Winchester Historic Sites Town Winchester Historic Sites.pdf · Winchester Historic Sites ......

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“Historyistheroadsignsonthejourneytothefuture.”

WinchesterHistoricSites

(AlphabeticalOrderonOldTownMap)

AmherstSt.NamedafterLordJeffreyAmherstinapproximately1758,whoreplacedLordLoudounascommanderoftheexpeditionaryforcesagainsttheFrenchintheFrench&IndianWar.

BeemerHouse(110W.BoscawenSt.)BeneaththeexteriorcoveringsisalogcabinbuiltbySusanBeemerc.1823.Herson,John,isthoughttohaveaddedthesecondstorylaterinthe19thcentury.ManylocalstructureseitherencloselogbuildingsorareonthesiteoforiginalloghouseshereinWinchester.

BraddockSt. NamedafterSirEdwardBraddock,theBritishleaderoftheexpeditionaryforceagainsttheFrenchintheFrench&IndianWar.BraddockwasseverelywoundedanddiedwithyoungGeorgeWashingtonathissideatFortDuquesne(modernPittsburgh)in1755.

BoscawenSt. NamedafterBritishAdmiralEdwardBoscawen,whosailedtothecoloniestopreyuponFrenchshipsreinforcingforceshereduringtheFrench&IndianWar.FormanyyearsthestreetwascalledWaterSt.duetothefrequencyofthetownruntofloodit.Finallyin1926itwasrestoredtoitsoriginalname,Boscawen.

CannonBallHouse(229S.LoudounStreet.)TheprevioushouseonthespottookacannonballthroughitduringtheUnionoccupationin1862.EitherasadangerousprankorerrantordinancefromStarFortmorethanamileaway,thecannonballpassedcompletelythroughthehouseandembeddedinthestreet.You’llfindamarkerandembeddedcannonballaroundthecornerinthesouthwallofwhatisnowanItalianrestaurant.Here’sanaccountbyWilliamRussellwhoheardthestoryfromtheunharmedoccupant:“Theballstruckthehouseat4:45a.m.Monday,Aug.18,1862.Itpassedcompletelythroughthehouse,enteringthroughthenorthwallandpassingthroughthesouthwall.TheballcametorestinCliffordSt.Aneighborwhoattemptedtopickitupburnedhishands.Mr.Connorpickeditupwithashovelandabucketandhaditplacedinthewallwhenitwasrepaired.”

CameronSt. NamedafterLordThomasFairfax,SixthBaronofCameron.HiscryptisinthesmallcourtyardnexttotheChristEpiscopalChurchonWBoscawen&SWashingtonStreets.LordThomaswasthesonofthefifthBaronofCameron,whoreceivedtheoriginallandgrantbyKingCharlesIIin1664,throughmarriagetoCatherine,thedaughterofLordAlexanderCulpeper.Henevercametothecoloniesalthoughhissondid.Thegrantcoveredallthelandfromtheheadwaters(headsprings)ofboththePotomacandRappahannockriverstotheirconvergencewiththeChesapeakeBay.Astaggeringterritoryofover5millionacres!TheheadwatersofthePotomacweremarkedwitharockwhichcanyetbeseeninWesternMarylandnearthestatelinewithWestVirginiawhensurveyedin1746byThomasLewis.

CecilSt. NamedafterCecilSt.inLondon,whichisnamedafterLordSirWilliamCecil(1520‐1590),SecretaryofStateandLordTreasurerunderQueenElizabeth..

CivilWarMuseumTheOldCourtHouseCivilWarMuseumisahistoricbuildingwithgraffitifrombothNorthernandSouthernsoldierswhichalsohousesanationallyrecognizedcollectionofover3,000CivilWarartifacts.SituatedontheLoudounStreetWalkingMallinOldTown,thisGeorgianstylecourthousewasusedasahospital,barracksandprisonbybothsidesduringtheWar.Admissionischargedanddiscountsgiventoseniors,military,andstudentswithID.

HoursofOperation:SUMMERHOURS‐May1throughOctober31MONDAYTHROUGHSATURDAY:10:00a.m.to5:00p.m.;SUNDAY:1:00p.m.to5:00p.m.;WINTERHOURS‐November1throughApril30WEDNESDAYTHROUGHSATURDAY:10:00a.m.to5:00p.m.;SUNDAY:1:00p.m.to5:00p.m.

CityStoryMarkerInterpretivemarkerexplainingthebeginningofthecommunity.Adocumented1738memoirofa“Mrs.Sperry”describesthefirstsettlementastwologcabinsoneithersideofTownRuninhabitedbyGermanfamilies.Col.JamesWoodfoundedthefirstsettlementasFrederickTownin1744,whichinlessthan10

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years,becauseofcollaborationwithLordThomasFairfax,becameWinchesterin1752afterWinchester,England,(Wood’splaceoforigin).

CliffordSt.NamedafterFirstBaronThomasClifford(1630‐1673),advisorandLordTreasurerofKingCharlesII.ThereisalsoastreetinLondonnamedafterhim.

CorkSt. ThoughttobenamedafterCorkStreetintheWestEndofLondon,whichconnectsCliffordSt.andBurlingtonGardens.

CourthouseTheOldCourtHousewasbuiltin1840toservethecitizensofWinchesterandFrederickCounty.Itwasconstructedonthesiteofthe1741courthousewhichwasthefirstcourthousebeyondtheBlueRidgeMountains.LocalcitizenWilliamGreenwayRussell(1800‐1891)describedthescenefromearlytimes:“Thecourthousesquarewasenclosedwithpostsandrails.Inthecenteroftheyardstood“BlackBetty”,thewhippingpostandalsothePillorywithaplatform;belowandsometenfeetup,therewasanotherplatformandPillory.”

DuringtheWarBetweentheStates,thebuildingservedasahospitalandprison.AroundthecourtlawnwasanironfenceinwhichbothUnionandConfederatePOWsweredetained,asweknowfromsketchesanddiariesoftheperiod.Winchesterchangedhandsover69‐99timesduringthewaraccordingtowhateverhistorianorexpertonewishestobelieve;sometimesseveraltimesinthesameday.Itisn’tlikelythatanyonekeptanactualcount,butitisknowntobemanytimes.We’retalkingtheCivilWar,WarBetweentheStates,WarofNorthernAggression,WarforSouthernIndependenceorwhateveronewishestouseasreferencetoanextremely,cruelandbloodyperiodofourcountry.(OnemustrememberWinchesterwasdirectlyinvolvedintheFrench&IndianWar,TheRevolutionaryWar,andtheWarof1812,considerablybeforethewarin1861‐1865,makingante‐bellumasomewhatconfusingdesignationhere.)Thereweren’tbattlesinvolvedwitheachCivilWarchange.Mostchangesoccurredwhenonesideortheotherfounditspositionuntenableandstrategicallywithdrew(“fled”)

Since the townwas the shippingpoint for goodsand supplies from theupperShenandoahValley and theB&Orailroadhubfromthenorth,itwasanexceptionallystrategicplacetobotharmies. ToparaphrasewhatThomas“Stonewall”JacksonsaidoftheShenandoahValleyisthathewhowinsthevalleywinsthewar.AlthoughJacksonwaskilledbeforetheend,Gen.PhillipSheridanalongwiththehelpofCol.ArmstrongCustertookthevalleyafterthe Battle of Cedar Creek (a huge re‐enactment held 15miles south ofWinchester annually in October on thepreservedbattlefield),andtheUnionultimatelywonthewarfromabarefootandstarvingConfederatearmy.

DanielMorganMemorial“TheAmericanfrontiermovementproducedfewindividualsaspicturesqueasDanielMorgan,”writesProfessorDonHigganbothaminhisbiographyoftheman.Yes,“OleMorgan”asheusedtoliketorefertohimself,wasone,rough,tough,brawling,uncouth,uneducatedfrontiersman,butundoubtedlyagreatleaderandfighter,justwhatourbuddingcountryrequiredatthetime.Initiallyhewasawagonerontheill‐fatedcampaignofLordBraddockandhisaide‐de‐campGeorgeWashington,butlaterbecameaBrigadierGeneralintheRevolutionaryWarandarighthandmanofGeorgeWashington.Hewasarough,toughfrontiersmanbyallaccountsandwasresponsiblefororiginatingtheMorganRiflemen(orRaiders),crackmarksmenfromtheWinchester/FrederickCountyareausingIndiantactics,whichwasoneofthefirstgroupsofmilitiatojoinWashingtoninthefightforindependence.HewastheheroofSaratogaandCowpensandwasveryegalitarianinhisviewsaboutthings.Forinstance,hebelievedgentlemenofficershadtherighttodieaswellastheirmen,whichwasextremelyadversetotheBritishcodeofmilitarychivalry!!HishomeinWinchesterisviewabletwoblockswestofthePedestrianMallat226AmherstSt.Healsohadafarm,Saratoga,about12milessoutheastofWinchesternearBoyce.

DiscoveryMuseumToignitecreativity,sparkcuriosityandinspirelearninginvisitorsofALLages,butESPECIALLYINCHILDREN,byprovidingarichvarietyofinteractivehands‐onexhibitsandprogramsfocusingonscience,mathematics,humanitiesandtheartsisthegoalofthemuseum.It’samust“DO”experienceforyoungvisitorsanytimeandoften!ThemuseumworkswiththeAssociationofChildren’sMuseums,AssociationofScience‐TechnologyCenters,andtheVirginiaAssociationofMuseums.Itissponsoredbynumerousareacorporatedonorsandprivatedonations.Anadmissionfeeischarged,butchildrenundertwoareFREE.Themuseumisslatedtomovetoanewlyrenovatedlocationat19W.CorkStreetinthenearfuture.

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HOURS:Monday–Saturday 9:00AM–5:00PMSunday 1:00PM–5:00PMSchoolorothergroupswelcomebyappointment.

DowdallHouse(21N.LoudounSt.)Thisstatelystonehouseisovertwohundredandtwentyyearsold!!!Amazinglyitwasthepreviousstructureonthislotwhichholdsthemostnotoriety.GeorgeWashingtonlivedatthepreviouslogstructure,whichwastheinnofWilliamCocks,between1775‐1778.DocumentationpreservedintheLibraryofCongressrecordsWashingtonandGeneralBraddockpaying5shillingsforlodgingatCocks’innin1755and40poundstorentCocks’entirehousein1756.

ThecurrenthousewasbuiltbylocalmerchantJamesDowdallin1792.HewasmuchinvolvedintheMasoniclodgeandservedasMasterseveraltimesfrom1768‐1785.HewasalsorecruitedbyDanielMorganforserviceintheRevolutionaryWarin1777.Thehousehasbeenrenovatedandbeautifullyrefurbishedwithinandcurrentlyhousesalawfirm.

EastLaneNamedforEastLaneinLondon,itwastheeasternboundaryfortheoriginaltownwhenJamesWooddesignedthecommunity.Itwasanimportantthoroughfareuntil1870whentheB&ORailroadwasextendedsouthtoStrasburg.Therailroadright‐of‐wayimposedobstructionsasareyetcircumventedtoday.SincetherailroadonlyextendedtoWinchester,itwasacriticalshippingpointnorthforvalleywheat,flax,livestock,andothercommoditiescomingdown(yes,northisdown!)thevalleyinwagons.TheShenandoahRiverisoneoftherareestuariesintheworldrunningsouthtonorth,makingWinchesterattheendofthevalley.

EdgeHill(315E.CorkSt.)Builtincirca1830(183‐years‐old)byRichardLauck,owneroftheRedLionTavern.Ironically,theoldhomenowservesasarespectedsubstanceabusetreatmentcenterandhasreceivedadditionsforthatpurpose

FairfaxLn.TheoriginalnorthernboundaryofWinchesterin1752andisnamedafterLordThomasFairfax.

FeltnerBuildingComplexThishistoricpropertyindowntownWinchester,formerlyknownas9CourtSquare,isacomplexofsevenbuildingssituatedonthefirstpubliclotssurveyedbyJamesWoodin1744,inwhatbecameWinchesterin1752.ThepropertywasadonationfromMr.WilburM.Feltnerin2011.Itsawmanyincarnationsovertheyears,hostingestablishmentsasvariedasthePalaceBar,lawoffices,thecountyclerk’sofficeandtheA&Nstore.In1994,Farmer&MerchantsBankPresidentWilburM.Feltnerannouncedplanstorenovatethe9CourtSquarecomplex.Theoverhaulofthepropertywasatwo‐year,multi‐milliondollarprojectthatbroughtamuch‐neededboosttoeffortstorevitalizeOldTownWinchester.

AmuseumisnowthecenterattractionoftheFeltnerBuilding.TheFeltnerMuseumincludesextensivememorabiliafromtheF&MBank,aswellastheantiqueoillampcollectiondonatedbyMrs.HelenFeltner,andMr.Feltner’sbeersteinscollectedintheirtravels.ThroughouttheMuseumarepaintingsandsculpturefromavarietyofartists.TheseincludeoriginaloilsfromMortKunstlerandpaintingsbyJohnChumley,LynnBlakemoor,LeRoyNeiman,JohnLeoneandDonBlack.TheMuseumisopenoneSaturdayafternooneachmonthduringtheacademicyear,orbyappointment.Admissionisfree.FormoreinformationabouthoursandvisitingtheMuseum,contactChristopherBeanat540‐665‐4553.

FeltnerInterpretiveMarkerInterpretivemarkerexplainingthebuildingscombinedfortheFeltnercomplexlocatedjustrightofthemallbuilding.

FriendshipFireHallOriginalbuildingofoneofthefourvolunteerfirecompaniesservingthecity.Thisbuildingservedformanyyearsbeforethenewfirehouseonthenorthsideoftownwasbuilt.

GlaizeHouse(112PiccadillySt.)Builtin1875byGeorgeGlaize(1827‐1896)whowasanofficerinthe23rdVirginiaCavalryandservedthroughouttheentirewar.Hebeganalumberbusinessin1854andpasseditontohissonFredL.Glaize,whoresidedinthefamilyhomeandbecamealeadingrealestatedeveloperandorchardistwith

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orchardsthroughoutthearea.HebequeathedthebusinesstohissonsFredL.GlaizeJr.andPhilipB.Glaize.Thefamilyisyetinvolvedintheapplebusinessamongotherthings.

Gen.DanielMorganHouse(226AmherstSt.)ThisimpressivedwellingonlyservedasBrigadierGeneralDanielMorgan’shomeforashorttime.ThelanditoccupieswassoldbyMaryWood,widowofCol.JamesWood,whoisatownfounder.PurchaserGeorgeNortonbegansouthwestsectionc.1786.Afterpurchasingit,Morgancompletedthehousein1800.Theprojectingbayofthebuildingwasaddedinthe20thcentury.

Morganwasaswash‐buckling,colorfulandtoughfrontiersmanthatbeganhismilitarycareerasawagonerontheill‐fatedBraddockcampaignalongwithGeorgeWashingtonintheFrench&IndianWar.HelaterorganizedMorgan’sRiflemen,crackmarksmenfromthelocalarea,whichwasoneofthefirstgroupstojointheRevolutionaryArmy.Washingtonrelieduponhisbraveryandleadershipfrequently.HedistinguishedhimselfinbattleatSaratogaandagainatCowpensdeliveringstingingdefeatstotheBritish.Healsoownedalargefarm,Saratoga,southeastabout12milesofWinchesteratasmalltownnamedBoyce.

GeorgeWashingtonHotel.The“grand”GeorgeWashingtonHotel,builtin1924andrecentlyluxuriouslyrenovatedbyWyndham,isappropriatelynamedforthesixteen‐year‐oldsurveyorofLordThomasFairfax’s5+millionacre“NorthernNeck”whowouldlaterbecometheFatheroftheNation.ItisundoubtedlythemostconvenientplacefromwhichtoseeOldTownWinchesterbecauseitisonthetourbeingontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces!AtTheGeorgeWashington,aWyndhamGrandHotel,thepristinebeautyoftheShenandoahValleyhastrulymetitsmatch.Withelegantmarbleflooring,soaringceilingheightsandtheoriginalfrontdesk,thisGeorgianRevival‐stylehotelstillhasalltheappealandambianceofabygoneera.Itoffersold‐worldcharm.Hereyou'llenjoyeverymodernconvenienceatravelercoulddesire;thehotelwasfullyrestoredin2008afterathoughtful$30millionrenovation.

BesuretogawkatthesplendoroftheballroomwherenumerouscelebritiessuchasBingCrosby,BobHope,BettyCrocker,“Hopalong”Cassidy,JackDempsey,LucilleBallandmanymoreinvolvedwiththespringAppleBlossomFestivalmadeappearance.TheGWHstaffalsowillhappilydirectyoutothesitesofthistwoandahalfcenturyhistoricaltreasuretroverightaroundthecorner!Alsoaskfortheprintedhistoryofthehoteltofullyappreciatethesite.Also,TheDancingGoat,anonsitefinediningrestaurant,offersbreakfast,lunchanddinneratmoderateprices.

GeorgeWashington’sIn‐lot&Out‐lotWashingtonpurchasedIn‐Lot#77(c.1756)fromCol.JamesWoodonthecornerofBraddockSt.andFairfaxLn.andanaccompanyingOut‐LotaboutthreequartersofamileeastonwhatisnowNationalAve.,Route7,theoldBerryvillePike.Botharemarkedwithhistoricalmarkers.In‐Lotswereapproximately120x190feetandwereintendedfordwellingandbusinesshouses.Therewere80totalinWoodsoriginaltownplan.Out‐lotswereofahalfacreormoreandintendedforgardens,livestockandothernecessitiesnotsuitabletoagenteelsettlement.Itsurelyhadtobearevolutionaryurbandevelopmentplanforthemid1700s!Whataconcept!Imagineatownwhichwasplanned,notonewhichjust“happened”;andthiswasthe“frontier”atthat!

GeorgeWashington’sOfficeMuseum Documentation as to exactly who built this structure and when isuncertain. Somehistorians believe it to have beenusedbyGeorgeWashington from1748‐1758 serving as hisofficeasayoungsurveyorhereandlaterasmilitaryheadquarterswithhisbeingthecommanderofthemilitia.Ifaccurate,thehouseisabout265yearsold,atleastthecentralblockhouseportionofit.ItisrelativelycertainthatWashingtonusedthebuildingashisofficebetween1755‐1756,whilehesupervisedthebuildingofFortLoudounwherehelatertookupresidence.ThehousecameintopossessionofAdamKurtzin1778.KurtzissaidtohavebeenoneoftheMorganRiflemen,whofoughtvaliantlyintheRevolutionaryWar.TheKurtzfamilypasseddownand lovingly cared for thebuilding inhonorand remembranceofGeorgeWashingtonuntil 1908when theCityCouncilpurchaseditwiththeintentionofpreservingitforposterity.

LocatedonthegroundsareacannonbroughtbyGeneralBraddocktoAlexandriaandamemorialstatuetotheyoungsurveyorwhostartedhisadultlifeandcareerrighthereinWinchester.Thecannonisonlyoneofthemanyartifactsdisplayedatthemuseum.(We’retalkingover250yearsagohere!)Thecurrentexhibitisentitled

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“WashingtonandtheWest”displayingsomeofWashington’spersonaleffectslikesurveyingequipmentandascalemodelofthetownofWinchesterc.1755withFortLoudounlocatedprominentlyonthenorthendoftown.

Thebuildingisnowa“mustsee”museumrunbytheWinchester‐FrederickCountyHistoricalSociety.TheSocietyoperates threemuseums in town:GeorgeWashington’sOfficeMuseum,Abram’sDelight (OVER250YEARSOLDAND PRESERVED), and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson’s HeadquartersMuseum. The HollingsworthMill (built in1833bythegreat‐grandsononeofthefirstsettlersinthearea)servesasheadquartersforthesocietyandhousessome very interesting artifacts and displays. A circa 1780 log structure at Abram’sDelight is also on the tour.Visitorsmaypurchaseablockticketforallthesesitesatanyoneofthethreemuseums.Price:Adults$10;Seniors$9;Students(K‐12)$4;Family$20

ADMISSIONINFORMATIONforGEORGEWASHINGTONOFFICEMUSEUM

Season:OpendailyApril1throughOctober31

Hours:Monday–Saturday10amto4pm.Sunday:12pmto4pm

Admission:Adults$5;Seniors$4.50;Students(K‐12)$2.50;Family$12

Inquireaboutschedulinglargegroups.

Great“Waggon”RoadStandinthemiddleofthepedestrianmallandlooktothenorthandthentothesouth.Envisionbison,deer,elk,wolves,mountainlions(“tigers”)andotheranimalsmigratingalongitsheavilyforestedroute,forthousandsofyears!It’sactuallyhowitbegan.Throughtoday’swalkingmall,whichjustoverwentamulti‐milliondollarrenovation,onceranLoudounStreet,FrederickTown’smainstreetin1744andlaterWinchester’smainstreetin1752.Itwasanimportantstopontheroadonwhichitisestimatedthat50millionpeople’sprogenitorstraveled.ItextendedfromPhiladelphiathroughPennsylvania,Maryland,andVirginiatoapproximatelyRoanokewhereitsplitintoseveralroadstothewesternCarolinasand,mostsignificantly,westthroughtheCumberlandGap.DanielBoone(whosewifewasbornonafarmareajustnorthofWinchester)traversedthisoldanimal/Indianpath,mostcommonlyknownastheWildernessRoad,toopenupcivilizationtoKentuckyandthewest.OnlyasmallpercentageofpeopletraversedovertheBlueRidgetosettleinthevalley.

The“GreatWaggonRoad”hasseveralpartsandiscalledbymanynames.Since“Indians”usedthemillennium‐oldanimaltrailstonavigatethewilderness,itwasearlycalledtheIndianRoadorPath,alsotheGreatWarriorsRoadorPath.OthernamesusedinreferencetoitareTheWildernessRoadandTheGreatPhiladelphiaWagonRoadamongothers.ItwasnotedonthehistoricJefferson–FryeMappublishedin1751(PeterJefferson,Yes,FoundingFatherThomas’Father,andJoshuaFry)asthe“WaggonRoad”extendingthrough“FrederickTownorWinchester”.Itwasacriticalandwell‐usedroadduringtheCivilWar,andtodayitislargelytheroadbedforUSRoute11,andofcourse,Winchester’soldmainstreet.

FewtrailsinearlyAmericaweremoreimportantthantheIndianroutewhichextendedeastoftheAppalachiansfromPennsylvaniatoGeorgia.ThetrailsbeganwiththemigrationofanimalsforthousandsofyearsintheShenandoahValley,mostnotablythebisonorwhatweusuallyrefertoasbuffalo.(Yes,abuffalo,ormorescientifically,abison.ThefamilyhistoryoftheHollingsworth’s,oneofthefirsttwosettlersinthearea,informsusthatAbraham’sfatherwaskilledbyabullbuffaloonhisvisittoAbram’sDelightin1737!)Theaboriginalpeoplesadoptedthesetrailsaswaysthroughthewildernessforcenturies.ThisancientIndianRoadorWarriors'PathwaslongusedbyIroquoistribesmanofthenorthtocomesouthandtradeormakewarinVirginiaandtheCarolinas.Then,byaseriesoftreatieswiththepowerfulFiveNationsoftheIroquois,theEnglishacquiredtheuseoftheWarriors'Path.After1744,theytookoverthelanditself.

Thegrowthoftherouteafter1744intotheprincipalhighwayofthecolonialbackcountry(perhapsthefrontierversionoftheinterstate!)isanimportantchapterinthedevelopmentofthisnation.OvertheGreatPhiladelphiaWagonRoad,vastnumbersofEnglish,Scotch‐Irish,andGermanicsettlersenteredthiscontinentandclaimedlands.Again,approximately50millionpeopleintheUScantracetheirheritagetothe“GreatWaggonRoad”,itisestimated.

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Theendlessprocessionofnewsettlers,Indiantraders,soldiers,andmissionariesswelledastheRevolutionapproached."Inthelastsixteenyearsofthecolonialera,"wrotethehistorianCarlBridenbaugh,"southboundtrafficalongtheGREATPhiladelphiaWagonRoadwasnumberedintensofthousands;itwasthefirstpaved(macadamized)roadinthecountryandthemostheavilytraveledroadinallAmerica,andmusthavehadmorevehiclesjoltingalongitsroughandtortuouswaythanallothermainroadsputtogether."

HandleyLibraryTheHandleyLibraryopenedin1913andisprobablythebestexampleofBeaux‐ArtsarchitectureinVirginia.Itisamorebeautifulbuildingontheinterior,wellworthyourtimetovisit.Itfeaturesathreestoryrotunda,interiorstained‐glassdome,exteriorcopperdome,historiclightfixtures,andglassstackfloors.LocatedinthebasementaretheStewartBellJr.ArchivesthathouseacomprehensivecollectionofmaterialspertainingtotheShenandoahValleyfrom1732topresent.JudgeJohnHandleyofScranton,Pennsylvanialeft$250,000inhiswillto“...openaPublicLibraryforthefreeuseofthepeopleofthecityofWinchesterforever.”Anadditionwasaddedtothebuildingin1979andacompleterenovation,designedbyDennisKowalArchitects,wascompletedin2001.HandleyalsoleftmoneytobuildabeautifulhighschoolbearinghisnamelocatedatValleyAve.andJohnHandleyBlvd.aboutamilesouthofthemall.

HollidayHouseTheoriginalportionofthishousewasbuiltin1797byWilliamHolliday,amerchant,wholivedinthedwellingformorethanfiftyyears.Hisgrandson,FrederickWilliamHolliday,wasacolonelintheConfederatearmy,losinghisarmintheBattleofCedarCreek(ahugere‐enactmentheld15milessouthofWinchesterannuallyinOctoberonthepreservedbattlefield)in1864.Hewaslatercalledthe“one‐armedheroofCedarCreek”andwaselectedGovernorofVirginiain1877.Hissonandgrandsonbecameverycapablephysicians.Noticethe“glazedheaders”(theshinynarrowendofthebrick)usedontheoriginalwallsmakingthedivisionbetweenthesecondandthirdlevelsquiteapparentonthenorthendofthebuilding.Yearsagoitwasaverypopularicecreamparlorandnowhousesarestaurant.

HopewellCentreFriendsMeetingHouseIn1776,HopewellrecordsshowthatFriends"nearIsaacParkins"weregivenpermissiontoholdameetingforworship.ThiswasIsaacParkins,Jr.TheymetattheParkinshome,called"Milltown"andlatercalled"WillowLawn."IsaacParkins,Jr.providedlandwhereameetinghouseandgraveyardwereestablished.Centre(sometimesspelledCenter)Meetingwascompletedin1778.Thisbuilding,presumablyawoodenstructure,servedtheQuakersinWinchesteruntilabout1820.

In1816,RobertWoodconveyedtoSarahZanefourlots,whichnowcomprisethe600blockofWashingtonStreet(Washington,Monmouth,StewartandGermain).SarahZanewasadevoutFriendwholivedinPhiladelphiaandvisitedWinchesteroftentovisitherbrother,Gen.IsaacZane,Jr.Whenshediedin1821,sheleft$1,000toWinchesterto"purchaseaFireEngineandHosetobekeptinbestrepairwithmyaffectionandgratitude.",andconsequentlybecametheSarahZaneFireCompany.EventuallyitclosedandnowistheOldTownClubusedforcivicmeetings.

In1817SarahZaneconveyedthefourlotstothetrusteesofCenterMeetingandanewmeetinghousewasbuiltoverthenextseveralyears.FriendsinWinchestermetatthislocationuntiltheCivilWarwhenthepropertywasdestroyed.In1870,theypurchasedalotonthenorthwestcornerofWashingtonandPiccadillyStreetsandthenewmeetinghousewascompletedin1872.Thisbuildingstillstandsandhasbeenusedcontinuouslysincethattime.

IndianAlleyDocumentationonhowIndianAlleyreceiveditsnamehasnotbeenfound.LocalloresaysthatitwaseitheronceanactualIndianPathorbecauseitwasbehindtheinnswherethestablesexisted(andIndiansdidnotsleepindoorsbutratherwiththehorseswhenintown)thatitisagreeduponasthemorelikelymorescenario.ItwasthewesternboundaryoftheoriginaltowndesignedbyJamesWood.

KentSt.NamedafterLeedsCastleinKentCounty,England,whereLordThomasFairfaxwasborn.ApartofLondoniswithinthiscounty.

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Kurtz&Bro.BuildingTheKurtzbrotherswerecabinetandfurnituremakes.Ofcoursebecausetheymadecasketsalso,theirestablishmentservedasamortuaryalso.Noticethefrontsouthwestcornerofthebuilding.Itisreportedthattheroundededgeistheresultofnumerouswagonsscrapingitovertheyears.AlsonoticetheCivilWarMarkeraroundthecorner.”?

LoganHousePerhapsthegrandestofalltheoldhomesistheLoganHousebuiltbyLloydLogan,awealthytobaccomerchant,inapproximately1848.Unfortunately,theLogansdidn’tenjoyitformanyyearssinceitwasseizedin1863bytwosuccessiveUniongenerals,MilroyandlaterSheridan.LocaldiariststellusthatMrs.MilroydemandedafinehomeofherhusbandifsheweretojoinhiminWinchester.Milroyconsequentlychoseprobablythefinestofthetime.SecessionistdiaristMrs.HughHolmesLeedescribeditasfollows:“April7,1863:Mrs.Loganandfamilyweresentsouthtodayaftermostoutrageoustreatment.Theywerenotallowedtotakeasinglearticle,excepttheirclothes,noteventheirsilver.Beforetheydroveoff,Mrs.Milroyarrivedandtookpossession.”

Usingitasheadquarters,itwasfromthisbuildingthatSheridanbeganhislegendaryridesouth15milestorallyhistroopsagainstwhatappearedtobeapotentialsouthernroutatCedarCreek.His“ride”wasimmortalizedinThomasBuchananRead’s1912poem,“Sheridan’sRide”.SheridanhadjustarrivedfromtheRemountStationinFrontRoyalaftermeetingwithLincolninWashington,D.C.whenhewasinformedofthe“strategicretreat”atCedarCreekontheBelleGroveplantation(ahugere‐enactmentheld15milessouthofWinchesterannuallyinOctoberonthepreservedbattlefield).TheRemountStationinFrontRoyalisnowthesiteoftheSmithsonianNationalZooExperimentalCenterwheredozensofspecies,nolongerfoundinthewild,onlyexistthere.Thecenterisonlyopenonceyearlytothepublicbecauseofthethreatofharmtotheserareanimals.

LoudounStNamedafterLordJohnCampbell,FourthEarlofLoudoun(1705‐1782),whowasappointedCaptain‐GeneralandGovernor‐in‐ChiefofthecolonyofVirginiain1756andamonthlaterCommander‐in‐ChiefoftheBritishforcesinAmericaduringtheFrench&IndianWar.

MasonicLodge(118N.Loudoun)OnOctober1,1768,theProvincialGrandLodgeofPennsylvaniagrantedawarrant,orcharter,toanumberofMasonslivinginornearWinchestertoformaLodge,tobeknownasWinchesterLodgeNo.12.ThiswasthefirstMasonicLodgeestablishedwestoftheBlueRidgeMountains,andthefirstinVirginiatobedesignatedbyanumber.Thecharternamedthreemembers,whoweretobetheStationOfficersoftheLodge,butatthefirstmeetingtherewerefourmemberspresent.BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionaryWar,theLodgehad21members.

TheleaderofthemovementtoformaMasonicLodgeinWinchesterwasJamesDowdall(of21S.LoudounSt.),whowasnamedCharterMaster.ThedateofhisarrivalinWinchesterisunknown,buthebecameaprosperousmerchantandimporterofgoodsfromEurope.HeservedintheRevolutionasa"Cadet"inCompany7ofDanielMorgan'sRegimentofRiflemen.MorganAlexander,amemberofWinchesterLodgeNo.12,wasCaptainofthiscompany.ThisregimentservedwithdistinctionandwonrenowninthebattlesaroundSaratoga,NewYork.TheWinchesterLodgedidsuggestthatGeorgeWashingtonbeselectedGrandMaster,butGeorgeWashingtonwasaskedtobeGrandMaster.Herefusedbecauseofthepressureofotherbusiness(thiswasthewinterofValleyForge)andbecauseatthattimehehadneverservedasMasterofaLodge.However,accordingtoalocalFreeMason,WashingtonlaterservedasMasteroftheAlexandriaLodge,asasittingpresident.AlsoPresidentHarryTrumanservedastheGrandMasterinMissouriasasittingpresident.UnionCaptainWilliamMcKinleywasinductedintotheFreeMasonsimmediatelyaftertheCivilWarinabuildingnexttotheVirginiaNationalBank(186N.LoudounSt.)uponwhichisacommemorativeplaque.HelaterbecamePresidentoftheUnitedStatesin1897andwasassassinatedin1901.AsthearmywasusingtheMarketHouse,thesemeetingswereheldat172N.LoudounStreet.

Miller’sApothecary(107N.LoudounSt.)HereiswhereyoungGeorgeWashingtonwouldhavefilledhisprescriptions!GodfreyandPeterMillerbeganthebusinessin1764afterpurchasingthetwo‐storylogstructurebuiltbymerchantSamuelRea.EventuallybecomingMiller’sDrugStore,itstayedinthefamily’shandsandoperateduntilclosingin1992(249years!!).GeorgeMillerIIbuiltthiscurrentFederalstylebuildinginthe1800’s.Thebuildingisknownas“theoldestcontinuingfamily‐rundrugstoreinAmerica.”Thefrontsectionwasaddedoninthe1800stoanolderexistingstructure.Originalledgers,medicalbooksandsuppliesdatingbackto1806,are

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currentlyhousedatShenandoahUniversity’sBernardJ.DunnSchoolofPharmacyforresearchanddisplaypurposes.Anelderlygentlemanintownrecallsthattheymade“thebestsundaesintown”..LocalwriterMacRutherfordwritesinhisbookHistoricHauntsofWinchester(www.historypress.net)thatthebuildingishaunted!

MountHebronCemeteryMountHebronCemeteryisauniquecommunityinstitution.Itisacomplexoffouradjoiningburyinggroundsembracedwithinacommonenclosure.Theoneandone‐fourthacresectioninitsnorthwestcorner(atWoodstockandEastLanes)isthecemeterythatsurroundedtheoldGermanReformedChurch.Itcontainsmarkedgravesdatingfrom1769.Inasmuchasthechurch(ofwhichnotraceremains)isbelievedtohavebeenerectedabouttenyearsearlier,wemayconjecturethatthisspothasbeenaburyingplaceformorethantwocenturies.

RevolutionaryWarGeneralDanielMorgan,southernConfederateCavalryheroTurnerAshby,hisbrother,philanthropistsJudgeJohnHandleyandCharlesBroadwayRouss,whoin1891donatedthehandsomeironpicketfenceerectedtoenclosethefourcemeteriesandin1902thelimestonetowergate,containingthesuperintendent’shomeandofficeareallburiedhere.

Twenty‐twoyearsaftertheestablishmentofMountHebronCemetery,afourthcontiguousburyinggroundwasdedicatedin1866amidsolemnandimpressiveceremonies.StonewallCemeteryisthelastrestingplaceforthebodiesof2,576Confederatesoldierswhodiedinthefieldsandhospitalsofthislocality.Some7,000to10,000confederateandUnionsoldiersareestimatedtobeburiedinandaroundWinchester.HandsomemonumentshavebeenerectedherebyvariousStatesandindividuals,andeveryyearsince1866thegravesaredecoratedandappropriatememorialceremoniesheld.ItwastheexploitsinthisvicinityofthesevaliantsoldiersandtheirleadersandthelocationhereofthiscemeterywhichfirstattractedJudgeJohnHandley,ofPennsylvaniatoWinchesterandresultedinhisgenerousbenefactionstothiscity.AlthoughhehadneverlivedinWinchester,hesoughtandobtainedaplotascloseaspossibletoStonewallCemeteryforhisownlastrestingplace.

OldStoneChurchKnownhereastheOldStoneChurchforover150years,itwastheOldPresbyterianChurchbuiltbymembersofthesectin1788.Itisover225yearsoldandwasabandonedin1834foranewfacility.TheOldSchoolBaptistChurchofColorandtheBaptistChurchofWinchesteruseditfrom1879‐1929.LocaldiariststellusthattheUnionarmystabledhorsesinitandalsouseditforstoringarmsandexplosivesduringtheCivilWar.TwoofthegreatestfearsoflocalcitizensduringthewarwerethatUnionforceswouldfirethetownandexplodetheordinanceintheOldStoneChurchononeofitsmany“strategicretreats”!

OldTaylorHotelBushrodTaylorbuiltandopenedhislargehotelin1848onthesamesiteofapreviouslogstructure,theMcGuireHotelorTavern,occupiedfrombeforetheRevolutionaryWar.TheMcGuireHotelburneddown.TheTaylorlocateddowntownontheValleyPike(modernUS11),servedmanytravelersandwasabaseformailandpassengerstagecoachesfromatleast1850.General“Stonewall”Jacksonusedthebuildingashisfirstheadquartersinthefallof1861whilecommanderoftheValleyDistrict.FollowingtheFirstBattleofKernstowninMarch,1862andtheThirdBattleofWinchesterinSeptemberof1864,thehotelwasoneofmanybuildingscrowdedwithwounded.AfixtureofWinchester’sdowntownthroughmuchofthetwentiethcentury,asatheater,departmentstore,andtelecomcenter,thebuildinghasbeenvacantsince2004,anditsconditionhasdeteriorated,especiallyafterapartialroofcollapsein2007.TheTaylorwastheheightofluxuryinthevalleyatitstime.

In2011,theEconomicDevelopmentAuthoritypurchasedtheblightedTaylorHotelwiththeintenttoreturnthebuildingintoasuccessfulandcontributingmemberoftheLoudounStreetMall.AfterthemiddleportionofthebuildingcollapsedinOctober2007,renovatingthehistoricstructureprovedtobeachallenge.Butaftermanyyearsofwaiting,thepeopleofWinchesterwillsoonbeabletoenjoythisoncevibrantandsignificantpieceofWinchesterhistory.Throughtheuseofhistorictaxcredits,federalandstategrantsandprivateinvestment,theCity’sEconomicDevelopmentAuthoritybeganrestorationeffortslastfall.TheTaylorHotelbuildinghasalwaysbeenafocalpointontheLoudounStreetMall.Oncetherenovationiscomplete,itwillfinallybeabletocontributetothevitalityofthedowntownareawhileofferingaplacetodine,live,shopandrelax.

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OrrickHouse(15S.BraddockSt.)ProbablybuiltjustbeforetheCivilWar,itwaspurchasedin1891byRobertOrrick,aprominentAfrican‐AmericancitizenofWinchester,wholeftalegacyofcommunityspiritlastinguntiltoday.Bornaslave,hebecameaminister,forcefulspeaker,successfulbusinessmanandrealestateownerafterbuyinghisfreedomthroughhisextraordinaryenterprise.HisliverybusinesscontractedwiththeFederalgovernmenttodelivermailtoisolatedareas.WhenOrrickdiedin1902,hiswealthwasestimatedat$25,000roughlyequivalenttomorethanahalf‐milliondollarsintoday’sworth.HedonatedlandandbuiltachurchinStephensCityandthelandforthepresent‐dayAfrican‐AmericanCemeteryonthesouthendoftown,SouthwerkandValleyAvenue.LocalwriterMacRutherfordwritesinhisbookHistoricHauntsofWinchester(www.historypress.net)thatthebuildingishaunted!!

PatsyClineHouse/MuseumThePatsyClineHistoricHouseisontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesandtheVirginiaLandmarksRegister.Patsyresidedherefrom1948‐57,longerthanatanyotherhouseassociatedwithherintheWinchesterandNashvilleareas,andshereturnedtoitintermittentlyuntilhersingingcareerbeganin1957.ThehouseservesasaproudtestamenttoPatsy'sloveoffamily.HerdevotedandinfluentialrelationshipwithhermotherandtheirdriveanddeterminationlaunchedPatsy'scareer.Thehouse,furnishedwithsomepersonalitems,appearsaswhenPatsyandherfamilylivedthere.Approximately,4½shortblockssouthoftheMallonKentStreet.

Hours: April2–October31,2013(ClosedonMondays)

TuesdaythroughSaturday10:00amto4:00pm,toursscheduledevery45minutes:10:00am;10:45am;11:30am;12:15pm;1:00pm;1:45pm;2:30pm;andlasttour3:15pm

Sundays1:00pmto4:00pm,toursscheduledevery45minutes:1:00pm;1:45pm;2:30pm;andlasttour3:15pm

Lengthoftours–45minutes,allowsforguidedtourandgiftshop

PiccadillySt.Namedafterthefamousmile‐longPiccadillySt.inLondon,whichisfamousforitsWest‐endbusinesslocationsanditsEast‐endaristocraticresidencesandfashionableclubs.Incidentally,PiccadillyCircusisnotacircusasweknowitwithclowns,elephantsandsuch,butratheraroundedareainLondon(fromtheLatinrootmeaningcircle)whichconnectsPiccadillySt.withothers.It’sverybusy,muchlikeTimesSquareinNewYorkCity.AcommonjokeinLondonisthatifyoustayinPiccadillyCircuslongenough,you’llmeeteveryoneyouknow!AlsothecodenamefortherendezvousofshipsonD‐Daywas“PiccadillyCircus”!!

PoliceStationBeinganindependentpoliticalentity,WinchesterhasitsownpolicedepartmentwithofficeslocatedeastofthePedestrianMalloffPiccadillySt.FrederickCountySheriffOfficeislocatedeastofI‐81offtheFrontRoyalPike.Rt.522S

PostOffice22601AsmallPostOfficeismaintainedonthenorthendofthePedestrianMall.ThemainPostOfficeislocatedonthenortheastcornerofBerryvilleAve.&PleasantValleyRoad,notfarfromWashington’sOut‐lot.TheoriginalpostofficewasalogbuildingonthecornerofBraddockandPiccadillyStreets,presentlythesiteofJohnHandleyLibrary.DuringtheCivilWar,WarbetweentheStates,WarofNorthernAggression,WarforSouthernIndependenceorwhateveronewishestouseasreferencetoanextremely,cruelandbloodyperiodofourcountry,thePostOfficewasrunbyapro‐UniongentlemanfromMaine(federalemployee).Forsolelyhissentiments,theConfederateArmyarrestedhimandimprisonedhiminMartinsburg,wherehediedbecausehewasinhissickbedwhentaken.Hisdaughter,JuliaChase,wroteadiaryduringthewarasanumberofother“Secessionist”womenintown;however,hershadacompletelyNorthernslantunliketheothers.SheisburiedinMt.HebronCemetery.

RedLionTavern(204&208S.LoudounSt.)Thishandsome,225+‐year‐old,well‐preservedbuildingwasbuiltbyPeterLauckcirca1783,amemberofMorgan’sRiflemenwhomadethehistorical”BeelineMarch”toBostonin1775tojoinWashingtoninthefightforindependence.LauckwasseverelywoundedbyacannondischargewhichbursthiseardrumsandcausedpermanentdeafnessattheBattleofQuebec.TheTavernsurelysawmanynotablefiguresthroughoutit’stimewhichunfortunatelyarenotdocumented.Itisknownthatthenorthsectionofthebuildingsawuseasatavernandthesouthsectionsawuseaslodging.PresentlythebuildingisownedbyNationalFoodProductCompanyInc.(WhitehouseApplesauce!!andproducts)whichoperatesthequaintCountryStoreto

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highlightitsproducts.BesuretovisittoseetheinsideandthewonderfulStonewallJacksonportraitoverthefireplacemantle!

ReedHouse(35W.Piccadilly)Builtcirca1798byGeorgeReed,acoppersmith,whosebusinesswasinthenextbuildingonthecorner.Reed,anIrishimmigrantin1766,wasaprominentmemberofthecommunity,servingasmayor,magistrateandtheHighSherriffofFrederickCounty.HewasalsoaveryearlyleaderintheMethodistchurchofWinchester.

RestRoomsPublicrestroomsaretobefoundonthesouthendofthewalkingmallacrossfromtheDiscoveryMuseum.

RoussFireHallTheoldestfirehouseyetinuseintheCommonwealthofVirginiasaysthevolunteerfirefighterhistorian,JustinBowers!TheCharleyRoussFireCompanyInc.isoneoffourvolunteerfirecompaniesintheCityofWinchesterVirginia.RoussprovidestruckcompanyoperationsforthecityaswellasvehicleextricationwhileFriendship,Shawnee,andSouthEndprovideenginecompanyoperationsandEMStransports.Allequipmentandthebuildingbelongtothevolunteers;thetownstaffsitwithpaid,careerfirefighterstoassistthevolunteers.Askforanamazingfreetourandallowyourselfatleastanhour!!Besuretoaskwheretheterm“fireplug”originatedandwheretosee“OldJake”.BEFOREWARNED,however,ifthere’safire,yourguidehasTOGO!!It’sabeautifuloldbuildingmadepossiblebylocal“rags‐to‐riches”philanthropistCharleyBroadwayRouss,whoalsodonatedtobuildthecityhallnamedafterhimandthestructuresandfenceatMountHebronCemetery.

RuinsofOldGermanLutheranChurch(Mt.HebronCemetery)Builtinstagesbetween1764to1785,allremainingoftheGermanLutheranChurcharetheseruinsafterburningdownin1854.Withtheirhighregardforeducation,thecongregationbuiltaschoolfirst,andheldservicesinituntilitcouldbuildthechurch.ThechurchwasusedtohouseHessianandEnglishPOWsafterthesurrenderofCornwallisatYorktownintheRevolutionaryWar.AsignificantGermanpopulationsettledinWinchesterduetomigrationdownTheGreatWagonRoadfromPennsylvania.TheaccompanyingcemeterywaswheremanysoldierswereburiedduringtheCivilWarwithasmanyasfivetoagravesaysonelocaldiaristofthetime!TheoverwhelmingnumbersledtotheStonewallandNationalCemeteriesaswellasMt.HebronCemetery.

SarahZaneFireHallTheSarahZaneFireCompany,theoldestfirecompanyinthehistoryofWinchester,wasfoundedin1840andnamedforitfirstbenefactorSarahZane.BornandraisedinPhiladelphia,SarahwasthesisterofIsaacZaneJr.,animportantQuakerentrepreneurandrevolutionary.AlthoughfromPhiladelphia,SarahZanespentagreatdealofherlifeasaresidentofWinchestermanagingIsaac’sestateintheareaafterhisdeath.Shediedin1821andinherwillleftWinchesterthemoneytobuyafireengineandhose.TheSarahZaneFireCompany,whichwaslocatedatthenortheastcorneroftheintersectionofFairfaxLaneandNorthLoudounSt.ceasedoperationsinthe1980s.

SherrardHouse(117–121S.LoudounSt.)Thisbeautifullimestonebuildingisover200yearsold!!Builtcirca1788byRobertSherrard,amerchant,itwasbothastoreinthesouthendandaresidenceinthenorthend.ThepropertyremainedintheSherrardfamilyuntil1851.ItiscurrentlyownedbyMr.andMrs.JamesRileyandhousestheiraccountingfirmandcapitalinvestmentfirm.

StonewallJacksonHeadquarters/MuseumThishouseservedasGeneralThomasJ.“Stonewall”Jackson’sheadquartersduringthewinterof1861‐62andisaVirginiaandNationalHistoricLandmark.ItisimportanttorealizethatoneviewsthebackofthehousefromthecurrentstreetduetothetowngrowingarounditsinceoccupiedbyJacksonandhiswife.Thehousewasbuiltin1854byWilliamFuller.Eventually,itcameintothepossessionofLewisT.Moore,aLt.ColonelintheFourthVirginiaVolunteersduringtheCivilWar.HeinvitedJacksontousehishome.OneofMoore’sdescendants,actressMaryTylerMoorewasinstrumentalintherestorationofthehome.

ThehouseholdsthelargestcollectionofJacksonmemorabiliaandalsopersonalobjectsfrommembersofhisstaff.ThemuseumhasondisplayJackson’spersonalprayertable,initialedprayerbookandotherJacksonfamilyartifacts.JacksonwasknowntobeanextremelydevoutChristian.ThemuseumhonorsthememoryofGeneralJackson’smilitarygeniusasGeneralRobertE.Lee’smostvaluableofficer.Hissincerity,fervorandvalormoved

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men’sspiritstofollowhimagainstanyodds.GeneralJackson’sofficeisessentiallythesameaswhenheuseditpreservingtheessenceofatruesouthernhero.Incidentally,Jacksonreceivedhisnickname“Stonewall”attheFirstBattleofManassas(BullRun)intheafternoonofJuly21st,1862.MeetingGeneralBee’stroopsretreatinginincreasingdisorder,headvancedwithabatterytoaridgebehindtheRobinsonHouseandtenaciouslyheldthepositionuntilBee’stroopsralliedathisrear.“LookatJacksonstandingtherelikeastonewall,”wasthesentencethatgavebirthtohishistoricnickname.BylegenditwasGeneralBeewhoutteredthesewords,justbeforehefelladding:“RallyonVirginians!”

Visitorsmaypurchaseablockticketforallthesesitesatanyoneofthethreemuseums.Price:Adults$10;Seniors$9;Students(K‐12)$4;Family$20

ADMISSSIONINFORMATIONforSTONEWALLJACKSONOFFICEMUSEUM

Season:OpendailyApril1throughOctober31

Hours:Monday–Saturday10amto4pm.Sunday:12pmto4pm

Admission:Adults$5;Seniors$4.50;Students(K‐12)$2.50;Family$12

Inquireaboutschedulinglargegroups.

TombofLordFairfaxLordThomasFairfax,SixthBaronofCameron,isinterredatChristChurch.HiscryptisinthesmallcourtyardnexttothechurchonWBoscawen&SWashingtonStreets.In1925hisremainsweremovedfrombeneaththefloorofthechurchtothecourtyardcryptafterrenovations.LordThomaswasthesonofthefifthBaronofCameron,whoreceivedtheoriginallandgrantbyKingCharlesIIin1664,throughmarriagetoCatherine,thedaughterofLordAlexanderCulpeper.Fairfaxnevercametothecoloniesalthoughhissondid.Thegrantcoveredallthelandfromtheheadwaters(headsprings)ofboththePotomacandRappahannockriverstotheirconvergencewiththeChesapeakeBay,aterritoryover5millionacres!!LordFairfaxwasaco‐founderofWinchesteralongwithCol.JamesWood

WilliamsHouse(25W.PiccadillySt.)Thisuniqueandgraciousbuildingwasbuiltcirca1845byPhillipWilliams,theCommonwealthAttorneyforShenandoahandWarrenCountiesandrepresentativeofShenandoahCountyintheVirginiaHouseofDelegates.HebelongedtotheWhigPartyandopposedsuccession,buthewasyetheldinFederalprisonasahostagebytheUnion.HisfirstwifewasAnnHite,daughterofMajorIsaacHiteofBelleGroveplantation,wheretheBattleofCedarCreekwaswonbyUnionGeneralPhillipSheridanin1864topermanentlyseizetheShenandoahValley.BothHitesmentionedwere“greatandgreat‐great”grandchildrenoforiginalsettlerJostHitewhobrought16familiesfromPennsylvaniatosettleonOpequonCreeksouthoftown.LocalwriterMacRutherfordwritesinhisbookHistoricHauntsofWinchester(www.historypress.net)thatthebuildingishaunted!!

Wm.GreenwayRussellHouse(40S.LoudounSt)Thishouseisbelievedtohavebeenbuiltinabout1790,223yearsago.Theexactdateisnotrecordedindocuments,buttheestimateseemsconsistentwiththeadjoiningstructuresandarea.Allthatremainsoftheoriginalbuildingisitstwooutsidewalls.Theoriginalfrontandbackwereremovedsometimeinthe20thcenturyandreplacedwithconcreteblocksandafaçadenearlymatchingtheoriginalstonework.It’smostnotableresidentwasWilliamGreenwayRussell(1800‐1891),amerchant,memberoftheCityCouncil,cityTreasurerandMagistrate,andalocalhistorianandwriter.Heisbestknownforhis1876book,WhatIknowaboutWinchester,whichiswherewehavelearnedmanythingsaboutplaces,peopleandeventshere.

WisteriaHouse(101S.LoudounSt.)Originallybuiltcirca1789,thishousewasexpanded.IssacParkins,whoownedOut‐lot#49onwhichmostofFortLoudounwasbuilt,alsoownedamillandseemedtodealinrealestate.HeconsequentlysoldthisLoudounSt.in‐lottoWilliamRussellwhoenlargedit.Hisson,aveteranoftheWarof1812,lateroccupiedthehome.Itisabeautifullypicturesquebuildingwhenthewisteriaisinbloom!

WolfeSt.NamedafterGeneralJamesWolfe,abrigadierunderLordAmherstinchargeofBritishforcessentagainsttheFrenchinQuebec.HewaskilledthereSeptember13,1759;however,QuebecwasseizedbyBritish

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forcesafewdaysafterhisdeath.Hewasknownforhisheroisminthisandotherbattles.

ThisguidewasproducedbyLarryJ.Walters,amemberoftheWinchester‐FrederickCountyHistoricalSocietyinWinchester,Virginia. Itwas created for the educationand the enjoymentofanyone inappreciationofhistory inwhichwe abound here inWinchester. Care has been taken to be as accurate and credible aspossible,butthisdocumentdoesnotpurporttobeapieceofscholarshiporatextbook.Itisavisitors’guide.However,ifyoushouldtakeissuewithanyinformation,pleasefeelfreetoshareyourconcernsbye‐mailatvawalters@hotmail.com. Wewouldwanttocorrectanyerrorormisrepresentation. Alsoifyouenjoyusingit,pleaseletthehistoricalsociety(wfchs@verizon.net)ormeknowpersonally.Pleasetellyourfriendsaboutourlovelyandhistoricaltown,andbesuretosuggesttothemavisittoourbeautifulandinformativeVisitorCenter(www.visitwinchesterva.com)and theWinchester‐FrederickCountyHeadquartersandmuseumnexttoit.

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