for each detailed design!
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Appendix B
Matrix Forms for initial Consideration
Commercial development: Tidal Turbines 5 Table of Matrix (1) 5
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For Locals Creating an employment for locals 3 Not enough job opportunist 2
Environmental
Renewable energy
3 could be dangerous to the marine life 2
Flora and fauna
Tourist Attraction none 1 none 4
Cost in comparison to alternative methods of
producing energy it relatively cheap 4 Very high cost to construct 1
Traffic Congestion No traffic congestion in the town 4 during construction and maintenance it may
cause delay of ships 1
Social Aspect Aesthetically pleasing, and providing jobs 3 Installing many turbines isn’t good it affects
the marine life 2
Architectural Compatibility It's hidden under water so it doesn't affect the
nature of Whitby 4 none 1
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Parking Doesn't require lots of parking space. 4 maybe during service require some parking’s 1
Risk If the H & S rule are followed it may reduce risk,
and it'll be safe 2 May affect the marina life 3
Construction Time It won't affect the local business 3 6months – 1 year 2
Financial Income Provides means of income, excess income may
be sold 3 Expenses on maintenance 2
Durability Last up to 20years 1 Salt water may cause problems and require
regular maintenance 4
Accessibility easy to access 4 Can be accessed only by boat and requires
subdues for maintenance 1
Benefit For Locals Creating an employment opportunity for locals
and clear energy 3 none 2
Safety of User accessed by profession personal 1 could be risky during operation 4
Effect on Local Business provides cheap energy for local business 5 none 0
Limited to Seasonal All year round 5 none 0
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Maintenance Small amount of labour 1 expert personal required for the job, and
require maintenance and monitoring 4
Multifunctional could be used as a light house in some cases 1 only used for one purpose (energy) 4
Ingenuity Provides a good opportunity for innovative
construction towards the balance of social and efficiency
3 none 2
Sum 58 42
Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2
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Commercial development: Off shore Wind Farm
Service
Table of Matrix (2)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For Locals Create jobs for locals, and brings money
to Whitby
4 It may cause to lose some jobs in the current
car park
-1
Environmental It helps the off shore wind farm to run
smoothly which is one of the greenest
way of producing energy, and solve their
problems.
4 It may cause disruption to the marine life (if
there is any) during construction and normal
service; also waste has an impact if not
controlled.
-1
Tourist Attraction It may attract some tourism 0 All year around -5
Cost It may cost the local authority some
money to build it, but in return it is a big
investment for the harbour as the
harbour board says in Whitby Gazette;
“significant economic growth potential”
0 The money comes from the existence car park
might be minimised
-5
Traffic Congestion By Occupying the location for this
service we encourage cars to use park &
ride for less traffic congestion in the
town.
3 It might create traffic congestion in the town
and around it in the time of construction and in
the time of running, unless alternative transport
method take place(river transport)
-2
Social Aspect By creating jobs, this will help the people
of Whitby to have a better life style and
fewer problems with family, drug,
alcohol, etc..
4 Some may complain due to less spaces of
parking in that area.
-1
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Architectural Compatibility The site will be constructed in the way it
fits in to harbour area, similar to Parkol
site.
2 none -3
Parking Divert the parking to park & ride 0 There will be less parking spaces in the town -5
Risk We could overcome the risk during the
construction and after by better H&S
plan
3 It could be risky to locals or the workers during
construction time.
-2
Construction Time ``it is hoped that they will be in place as
early as next year``(Whitby Gazette)
4 If it’s not finished on time it could cost the local
authority and business.
-1
Financial Income It’s a big investment for the harbour as
the harbour board says in Whitby
Gazette; “significant economic growth
potential”
3 It may cause the business or car park in the
existence location to be relocated
-2
Durability It last for a long time 4 Unless Disaster strike (flood) -1
Accessibility Easy access to it from roads and river. 4 Might cause traffic in town, and disruption to
locals during construction, but fewer problems
after construction.
-1
Benefit For Locals It helps young people to stay or study in
order to get a job
4 none -1
Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 2 Safe if H&S rules followed -3
Effect on Local Business Helps local businesses to revive (hotels,
restaurants, supermarkets, petrol.,etc.
4 none -1
Limited to Seasonal All year around 5 All year around 0
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Maintenance Bringing more jobs to Whitby by
employing other skills to do the
maintenance.
3 Some part of the project might need
maintenance
-2
Multifunctional The actual location could be used for
something else in the future if decided to
move the service.
1 none -4
Ingenuity Some new technology can be used 3 might cost more money -2
Total 57 -43
Commercial
development: Park & Ride Table of Matrix (3)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For Locals Create jobs for locals, and brings money to
Whitby
3 It may cause to lose some jobs in the current
farm
2
Environmental Less CO2 emission in the town in particular
and in the world in general by bringing zero
or low emission buses, less accident in
town, help people to walk even if it’s a short
distance,
4 Using another plot of green land or a farm 1
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Tourist Attraction easy access+ easy transportation + easy
parking = More tourist
5 none 0
Cost It may cost the local authority some money
to build it, but in return it is a big investment
for Whitby
2 If costs too much then private sector might
get involve, less profit for local council
3
Traffic Congestion Definitely solve most of the problems in the
town
2 none 3
Social Aspect By creating jobs, this will help the people of
Whitby to have a better life style and fewer
problems with family, drug, alcohol, etc..
4 none 1
Architectural
Compatibility
Because this is located outside of Whitby in
the open area Architectural Compatibility is
not a big issue, but we could come up with
design which suits Whitby
3 none 2
Parking sort out the parking issue in town with a
large capacity of parking spaces
4 none 1
Risk We could overcome the risk during the
construction and after by better H&S plan
5 none 0
Construction Time It might take up to 1 year 4 If not finished on time it could cost the local
authority
1
Financial Income It’s a massive income for Whitby, 2 People who work in that farm lose jobs, if not
the owner. (compensation)
3
Durability It last for a long time 3 none 2
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Accessibility Very easy because it’s on one of the major
roads of Whitby(A171),close to high bridge,
easy access to it from East & West cliff and
from Scarborough
4 Some of the roads in west might need to be
rerouted.
1
Benefit For Locals It helps future growth of Whitby, more jobs 5 none 0
Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 4 Safe if H&S rules followed 1
Effect on Local
Business
simply more tourism more money for locals
Business
3 It might have effects on local taxi firms 2
Limited to Seasonal All year around 4 All year around 1
Maintenance Bringing more jobs to Whitby by employing
other skills to do the
maintenance.(mechanics, cleaners, etc.)
4 Some part of the project need maintenance
(Buses, toilets, etc…)
1
Multifunctional The actual location could be used for
something else at present (leisure centre) ,
and in the future if decided to move the
service
5 might have to change the plan if leisure centre
added and that costs more money
0
Ingenuity Since we have a large area we could come
up with so many brilliant designs (maybe
Leisure centre on the top) and features
3 might cost more money 2
Total 73 27
Commercial
development: Water sport and jet pack Table of Matrix (4)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
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Employment For Locals Create jobs for locals, and brings money to Whitby 5 Training might be provided from outside (temp) 0
Environmental No environmental effect 4 it may cause disruption to the marine life (if there
is any) along the coast or river Esk
-1
Tourist Attraction Big time!! Since there is none in Yorkshire and other
close area
5 None 0
Cost very cheap compare to any other projects 4 Gears or Parts might need to be imported -1
Traffic Congestion none 2 It could limit the activates where ever it located (
coast, Esk river)
-3
Social Aspect Brings joy to every one (young people, Tourist,
locals) it’s a must try for every one
4 maybe adults only -1
Architectural
Compatibility
none 5 Nice to see, even just watching! 0
Parking Use park and ride 2 none -3
Risk We could overcome the risk by training and better
H&S plan
1 not suitable for people who doesn’t know how to
swim
-4
Construction Time only few weeks 4 none -1
Financial Income It’s a very good income for Whitby, 4 none -1
Durability designed for both fresh and salt water use with all
exposed metal pieces made of either stainless steel
or hard coat anodized aluminium with Teflon coating
to protect against corrosion and abrasion, but
crushable if not used accordingly
2 parts could be a bit expensive due to potage -3
Accessibility easy 4 none -1
Benefit For Locals more jobs, good fun for young’s and others to watch 4 none -1
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Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 1 Safe if H&S rules followed -4
Effect on Local
Business
simply more tourism more money for locals
Business
4 none -1
Limited to Seasonal Possibility extend to few month in the year 1 good in summer or dry time -4
Maintenance Gears needs maintenance, Bringing more jobs to
Whitby by employing other skills to do the
maintenance.
1 Gears needs maintenance, cost more money -4
Multifunctional scooper diving , jet pack, fly fish, parasailing,
banana boat, glass bottom boat, jet ski, etc.
3 none -2
Ingenuity The whole thing is movable from one location to
another
5 none 0
Total 65 -35
Commercial development: New East Cliff Interchange 5 Table of Matrix (5) 5
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For Locals It’ll provide more job
4
It won’t be a convenient for the works 1
Environmental
They are predictable
1 change the shape of country side because of reroutings,
and disturbing the creatures who lives in the area 4
Tourist Attraction easy access for tourism 3
None 2
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Cost 1 High construction 4
Traffic Congestion Minimised due to increased traffic routes, no cars 4
1
Social Aspect Provides a good appreciation for the location 3 2
Architectural Compatibility
Provides a new pleasing scenery to the east cliff and it’ll be integrated with the design
3 May not be structural possible to build 2
Parking Reduces the level and number of parking required to
as less vehicles will be attracted to the area 2 3
Risk Low risk as accessibility to site has been mapped out and it phases in construction may continue as usual.
2
People may fall onto railway tracks 3
Construction Time 1 4
Financial Income Returns a good amount for collective regeneration of
the town economic growth
4 none 1
Durability Lasts 100 years without huge degradation 3 2
Accessibility High levels and good means of transport
none
Benefit For Locals Increase in the local economy, and attracts tourists none
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Safety of User Cctv cameras and security is in place to provide
adequate safety
May cause a build-up of suicidal attempts
Effect on Local Business Will divert the main shopping stalls to the east cliff. May remove the general trend and nature of the business
Limited to Seasonal All year round none
Maintenance Well in check and to a good standard as Someone might slip on off the surface
Multifunctional As it provides tourist information and gift shops to the
provides a change over for passing loads from Scarborough to Middleborough
none
Ingenuity Provides a great means of reducing the congestion that is currently there given by the stats of the local
area. none
total 31 29
Commercial
development:
Leisure Centre Table of Matrix (6)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For Locals All of the shops will be given to the local people 4 Senior staff for the Gym and cinema might come from
outside of Whitby
1
Environmental Most the materials used will be environmentally
friendly
2 Supplying the material might cause some emission 3
Tourist attraction It will have a big impact on tourism 3 might cause disturbance 2
Cost might affect the council budget 1 might affect the council budget 4
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Traffic Congestion It will increase the congestion in the town 1 It will increase the congestion in the town 4
Social Aspect Resident will benefit 3 might affect the landscape of Whitby 2
Architectural
Compatibility
overall it would satisfy Whitby architectural design 3 Some obstacles might stand out 2
Parking Next to the parking area 1 Next to the parking area 4
Risk The soil is not stabile 2 The soil is not stabile 3
Construction Time The leisure centre will take time to construct 1 The leisure centre will take time to construct 4
Financial Income There will be a huge income due to the shop,
cinema, GYM and bowling ally
4 It will affect the other local business 1
Durability Leisure Centre will be durable 3 some major disaster due to weather might affect the
centre
2
Accessibility There is access routes from the river Esk, walking
and by vehicles
4 there is no disadvantages due to accessibility 1
Benefit For Locals Increase the tourism rate in Whitby 4 1
Safety of User All of the Leisure centre will take a risk assessment
for the safety of the people
4 accidents might occur 1
Effect on Local
Business
More people means more income 3 customers rather go to the leisure centre 2
Limited to Seasonal the Project is not limited to seasonal 4 in summer maybe more active 1
Maintenance maintenance will be on regular basis 2 cost the project 3
Multifunctional 4 it is not multifunctional 1
Ingenuity Saves a lot of space in terms of land 2 might face a problem in the soil 3
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Total 55 45
Commercial development:
Pedestrianizing the Swing Bridge and building a new bridge Table of Matrix (7)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For Locals the construction will improve the employment in
Whitby 4
There will be some expert workers from the construction company from
outside of Whitby 1
Environmental Pedestrianizing the Swing will reduce the CO2
emission 4 Constructing a new bridge will have an
effect on the environment 1
Tourist Attractions Tourist attraction will rise 3 No vehicles to bother them 2
Cost major investment 0 will affect the council 5
Traffic Congestion The flow of traffic will be smooth 4 Traffic will get faster in Whitby 1
Social Aspect Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge
will not be demolished 3 It might affect Whitby historic
landscape 2
Architectural Compatibility due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it will not
stand out in Whitby 3 building the new bridge for vehicles
may on fit well 2
Parking There are some parking area in the town 1 The new bridge will use some of the
parking space inside the town 4
Risk Less risk for the people how dive the vehicles and
the pedestrians 4 There might be some risk in building
the bridge 1
Construction Time It might take some time 1 long time to construct 4
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Financial Income there is no income to construct a new bridge 0 there is no income to construct a new
bridge 5
Durability Building a new bridge is durable 4 Might face major weather condition 1
Accessibility Easy access 4 1
Benefit For Locals Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge
will not be demolished 3 It might affect Whitby historic
landscape 2
Safety of User Safer for the people how dive the vehicles and the
pedestrians 4 There might be some accidents on the
bridge 1
Effect on Local Business due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it might
affect some local business 4
due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it might affect some local
business 1
Limited to Seasonal The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 5 The new Bridge is not limited to
seasonal 0
Maintenance Maintenance should be every 10 years 1 Maintenance should be every 10 years 4
Multifunctional pedestrians, boats and vehicles can use it 3 Not Multifunctional 2
Ingenuity As a proposal I think this is the best solution 4 there is a chance of mistakes in
construction 1
Total 59 41
Table of Matrix (8)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For
Locals
Provide more job and service 1 Might be few people are attend 4
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Environmental Improve more training and education about marina 1 Encourage more fishing
4
Tourist Attraction Encourage more tourism to study in Whitby
1 Might be seasonal time tourist come to training 4
Cost Development land is provide reduce cost 3 New building and stuff require extra cost 2
Traffic
Congestion
Next to excited car park 3 Increase congesting during training and tourist
session
2
Social Aspect Locals will like the idea of providing jobs and training
1 Locals may not agree because of environment impact 4
Architectural
Compatibility
Use traditional method 2 New project need modern technic 3
Parking Park and ride help parking space 3 Required more parking space 2
Risk Improving training and education can help reduce risk 2 Impact on Environment and economic 3
Construction
Time
Can construct in one year 3 Required extra technic and resist materials in flood
risk area
2
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Financial Income Provide more income, job and attracting tourist 1 Effecting local marina business 4
Durability New projects has more life ability 3 Constructing in harbour site cause less durable 2
Accessibility Easy to access from river and car park 2 More difficult during tourist season 3
Benefit For
Locals
Provide more job, income and training 2 Environment impact 3
Safety of User Safe enough if H&S followed 2 Required extra tension during training time 3
Effect on Local
Business
Provide more costumer 1 Reduce parking space 4
Limited to
Seasonal
Can be used in all season 0 none 5
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Maintenance Provide more jobs 4 Regular maintain 1
Multifunctional Only used for sailing and fishing training 3 Difficult to convert to other function 2
Ingenuity Some new technology can be used 2 Can be expensive 3
Total 40 60
Construct new Boats Storage Table of Matrix (9)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For
Locals
Create more job 4 Reduce parking area 1
Environmental Dry storage reduce boats contact in the water 4 Impact the water during boats storage 1
Tourist
Attraction
Allows more spacing in mooring area for tourist boats
usage
4 Changes the view of harbour area and this effect
tourist attraction
1
Cost Storage coast is much less than pontoon 3 New construction is required new instrument and
sustainable materials
2
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Traffic
Congestion
Improve traffic and parking congestion for boats by
providing new boats place
3 More congestion in result of attracting more people to
harbour using their cars
2
Social Aspect Local residence will be pleased due to new work and jobs 4 Could change the way the upper harbour area look,
so local residence might reject changing in heritage
1
Architectural
Compatibility
Design a building in a form of boats 2 Might create congestion in upper harbour as its been
used by other larger ships
3
Parking Provide new space to park boats 3 Occupy car park land and more car parking spaces
needed
2
Risk Could reduce the risk of flood 2 Effecting workers life during construction 3
Construction
Time
Construct on land required less time 3 Might take long time to construct new storage 2
Financial Income Provide more income and jobs for locals 4 In construction stage might effecting local business if
build during tourist season
1
Durability New projects can improve durability 3 Constructing in marine area might result in less
durability
2
Accessibility River and land can be used to transport materials 3 Difficult to access from the land and river during
tourist season
2
Benefit For
Locals
Provide more job and income, and could help fishing
industry
4 Effecting local marina business and tourism 1
Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 2 It could be dangerous in during extreme weather in
flood risky area
3
Effect on Local
Business
Attracting more costumer for local business 5 none 0
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Limited to
Seasonal
All year round 4 Allow extra activities during tourist season 1
Maintenance Maintenance and service are provide more jobs 2 Regular maintain required 3
Multifunctional Store boats 2 Only marine purpose 3
Ingenuity Movable alternative method can be used 3 Cost more money 2
Total 64 36
Aquarium Table of Matrix (10)
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For
Locals
Provide more job by attracting visitors 4 Most of tourist visitors are coming during tourist season 1
Environmental No major impact on environment in particular and
creatures in general
2 Noise pollution during construction, and causing
imprisonment to creatures or marine life.
3
Tourist
Attraction
Attract more tourists 3 It is not the only aquarium in the area as there is another
one in Scarborough
2
Cost Fairly easy to construct 1 construction costs a lot of money 4
Traffic
Congestion
Visitors can use park and ride 1 The location of the aquarium would cause congestion
during high tourist seasons
4
Social Aspect Locals will like the idea of provide jobs and leisure 3 Locals may not agree because of environment impact 2
Architectural
Compatibility
Can be build the way it fits Whitby’s nature 2 Effecting the harbour area as it will build close to the river 3
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Parking Visitors can use park and ride during visiting 1 The location of the site would cause congestion during
high tourist seasons
4
Risk Safe if H&S rules followed 2 Location is in flood risk area 3
Construction
Time
Easy to construct as there is no existing building in the
chosen location
2 Project duration and material transportation would be an
issue
3
Financial Income Provide more income and job for local resident 3 Seasonal income 2
Durability Its durable 2 Local weather and flood risk reduce durability 3
Accessibility Easy to access from river and car park 3 Difficulty during tourist season 2
Benefit For
Locals
Would increase the employment for locals 3 Has impact on harbour spacing 2
Safety of User User follow safety procedure 2 Extra attention during cleaning tanks and maintenance 3
Effect on Local
Business
Attract more costumer in all season 3 Less attraction out of tourist season 2
Limited to
Seasonal
Could be all year around 4 Less tourist out of tourist season 1
Maintenance Easy to maintain 2 Regular maintain and service might be costly 3
Multifunctional Other businesses could include ( café, restaurant, etc.) 5 none 0
Ingenuity Unique or similar design to harbour existing building 2 Effect the scenery of harbour area 3
Total 50 50
Table of Matrix (11)
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Commercial development: pedestrians the swing bridge
Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate
Employment For Locals only the current employers 1 none new workers 4
Environmental reduce the CO2 emission 4 due to the machines some environmental damage will
be used
1
Tourist Attraction Tourist attraction will rise 3 No vehicles to bother them 2
Cost no cost to the council 5 none 0
Traffic Congestion only one river crossing will be available 1 will cause a major traffic jam on the high bridge 4
Social Aspect people will be happier due to the swing bridge will not
be demolished
4 It might affect Whitby historic landscape 1
Architectural Compatibility the swing bridge it will not stand out in Whitby 3 building the new bridge for vehicles may on fit well 2
Parking There are some parking area in the town 3 very difficult to get to the parking area 2
Risk no risk pedestrians 5 none 0
Construction Time no time needed 5 none 0
Financial Income there is no income to construct a new bridge 0 there is no income to construct a new bridge 5
Durability not durable 0 Might face major weather condition 5
Accessibility not easy access 1 major roads will be rerouted 4
Benefit For Locals Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge will
not be demolished
2 it might be a hustle to cross the river 3
Safety of User Safer for the people who dive the vehicles and the
pedestrians
4 There might be some accidents on the bridge 1
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Effect on Local Business hardly there are no benefits 1 it might affect some local business 4
Limited to Seasonal The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 5 The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 0
Maintenance regular maintenance is needed 1 regular maintenance is needed 4
Multifunctional pedestrians, boats and vehicles can use it 3 Not Multifunctional 2
Ingenuity this is not the best solution 2 this is not the best solution 3
Total 53 47
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Appendix C
Drawings
Recommended