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Won Taek LeeWon Taek Lee, M.D., Ph.D, M.D., Ph.D..
Limbic SystemLimbic System
AffectiveAffectiveBehaviorBehavior
EmotionEmotion
JoyJoyandandDespairDespair
IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
Concept of Limbic SystemConcept of Limbic System
Broca (1877) - ‘La Grand Lobe Limbique’Broca (1877) - ‘La Grand Lobe Limbique’
Papez (1937) - ‘Limbic Circuit’ - emotionPapez (1937) - ‘Limbic Circuit’ - emotion
MacLean (1952) - ‘Limbic System’ - visceral brainMacLean (1952) - ‘Limbic System’ - visceral brain
Nauta (1972) - ‘Septo-hypothalamo-mesencephalic continuum’Nauta (1972) - ‘Septo-hypothalamo-mesencephalic continuum’
JAMES PAPEZ (1883-1958)
PAUL BROCA (1824-1880)
Paul D. MacLean (1913- )Paul D. MacLean (1913- )
Limbic SystemLimbic System
- term of - term of Paul MacLeanPaul MacLean (1952) (1952)
- - Visceral BrainVisceral Brain
- - triune concepttriune concept of brain evolution of brain evolution
HypothalamusHypothalamus
Nucleus accumbensNucleus accumbens
amygdaloid nuclear complexamygdaloid nuclear complex
orbitofrontal cortexorbitofrontal cortex
Some psychiatric implications onSome psychiatric implications onphysiological studies on fronto-physiological studies on fronto-temporal portions of limbic systemtemporal portions of limbic system(visceral brain). Electroencephalogr(visceral brain). ElectroencephalogrClin Neurophysiol 4: 407-418, 1952Clin Neurophysiol 4: 407-418, 1952
Septo-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic Continuum
Main Components of Limbic System Main Components of Limbic System Main Components of Limbic System Main Components of Limbic System
SeptalSeptal RegionRegion
SeptalSeptal RegionRegion HypothalamusHypothalamus HypothalamusHypothalamus
LimbicLimbicMidbrainMidbrain
AreaArea
LimbicLimbicMidbrainMidbrain
AreaArea
HippocampalHippocampalFormationFormation
HippocampalHippocampalFormationFormation
OlfactoryOlfactoryCortexCortex
OlfactoryOlfactoryCortexCortex
AmygdaloidAmygdaloidNuclearNuclear
ComplexComplex
AmygdaloidAmygdaloidNuclearNuclear
ComplexComplex
SpinalSpinalCordCord
&&BrainBrainStemStem
SpinalSpinalCordCord
&&BrainBrainStemStem
Limbic System
ExpressionExpression
of Emotionof Emotion
Septo-Septo-
hypothalamo-hypothalamo-
mesencephalicmesencephalic
continuumcontinuum
Components of the Limbic System (I)Components of the Limbic System (I)Components of the Limbic System (I)Components of the Limbic System (I)
TELENCEPHALONTELENCEPHALON Limbic LobeLimbic Lobe Gyrus FornicatusGyrus Fornicatus Cingulate GyrusCingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal GyrusParahippocampal Gyrus Hippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation HippocampusHippocampus Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus SubiculumSubiculum Hippocampal RudimentsHippocampal Rudiments Fasciolar GyrusFasciolar Gyrus Indusium GriseumIndusium Griseum
Olfactory Cortex (Rhinencephalon)Olfactory Cortex (Rhinencephalon)
- Piriform Lobe- Piriform Lobe
Prepiriform CortexPrepiriform Cortex
Periamygdaloid CortexPeriamygdaloid Cortex
Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex
Basal Forebrain AreaBasal Forebrain Area Substantia InnominataSubstantia Innominata Basal Nucleus of MeynertBasal Nucleus of Meynert Ventral PallidumVentral Pallidum Nucleus Accumbens (Septi)Nucleus Accumbens (Septi)Septal RegionSeptal Region Septal AreaSeptal Area Paraterminal GyrusParaterminal Gyrus Subcallosal GyrusSubcallosal Gyrus Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei Dorsal, Lateral and MedialDorsal, Lateral and Medial Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei Nucleus of Diagonal Band of BrocaNucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca Bed Nucleus of Stria TerminalisBed Nucleus of Stria TerminalisAmygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex Corticomedial Nuclear GroupCorticomedial Nuclear Group Basolateral Nuclear GroupBasolateral Nuclear Group Central NucleusCentral Nucleus
DIENCEPHALONDIENCEPHALON Thalamus, LimbicThalamus, Limbic Anterior Nuclear GroupAnterior Nuclear Group Mediodorsal (MD) NucleusMediodorsal (MD) Nucleus Midline NucleiMidline Nuclei HypothalamusHypothalamus Preoptic RegionPreoptic Region Preoptic Periventricular NucleusPreoptic Periventricular Nucleus Medial Preoptic NucleusMedial Preoptic Nucleus Supraoptic RegionSupraoptic Region Suprachiasmatic NucleusSuprachiasmatic Nucleus Anterior NucleusAnterior Nucleus Supraoptic NucleusSupraoptic Nucleus Paraventricular NucleusParaventricular Nucleus Tuberal RegionTuberal Region Dorsomedial NucleusDorsomedial Nucleus Ventromedial NucleusVentromedial Nucleus Infundibular (Arcuate) NucleusInfundibular (Arcuate) Nucleus
Components of the Limbic System (II)Components of the Limbic System (II)Components of the Limbic System (II)Components of the Limbic System (II)
Mammillary RegionMammillary Region Lateral, Medial and IntermediateLateral, Medial and Intermediate Mammillary NucleusMammillary Nucleus Posterior NucleusPosterior Nucleus EpithalamusEpithalamus Habenular NucleusHabenular Nucleus Medial Habenular NucleusMedial Habenular Nucleus Lateral Habenular NucleusLateral Habenular Nucleus Pineal GlandPineal Gland
MESENCEPHALONMESENCEPHALON Limbic Midbrain AreaLimbic Midbrain Area Median Raphe NucleusMedian Raphe Nucleus Dorsal Raphe NucleusDorsal Raphe Nucleus Ventral Tegmental AreaVentral Tegmental Area Dorsal Tegmental NucleusDorsal Tegmental Nucleus Periaqueductal GrayPeriaqueductal Gray
Components of the Limbic SystemComponents of the Limbic SystemComponents of the Limbic SystemComponents of the Limbic System
Limbic LobeLimbic LobeLimbic LobeLimbic Lobe
Limbic LobeLimbic Lobe Gyrus FornicatusGyrus Fornicatus
Cingulate GyrusCingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal GyrusParahippocampal Gyrus Entorhinal AreaEntorhinal Area IsthmusIsthmus Hippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation Hippocampus ProperHippocampus Proper (Ammon’s horn)(Ammon’s horn) Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus SubiculumSubiculum Hippocampal RudimentsHippocampal Rudiments Fasciolar GyrusFasciolar Gyrus Indusium GriseumIndusium Griseum
Classification of CortexClassification of Cortex
Isocortex Isocortex - Neocortex- Neocortex
AllocortexAllocortex
ArchicortexArchicortex
HippocampusHippocampus
Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus
PaleocortexPaleocortex
Olfactory BulbOlfactory Bulb
Piriform LobePiriform Lobe
Mesocortex (Juxtallocortex,Mesocortex (Juxtallocortex,
Periallocortex, Mesallocortex)Periallocortex, Mesallocortex)
Cingulate GyrusCingulate Gyrus
Hippocampus Proper Hippocampus Proper
(Ammon’s horn, (Ammon’s horn,
Cornu Ammonis)Cornu Ammonis)
Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus
SubiculumSubiculum
Hippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation
1. uncus1. uncus
2. dentate gyrus2. dentate gyrus
3. fornix3. fornix
4. corpus callosum4. corpus callosum
5. fasciolar gyrus5. fasciolar gyrus
6. hippocampal sulcus6. hippocampal sulcus
7. parahippocampal 7. parahippocampal gyrusgyrus
8. collateral sulcus8. collateral sulcus
Hippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation
Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View)Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View)Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View)Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View)
Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)
Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)Hippocampal Formation (Medial View)
Archicortex - 3 layers Archicortex - 3 layers
Hippocampus ProperHippocampus Proper Molecular LayerMolecular Layer
Pyramidal LayerPyramidal Layer
Polymorphic LayerPolymorphic Layer
Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus Molecular LayerMolecular Layer
Granular LayerGranular Layer
Polymorphic LayerPolymorphic Layer
SubiculumSubiculum Transitional type Transitional type between hippocampal archicortex and entorhinal paleocortexbetween hippocampal archicortex and entorhinal paleocortex
Hippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation - - ArchicortexArchicortexHippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation - - ArchicortexArchicortex
Classification of CortexClassification of CortexClassification of CortexClassification of Cortex
IsocortexIsocortex 6 layered cortex6 layered cortex
homotypical and homotypical and
heterotypical isocortexheterotypical isocortex
Allocortex Allocortex
PaleocortexPaleocortex olfactory cortex olfactory cortex
- piriform lobe- piriform lobe
ArchicortexArchicortex 3 layered cortex3 layered cortex
- - hippocampal formationhippocampal formation
Archicortex Archicortex - lamination by Ramon y Cajal- lamination by Ramon y CajalArchicortex Archicortex - lamination by Ramon y Cajal- lamination by Ramon y Cajal
7. stratum 7. stratum molecularemoleculare
6. stratum 6. stratum lacunosumlacunosum
5. stratum 5. stratum radiatumradiatum
4. stratum4. stratum pyramidalispyramidalis
3. stratum oriens3. stratum oriens
2. Alveus2. Alveus
1. ependyma1. ependyma
7. stratum 7. stratum molecularemoleculare
6. stratum 6. stratum lacunosumlacunosum
5. stratum 5. stratum radiatumradiatum
4. stratum4. stratum pyramidalispyramidalis
3. stratum oriens3. stratum oriens
2. Alveus2. Alveus
1. ependyma1. ependyma
HippocampusHippocampusHippocampusHippocampus
Ammon’s hornAmmon’s horn
(Cornu Ammonis)(Cornu Ammonis)
Ammon’s hornAmmon’s horn
(Cornu Ammonis)(Cornu Ammonis)
- by differences in cell morphology, - by differences in cell morphology, relative development and connectionsrelative development and connections- subdivision by Lorente de Nó (1934)- subdivision by Lorente de Nó (1934)
CA1 CA1 CA2 CA2 CA3 CA3 CA4 - CA4 - Area DentataArea Dentata Fascia Dentata: Fascia Dentata: outer 2 layersouter 2 layers of area dentataof area dentata
- by differences in cell morphology, - by differences in cell morphology, relative development and connectionsrelative development and connections- subdivision by Lorente de Nó (1934)- subdivision by Lorente de Nó (1934)
CA1 CA1 CA2 CA2 CA3 CA3 CA4 - CA4 - Area DentataArea Dentata Fascia Dentata: Fascia Dentata: outer 2 layersouter 2 layers of area dentataof area dentata
Subdivision of Cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)Subdivision of Cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)Subdivision of Cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)Subdivision of Cornu Ammonis (Hippocampus proper)
Rafael Lorente de NóRafael Lorente de NóRafael Lorente de NóRafael Lorente de Nó
Hippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation
Dentate gyrus,Dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4,CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, subiculumsubiculumDentate gyrus,Dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4,CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, subiculumsubiculum
4. Fascia dentata4. Fascia dentata
3. CA43. CA4
2. CA3, CA22. CA3, CA2
1. CA11. CA1
6. Subiculum6. Subiculum
20. Presubiculum20. Presubiculum
21. Parasubiculum21. Parasubiculum
22. Entorhinal cortex22. Entorhinal cortex
4. Fascia dentata4. Fascia dentata
3. CA43. CA4
2. CA3, CA22. CA3, CA2
1. CA11. CA1
6. Subiculum6. Subiculum
20. Presubiculum20. Presubiculum
21. Parasubiculum21. Parasubiculum
22. Entorhinal cortex22. Entorhinal cortex
Division of Hippocampal FormationDivision of Hippocampal FormationDivision of Hippocampal FormationDivision of Hippocampal Formation
Development of the HippocampusDevelopment of the HippocampusDevelopment of the HippocampusDevelopment of the Hippocampus
1. dentate gyrus 2. hippocampus proper 3. subiculum1. dentate gyrus 2. hippocampus proper 3. subiculum
HS: HS: hippocampal sulcus hippocampal sulcus TH: TH: temporal horntemporal horn
Hippocampus Proper Hippocampus Proper CA1CA1 CA2CA2 CA3CA3 CA4 - CA4 - Area DentataArea Dentata
Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus SubiculumSubiculum PProsubiculumrosubiculum SubiculumSubiculum PresubiculumPresubiculum ParasubiculumParasubiculum
Hippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation
Connections of Hippocampal FormationConnections of Hippocampal FormationConnections of Hippocampal FormationConnections of Hippocampal Formation
1. Intrinsic Connections1. Intrinsic Connectionsclassic trisynaptic pathwayclassic trisynaptic pathway
2. Afferent Connections2. Afferent Connections perforant and alveolar pathperforant and alveolar path
3. Efferent Connections3. Efferent Connections fornixfornix
1. Intrinsic Connections1. Intrinsic Connectionsclassic trisynaptic pathwayclassic trisynaptic pathway
2. Afferent Connections2. Afferent Connections perforant and alveolar pathperforant and alveolar path
3. Efferent Connections3. Efferent Connections fornixfornix
Intrinsic ConnectionsIntrinsic ConnectionsIntrinsic ConnectionsIntrinsic Connections
Classic Trisynaptic PathwayClassic Trisynaptic Pathway
1. Entorhinal cortex (perforant path)1. Entorhinal cortex (perforant path) dentate gyrus granular celldentate gyrus granular cell
2. Granular cell axon (mossy fiber)2. Granular cell axon (mossy fiber) CA3 pyramidal cellCA3 pyramidal cell
3. Pyramidal cell (Schaffer collateral)3. Pyramidal cell (Schaffer collateral)
CA1 pyramidal cellCA1 pyramidal cell
subiculum subiculum entorhinal cortex entorhinal cortex
Classic Trisynaptic PathwayClassic Trisynaptic Pathway
1. Entorhinal cortex (perforant path)1. Entorhinal cortex (perforant path) dentate gyrus granular celldentate gyrus granular cell
2. Granular cell axon (mossy fiber)2. Granular cell axon (mossy fiber) CA3 pyramidal cellCA3 pyramidal cell
3. Pyramidal cell (Schaffer collateral)3. Pyramidal cell (Schaffer collateral)
CA1 pyramidal cellCA1 pyramidal cell
subiculum subiculum entorhinal cortex entorhinal cortex
Afferent Connections of Afferent Connections of CA1 Pyramidal NeuronCA1 Pyramidal Neuron
Afferent Connections of Afferent Connections of CA1 Pyramidal NeuronCA1 Pyramidal Neuron
stratum molecularestratum moleculare - entorhinal cortex (perforant path)- entorhinal cortex (perforant path)stratum lacunosumstratum lacunosum - - Schaffer collateral from CA3Schaffer collateral from CA3stratum radiatumstratum radiatum - commissural axon- commissural axon - mossy fibers from dentate gyrus- mossy fibers from dentate gyrusstratum pyramidalestratum pyramidale - basket cell- basket cellstratum oriensstratum oriens - short axon cell- short axon cell
stratum molecularestratum moleculare - entorhinal cortex (perforant path)- entorhinal cortex (perforant path)stratum lacunosumstratum lacunosum - - Schaffer collateral from CA3Schaffer collateral from CA3stratum radiatumstratum radiatum - commissural axon- commissural axon - mossy fibers from dentate gyrus- mossy fibers from dentate gyrusstratum pyramidalestratum pyramidale - basket cell- basket cellstratum oriensstratum oriens - short axon cell- short axon cell
Afferent ConnectionsAfferent ConnectionsAfferent ConnectionsAfferent Connections
FromFrom Entorhinal Cortex Entorhinal Cortex
Alveolar PathAlveolar Path from medial part of ECfrom medial part of EC to CA1 and Subiculumto CA1 and Subiculum
Perforant PathPerforant Path from lateral part of ECfrom lateral part of EC to CA1, CA2, CA3 andto CA1, CA2, CA3 and Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus
FromFrom Entorhinal Cortex Entorhinal Cortex
Alveolar PathAlveolar Path from medial part of ECfrom medial part of EC to CA1 and Subiculumto CA1 and Subiculum
Perforant PathPerforant Path from lateral part of ECfrom lateral part of EC to CA1, CA2, CA3 andto CA1, CA2, CA3 and Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus
Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal CortexEntorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex
1. entorhinal cortex1. entorhinal cortex
2. uncus2. uncus
3. fornix3. fornix
4. dentate gyrus4. dentate gyrus
5. hippocampal sulcus5. hippocampal sulcus
6. collateral sulcus6. collateral sulcus
1. entorhinal cortex1. entorhinal cortex
2. uncus2. uncus
3. fornix3. fornix
4. dentate gyrus4. dentate gyrus
5. hippocampal sulcus5. hippocampal sulcus
6. collateral sulcus6. collateral sulcus
Afferent ConnectionsAfferent ConnectionsAfferent ConnectionsAfferent Connections
EC & Hippocampal AfferentsEC & Hippocampal Afferents
Surrounding NeocortexSurrounding Neocortex from association areasfrom association areas - temporal, frontal lobe- temporal, frontal lobe
Limbic SystemLimbic System from hypothalamus, from hypothalamus, amygdala, septal area,amygdala, septal area, anterior thalamic nuclei,anterior thalamic nuclei, and midbrain limbic area and midbrain limbic area
EC & Hippocampal AfferentsEC & Hippocampal Afferents
Surrounding NeocortexSurrounding Neocortex from association areasfrom association areas - temporal, frontal lobe- temporal, frontal lobe
Limbic SystemLimbic System from hypothalamus, from hypothalamus, amygdala, septal area,amygdala, septal area, anterior thalamic nuclei,anterior thalamic nuclei, and midbrain limbic area and midbrain limbic area
Efferent ConnectionsEfferent ConnectionsEfferent ConnectionsEfferent Connections
FORNIXFORNIX
AlveusAlveus
FimbriaeFimbriae
CrusCrus
CommissureCommissure
Corpus Corpus
ColumnColumn
FORNIXFORNIX
AlveusAlveus
FimbriaeFimbriae
CrusCrus
CommissureCommissure
Corpus Corpus
ColumnColumn
Efferent ConnectionsEfferent ConnectionsEfferent ConnectionsEfferent Connections
FornixFornix -- from pyramidal neurons of hippocampus & subiculumfrom pyramidal neurons of hippocampus & subiculum
- 1.2 million fibers in humans- 1.2 million fibers in humans
Postcommissural Fornix Postcommissural Fornix – main bundle– main bundle
toto Mammillary BodyMammillary Body
Anterior ThalamusAnterior Thalamus
Lateral Septal NucleiLateral Septal Nuclei
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus
Midbrain TegmentumMidbrain Tegmentum
Efferent ConnectionsEfferent ConnectionsEfferent ConnectionsEfferent Connections
Precommissural Fornix Precommissural Fornix – smaller less compact– smaller less compact
- mostly originated from the hippocampus proper- mostly originated from the hippocampus proper
toto Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei
Lateral Preoptic AreaLateral Preoptic Area
Anterior Hypothalamic AreaAnterior Hypothalamic Area
Nucleus of Diagonal Band of BrocaNucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca
Nucleus Accumbens SeptiNucleus Accumbens Septi
Medial Surface of Frontal LobeMedial Surface of Frontal Lobe
Caudate Nucleus andCaudate Nucleus and PutamenPutamen
Amygdala and ClaustrumAmygdala and Claustrum
Precommissural Fornix Precommissural Fornix – smaller less compact– smaller less compact
- mostly originated from the hippocampus proper- mostly originated from the hippocampus proper
toto Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei
Lateral Preoptic AreaLateral Preoptic Area
Anterior Hypothalamic AreaAnterior Hypothalamic Area
Nucleus of Diagonal Band of BrocaNucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca
Nucleus Accumbens SeptiNucleus Accumbens Septi
Medial Surface of Frontal LobeMedial Surface of Frontal Lobe
Caudate Nucleus andCaudate Nucleus and PutamenPutamen
Amygdala and ClaustrumAmygdala and Claustrum
Efferent ConnectionsEfferent Connections FORNIXFORNIX from Pyramidal Neurons offrom Pyramidal Neurons of hippocampus & subiculumhippocampus & subiculum Alveus, Fimbriae, CrusAlveus, Fimbriae, Crus Commissure, Corpus, ColumnCommissure, Corpus, Column Precommissural FornixPrecommissural Fornix to Septal Nuclei,to Septal Nuclei, Nucleus Accumbens SeptiNucleus Accumbens Septi Anterior Hypothalamic AreaAnterior Hypothalamic Area Medial Surface of Frontal LobeMedial Surface of Frontal Lobe Anterior Olfactory NucleusAnterior Olfactory Nucleus Postcommissural FornixPostcommissural Fornix to Mammillary Bodyto Mammillary Body Anterior ThalamusAnterior Thalamus HypothalamusHypothalamus Bed Nucleus of Stria TerminalisBed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis
Afferent ConnectionsAfferent Connections Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex Alveolar PathAlveolar Path from medial part of ECfrom medial part of EC to CA1 and Subiculumto CA1 and Subiculum Perforant PathPerforant Path from lateral part of ECfrom lateral part of EC to CA1, CA2, CA3 andto CA1, CA2, CA3 and Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus
Dentate GyrusDentate Gyrus
Mossy fiber Mossy fiber - CA3- CA3 - - Schaefer fiber Schaefer fiber (CA3-CA1)(CA3-CA1)
OthersOthers Hypothalamus, Septal Nuclei, Hypothalamus, Septal Nuclei, Substantia InnominataSubstantia Innominata Midbrain Limbic AreaMidbrain Limbic Area
Summary of Hippocampal ConnectionsSummary of Hippocampal ConnectionsSummary of Hippocampal ConnectionsSummary of Hippocampal Connections
Dopamine hypothesis of SchizophreniaDopamine hypothesis of SchizophreniaDopamine hypothesis of SchizophreniaDopamine hypothesis of Schizophrenia
Hypersensitive Hypersensitive dopamine receptorsdopamine receptors
in limbic cortexin limbic cortex
21st century 21st century schizoid manschizoid man
SeptumSeptum
Septum pellucidumSeptum pellucidum
Septum VerumSeptum Verum
- Septal Nuclei- Septal Nuclei
ConnectionsConnections Stria Medullaris ThalamiStria Medullaris Thalami
to medial habenular nucleusto medial habenular nucleus
Medial Forebrain BundleMedial Forebrain Bundle
to hypothalamus and midbrain to hypothalamus and midbrain
Fornix Fornix - to hippocampus- to hippocampus
Stria Terminalis & Diagonal BandStria Terminalis & Diagonal Band
from amygdaloid complexfrom amygdaloid complex
Septal RegionSeptal Region Septal AreaSeptal Area
Paraterminal (Subcallosal) GyrusParaterminal (Subcallosal) Gyrus
Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)
Septal NucleiSeptal Nuclei
Dorsal Septal NucleusDorsal Septal Nucleus
Lateral septal NucleusLateral septal Nucleus
Medial Septal Nucleus Medial Septal Nucleus (Ch1)(Ch1)
Nucleus of Diagonal BandNucleus of Diagonal Band
of Broca of Broca (Ch2, Ch3)(Ch2, Ch3)
Bed Nucleus of Stria TerminalisBed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis
Bed Nucleus of Bed Nucleus of
Anterior CommissureAnterior Commissure
Septal RegionSeptal RegionSeptal RegionSeptal Region
Basal Forebrain AreaBasal Forebrain Area
- structures deep to the- structures deep to the anterior perforating substanceanterior perforating substance
Olfactory TubercleOlfactory TubercleSubstantia InnominataSubstantia Innominata Basal Nucleus of Meynert (Ch4)Basal Nucleus of Meynert (Ch4) cf. Alzheimer’s diseasecf. Alzheimer’s disease Ventral PallidumVentral Pallidum - non cholinergic portions- non cholinergic portions of the substantia innominataof the substantia innominata - part of limbic basal ganglia- part of limbic basal ganglia
Limbic Basal GangliaLimbic Basal GangliaNucleus Accumbens SeptiNucleus Accumbens Septi(Ventral Striatum)(Ventral Striatum) afferents fromafferents from hippocampal formationhippocampal formation amygdaloid bodyamygdaloid body cingulate gyruscingulate gyrus ventral tegmental areaventral tegmental area dorsal raphe nucleusdorsal raphe nucleus efferents to efferents to ventral pallidumventral pallidumVentral PallidumVentral Pallidum efferents toefferents to mediodorsal (MD) thalamusmediodorsal (MD) thalamus substantia nigrasubstantia nigra subthalamic nucleussubthalamic nucleus amygdaloid nucleusamygdaloid nucleus lateral habenular nucleuslateral habenular nucleus
Basal Forebrain Area and Limbic Basal GangliaBasal Forebrain Area and Limbic Basal Ganglia
Theodor MeynertTheodor Meynert(1833-1892)(1833-1892)
• Austrian Neurologist Austrian Neurologist • Professor of Neurology andProfessor of Neurology and
Psychiatry in Wien UniversityPsychiatry in Wien University• Teacher of Sigmund FreudTeacher of Sigmund Freud• Use serial sections in histologyUse serial sections in histology
of nervous systemof nervous system
• Basal Nucleus ofBasal Nucleus of Meynert Meynert
in substantia innominatain substantia innominata• Dorsal tegmental decussationDorsal tegmental decussation
of Meynert of Meynert
Basal Forebrain Area ComponentsBasal Forebrain Area ComponentsBasal Forebrain Area ComponentsBasal Forebrain Area Components
BASAL FOREBRAIN AREABASAL FOREBRAIN AREA (Heimer) (Heimer)
Ventral Striatum, Part ofVentral Striatum, Part of Ventral PallidumVentral Pallidum Basal Nucleus of Meynert (Ch4)Basal Nucleus of Meynert (Ch4) Extended AmygdalaExtended Amygdala
cf. cf. Cholinergic Cell GroupsCholinergic Cell Groups (Mesulam) (Mesulam)(Magnocellular Basomedial Telencephalic Complex(Magnocellular Basomedial Telencephalic Complex ) )
1. Ch1 1. Ch1 (Medial Septal Nucleus)(Medial Septal Nucleus)
2. Ch2 2. Ch2 (Nucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca)(Nucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca)
3. Ch3 3. Ch3 (Nucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca)(Nucleus of Diagonal Band of Broca)
4. 4. Ch4Ch4 (Basal Nucleus of Meynert) (Basal Nucleus of Meynert)
5. Ch5 5. Ch5 (Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus)(Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus)
Amygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex
Corticomedial Nuclear GroupCorticomedial Nuclear Group
Anterior Amygdaloid AreaAnterior Amygdaloid Area
Cortical Amygdaloid NucleusCortical Amygdaloid Nucleus
(Periamygdaloid Cortex)(Periamygdaloid Cortex)
Medial Amygdaloid NucleusMedial Amygdaloid Nucleus
Lateral Olfactory NucleusLateral Olfactory Nucleus
(Lateral Olfactory Gyrus(Lateral Olfactory Gyrus))
Basolateral Nuclear GroupBasolateral Nuclear Group
Lateral NucleusLateral Nucleus
Basal NucleusBasal Nucleus
Accessory Basal NucleusAccessory Basal Nucleus
Central NucleusCentral Nucleus
ConnectionsConnections Corticomedial Nuclear GroupCorticomedial Nuclear Group
Olfactory PathwayOlfactory Pathway via Lateral Olfactory Striavia Lateral Olfactory Stria Basolateral Nuclear GroupBasolateral Nuclear Group from from Sensory Association AreaSensory Association Area Central NucleusCentral Nucleus from brain stem visceralfrom brain stem visceral afferent nucleiafferent nuclei
Stria TerminalisStria Terminalis to bed nucleus of stria terminalisto bed nucleus of stria terminalis hypothalamus, epithalamushypothalamus, epithalamus amygdaloid bodyamygdaloid body
Ventral Amygdalofugal PathwayVentral Amygdalofugal Pathway to septal nuclei, hypothalamusto septal nuclei, hypothalamus thalamus (MD) andthalamus (MD) and midbrain limbic areamidbrain limbic area
Amygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex
AmygdalaAmygdala
L. almondL. almond
K. F. Burdach’s
term
K. F. Burdach’s
term
Connections of the AmygdalaConnections of the AmygdalaConnections of the AmygdalaConnections of the Amygdala
Extended AmygdalaExtended AmygdalaExtended AmygdalaExtended Amygdala
Extended AmygdalaExtended Amygdala
Central Amygdaloid NucleusCentral Amygdaloid Nucleus Medial Amygdaloid NucleusMedial Amygdaloid Nucleus Bed Nucleus of Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis (BST)Stria Terminalis (BST)
- bridging cell groups directly- bridging cell groups directly interconnects amygdaloidinterconnects amygdaloid and bed nucleus of striaand bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST)terminalis (BST) which refered to aswhich refered to as Extended amygdalaExtended amygdala..
ConnectionsConnections
AfferentsAfferents from from Intra-amygdaloid associationIntra-amygdaloid association fibers from fibers from basolateralbasolateral amygdaloid nucleus,amygdaloid nucleus, whic recieves wealth ofwhic recieves wealth of modality-specific andmodality-specific and multimodal sensory inputmultimodal sensory input from the from the cerebral cortex.cerebral cortex.EfferentsEfferents to to Hypothalamus Hypothalamus andand Brain Stem Brain Stem
Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex Extended AmygdAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex Extended Amygdalaala Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex Extended AmygdAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex Extended Amygdalaala
A. A. bed nucleus ofbed nucleus of stria terminalisstria terminalis
B. centromedial amygdalaB. centromedial amygdala
C. basolateral amygdalaC. basolateral amygdala
D. cortical amygdalaD. cortical amygdala
E. connections betweenE. connections between extended amygdalaextended amygdala and amygdala:and amygdala: sublenticular portion of sublenticular portion of substantia innominatasubstantia innominata
1. stria terminalis1. stria terminalis
Amygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear ComplexAmygdaloid Nuclear Complex
EmotionEmotion& & AmygdalaAmygdala
AutismAutismAutismAutism
Dysfunction ofDysfunction of
amygdalaamygdala
MercuryMercuryRisingRising
Thalamus, LimbicThalamus, Limbic Anterior Nuclear GroupAnterior Nuclear Group
Anteroventral Nucleus (AV)Anteroventral Nucleus (AV)
Anterodorsal Nucleus (AD)Anterodorsal Nucleus (AD)
Anteromedial Nucleus (AM)Anteromedial Nucleus (AM)
Lateral Dorsal (LD) NucleusLateral Dorsal (LD) Nucleus
Mediodorsal (MD) NucleusMediodorsal (MD) Nucleus
Pars magnocellularis (MDmc)Pars magnocellularis (MDmc)
Pars parvocellularis (MDpc)Pars parvocellularis (MDpc)
Pars paralaminaris (MDpl)Pars paralaminaris (MDpl)
Pars densocellularis (MDdc)Pars densocellularis (MDdc)
Midline NucleiMidline Nuclei
Paratenial Nucleus (Pt)Paratenial Nucleus (Pt)
Reunience Nucleus (MV)Reunience Nucleus (MV)
Submedial Nucleus (Sm)Submedial Nucleus (Sm)
Rhomboid Nucleus (Rh)Rhomboid Nucleus (Rh)
ConnectionsConnections
Anterior Nuclear GroupAnterior Nuclear Group
from mammillary body,from mammillary body,
hippocampal formation,hippocampal formation,
cingulate gyruscingulate gyrus
to cingulate gyrusto cingulate gyrus
subiculumsubiculum
MDmcMDmc
from primary olfactory cortex,from primary olfactory cortex,
ventral pallidumventral pallidum
to orbitofrontal cortex to orbitofrontal cortex
MDpc, MDpl, MDdcMDpc, MDpl, MDdc
from substantia nigrafrom substantia nigra
limbic midbrain arealimbic midbrain area
to medial frontal cortexto medial frontal cortex
frontal eye field (area 8) frontal eye field (area 8)
Limbic ThalamusLimbic Thalamus
MB, HFMB, HF
OrbitofrontalOrbitofrontalCortexCortex FrontalFrontal
Eye FieldEye FieldMedialMedialFrontalFrontalGyrusGyrus
cingulatecingulategyrusgyrus
SNr, SC, RFSNr, SC, RF
Connections of the Limbic ThalamusConnections of the Limbic Thalamus
PrimaryPrimaryOrbitoryOrbitoryCortexCortex
EpithalamusEpithalamusHabenular NucleusHabenular Nucleus
Medial Habenular NucleusMedial Habenular Nucleus
Lateral Habenular NucleusLateral Habenular Nucleus
Pineal GlandPineal Gland
Stria TerminalisStria Terminalis
from from septal nuclei, septal nuclei,
hypothalamus, hypothalamus,
anterior thalamic nucleus,anterior thalamic nucleus,
substantia innominata,substantia innominata,
globus pallidusglobus pallidus
Habenulointerpeduncular Tract Habenulointerpeduncular Tract
(Fasciculus Retroflexus)(Fasciculus Retroflexus)
from medial habenular nucleus from medial habenular nucleus
to to interpeduncular nucleusinterpeduncular nucleus
from lateral habenular nucleusfrom lateral habenular nucleus
to to midbrain limbic area midbrain limbic area
DiencephalonDiencephalon
EpithalamusEpithalamusHypothalamusHypothalamusThalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)Thalamus (Dorsal Thalamus)Subthalamus (Ventral Thalamus)Subthalamus (Ventral Thalamus)
EpithalamusEpithalamus
Epithalamus and Epithalamus and surrounding structuressurrounding structures
Hypothalamic Nuclear GroupHypothalamic Nuclear Group
MEDIAL ZONE MEDIAL ZONE Preoptic RegionPreoptic Region Preoptic Periventricular Preoptic Periventricular NucleusNucleus Medial Preoptic NucleusMedial Preoptic Nucleus
Supraoptic RegionSupraoptic Region Suprachiasmatic NucleusSuprachiasmatic Nucleus Anterior NucleusAnterior Nucleus Supraoptic NucleusSupraoptic Nucleus Paraventricular NucleusParaventricular Nucleus
Tuberal RegionTuberal Region Dorsomedial NucleusDorsomedial Nucleus Ventromedial NucleusVentromedial Nucleus Infundibular (Arcuate) NucleusInfundibular (Arcuate) Nucleus
Mammillary RegionMammillary Region Lateral Mammillary Nucleus Lateral Mammillary Nucleus Medial Mammillary NucleusMedial Mammillary Nucleus Intermediate Mammillary Intermediate Mammillary NucleusNucleus Posterior NucleusPosterior NucleusLATERAL ZONELATERAL ZONE Lateral Hypothalamic NucleusLateral Hypothalamic Nucleus Lateral Tuberal NucleusLateral Tuberal Nucleus
HypothalamusHypothalamus
Hypothalamic Cell GroupHypothalamic Cell Group
Connections of the Hypothalamus Connections of the Hypothalamus Connections of the Hypothalamus Connections of the Hypothalamus
Major Afferent ConnectionsMajor Afferent Connections
1. Ascending Visceral Fibers1. Ascending Visceral Fibers via via dorsal longitudinaldorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) fasciculus (DLF) andand mammillary pedunclemammillary peduncle from visceral afferent nuclei,from visceral afferent nuclei, limbic midbrain arealimbic midbrain area2. Via 2. Via Medial Forebrain BundleMedial Forebrain Bundle from Septum, Amygdala andfrom Septum, Amygdala and PaleocortexPaleocortex3. Via 3. Via FornixFornix from Hippocampal Formationfrom Hippocampal Formation
Major Efferent ConnectionsMajor Efferent Connections
1. Descending Visceral Fibers1. Descending Visceral Fibers via via dorsal longitudinaldorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) fasciculus (DLF) andand mammillary pedunclemammillary peduncle to visceral efferent nuclei,to visceral efferent nuclei, limbic midbrain arealimbic midbrain area2. Via 2. Via Medial Forebrain BundleMedial Forebrain Bundle to Septum, Amygdala andto Septum, Amygdala and PaleocortexPaleocortex3. Via 3. Via Mammillothalamic TractMammillothalamic Tract to Anterior Thalamic Nucleito Anterior Thalamic Nuclei
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus
Functional Aspects of HypothalamusFunctional Aspects of Hypothalamus
1.1. Endocrine Function Endocrine Function
Hormones of the Neurohypophysis - ADH, OxytocinHormones of the Neurohypophysis - ADH, Oxytocin
(Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nucleus)(Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nucleus)
Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones (Tuberal region)Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones (Tuberal region)
- Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Portal System- Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Portal System
2. 2. Visceral Function (Autonomic Center of CNS)Visceral Function (Autonomic Center of CNS)
3. 3. Limbic FunctionLimbic Function
Sham RageSham Rage
- an - an affective attackaffective attack
expressionexpression
- evoked by radio- evoked by radio
stimulation ofstimulation of
medial hypothalamusmedial hypothalamus
““Because the cat does notBecause the cat does notdirect its attack toward anydirect its attack toward anytarget, we regard this astarget, we regard this as just a fragment of a normaljust a fragment of a normalattack” (Delgado, 1981)attack” (Delgado, 1981)
Silent AttackSilent Attack
- little emotional- little emotional
expressionexpression
- evoked by electric- evoked by electric
stimulation ofstimulation of
perifornical nuc.perifornical nuc.
ofof hypothalamus hypothalamus
““The cat moves swiftlyThe cat moves swiftlyand with little sign ofand with little sign ofemotion to bite theemotion to bite therat’s neck and kill it”rat’s neck and kill it”(Siegel & Brutus, 1990)(Siegel & Brutus, 1990)
Karen Anne CarpenterKaren Anne Carpenter
(1950-1983)(1950-1983)
AnorexiaAnorexia
NervosaNervosa
Limbic Midbrain AreaLimbic Midbrain Area
Median Raphe (Superior Central) Nucleus (BMedian Raphe (Superior Central) Nucleus (B66, B, B88))Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (BDorsal Raphe Nucleus (B77))Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA, AVentral Tegmental Area (VTA, A1010))Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus (Gudden)Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus (Gudden)Interpeduncular NucleusInterpeduncular NucleusPeriaqueductal GrayPeriaqueductal Gray
Limbic Midbrain Area Limbic Midbrain Area Limbic Midbrain Area Limbic Midbrain Area
Olfactory Cortex (Rhinencephalon)Olfactory Cortex (Rhinencephalon)
Prepiriform Cortex Prepiriform Cortex - Area 51- Area 51 Gyrus AmbiensGyrus Ambiens
Lateral Olfactory Gyrus Lateral Olfactory Gyrus
(Lateral Olfactory Nucleus)(Lateral Olfactory Nucleus)
Periamygdaloid CortexPeriamygdaloid Cortex Cortical Amygdaloid NucleusCortical Amygdaloid Nucleus
Entorhinal Area (Cortex) - Entorhinal Area (Cortex) - Area 28Area 28
Olfactory Cortex (Rhinencephalon)Olfactory Cortex (Rhinencephalon)
Modality:Modality: Olfaction Olfaction
Receptor:Receptor: Olfactory Cell of Olfactory EpitheliumOlfactory Cell of Olfactory Epithelium
Cranial Nerve: I (Olfactory Nerve)Cranial Nerve: I (Olfactory Nerve)
11stst Neuron: Neuron: Olfactory neuron --- Olfactory nerve (I)Olfactory neuron --- Olfactory nerve (I)
22ndnd Neuron: Neuron: Olfactory Bulb --- Mitral & Tufted CellOlfactory Bulb --- Mitral & Tufted Cell
olfactory tractolfactory tract
oolfactory striaelfactory striae
lateral & intermediate olfactory striaelateral & intermediate olfactory striae
Termination:Termination: Primary Olfactory Area (Rhinencephalon)Primary Olfactory Area (Rhinencephalon)
piriform lobe (prepiriform cortex, entorhinal cortex) piriform lobe (prepiriform cortex, entorhinal cortex)
corticomedial amygdala corticomedial amygdala
anterior perforated substance (olfactory tubercle)anterior perforated substance (olfactory tubercle)
Olfactory System - Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory PathwaysOlfactory System - Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory Pathways
Olfactory System - Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory PathwaysOlfactory System - Olfactory System - Olfactory PathwaysOlfactory Pathways
A. olfactory epitheliumA. olfactory epitheliumB. olfactory bulbB. olfactory bulbC. nucleus of diagonal bandC. nucleus of diagonal band of Brocaof BrocaD. periamygdaloid cortexD. periamygdaloid cortexE. cirticomedial amygdalaE. cirticomedial amygdalaF. entorhinal areaF. entorhinal areaG. septal nucleiG. septal nuclei
I. olfactory nerveI. olfactory nerve1. olfactory tract1. olfactory tract2. lateral olfactory stria2. lateral olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria4. medial olfactory stria4. medial olfactory stria
Olfactory System - Olfactory System - Connections of Primary Olfactory CortexConnections of Primary Olfactory CortexOlfactory System - Olfactory System - Connections of Primary Olfactory CortexConnections of Primary Olfactory Cortex
A. olfactory epitheliumA. olfactory epitheliumB. olfactory bulbB. olfactory bulbC. nucleus of diagonal bandC. nucleus of diagonal band of Brocaof BrocaD. periamygdaloid cortexD. periamygdaloid cortexE. cirticomedial amygdalaE. cirticomedial amygdalaF. entorhinal areaF. entorhinal areaG. mediodorsal thalamicG. mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD)nucleus (MD)
I. olfactory nerveI. olfactory nerve1. olfactory tract1. olfactory tract2. lateral olfactory stria2. lateral olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria3. intermediate olfactory stria4. thalamocortical radiation4. thalamocortical radiation
Archicortex and PaleocortexArchicortex and PaleocortexArchicortex and PaleocortexArchicortex and Paleocortex
hedgehog
tupaia(tree shrew)
lemur
Connections of the Limbic SystemConnections of the Limbic SystemConnections of the Limbic SystemConnections of the Limbic System
Septo-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic ContinuumSepto-(Preoptico)-Hypothalamo- Mesencephalic Continuum
SeptalSeptalRegionRegion
SeptalSeptalRegionRegion
Hypo-Hypo-thalamusthalamus
Hypo-Hypo-thalamusthalamus
LimbidLimbidMidbrainMidbrain
AreaArea
LimbidLimbidMidbrainMidbrain
AreaArea
HippocampalHippocampalFormationFormation
HippocampalHippocampalFormationFormation
OlfactoryOlfactoryCortexCortex
OlfactoryOlfactoryCortexCortex
AmygaloidAmygaloidbodybody
AmygaloidAmygaloidbodybody
SpinalSpinal
CordCord
&&
BrainBrain
StemStem
SpinalSpinal
CordCord
&&
BrainBrain
StemStem
Limbic System
alveolar pathalveolar path
perforant pathperforant path
Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex(Area 28)(Area 28)
Entorhinal CortexEntorhinal Cortex(Area 28)(Area 28)
HippocampalHippocampalFormationFormation
HippocampalHippocampalFormationFormation
MammillaryMammillaryBodyBody
MammillaryMammillaryBodyBody
CingulateCingulateGyrusGyrus
CingulateCingulateGyrusGyrus
AnteriorAnteriorThalamic NucleiThalamic Nuclei
AnteriorAnteriorThalamic NucleiThalamic Nuclei
mammillothalamic tractmammillothalamic tract
fornixfornix
cingulumcingulum
thalamocorticalthalamocortical radiationradiation
Papez Circuit Papez Circuit Papez Circuit Papez Circuit
Papez CircuitPapez CircuitPapez CircuitPapez Circuit
A. A. Hippocampal FormationHippocampal Formation
B. B. mammillary bodymammillary body
C. C. thalamic anterior nucleusthalamic anterior nucleus
D. D. cingulate gyruscingulate gyrus
1.1. fornix fornix
2.2. mammillothalamic tract mammillothalamic tract
3.3. thalamocortical radiation thalamocortical radiation
4.4. cingulum cingulum
Limbic FunctionLimbic FunctionLimbic FunctionLimbic Function
Functional Aspects of Limbic SystemFunctional Aspects of Limbic System
1.1. Emotion - Affective Behavior Emotion - Affective Behavior
AmygdalaAmygdala
Limbic and PrefrontalLimbic and Prefrontal Cotex Cotex
- Desire, Motivation, Goal-directed Behavior- Desire, Motivation, Goal-directed Behavior
Hypothalamus and Brain StemHypothalamus and Brain Stem
- ANS - maintenance of self (appetites)- ANS - maintenance of self (appetites)
maintenance of species (sexual function)maintenance of species (sexual function) cf. cf. KlKlüüver-Bucy Syndromever-Bucy Syndrome
2. 2. Memory and LearningMemory and Learning Papez CircuitPapez Circuit cf. cf. Korsakoff’s syndromeKorsakoff’s syndrome
Functional Aspects of Limbic SystemFunctional Aspects of Limbic System
1.1. Emotion - Affective Behavior Emotion - Affective Behavior
AmygdalaAmygdala
Limbic and PrefrontalLimbic and Prefrontal Cotex Cotex
- Desire, Motivation, Goal-directed Behavior- Desire, Motivation, Goal-directed Behavior
Hypothalamus and Brain StemHypothalamus and Brain Stem
- ANS - maintenance of self (appetites)- ANS - maintenance of self (appetites)
maintenance of species (sexual function)maintenance of species (sexual function) cf. cf. KlKlüüver-Bucy Syndromever-Bucy Syndrome
2. 2. Memory and LearningMemory and Learning Papez CircuitPapez Circuit cf. cf. Korsakoff’s syndromeKorsakoff’s syndrome
Behavioral changes of maintenance of self (appetites)Behavioral changes of maintenance of self (appetites)
Behavioral changes of maintenance of self (aggression)Behavioral changes of maintenance of self (aggression)
sham ragesham rage silent attacksilent attack
KlKlüüver-Bucy syndromever-Bucy syndrome
Monkey or cats with bilateral damage of temporal lobesMonkey or cats with bilateral damage of temporal lobes
including amygdala and hippocampal formationincluding amygdala and hippocampal formation
Fail to display normal fear of anxiety (docility)Fail to display normal fear of anxiety (docility) - attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches- attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches
Regression to oral stageRegression to oral stage - put almost anything into mouth- put almost anything into mouth
Marked increase in both the amount and diversity ofMarked increase in both the amount and diversity of sexual activitysexual activity
KlKlüüver-Bucy syndromever-Bucy syndrome
Monkey or cats with bilateral damage of temporal lobesMonkey or cats with bilateral damage of temporal lobes
including amygdala and hippocampal formationincluding amygdala and hippocampal formation
Fail to display normal fear of anxiety (docility)Fail to display normal fear of anxiety (docility) - attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches- attempt to pick up snakes and lighted matches
Regression to oral stageRegression to oral stage - put almost anything into mouth- put almost anything into mouth
Marked increase in both the amount and diversity ofMarked increase in both the amount and diversity of sexual activitysexual activity
Limbic FunctionLimbic Function
Klüver-Bucy syndromeKlüver-Bucy syndrome in cats: in cats: Mating behavioral changesMating behavioral changes
Heinrich Klüver Heinrich Klüver Paul Clancy Bucy Paul Clancy Bucy (1897-1979)(1897-1979) (1904-1992) (1904-1992)
Limbic FunctionLimbic FunctionLimbic FunctionLimbic Function
Cognitive andCognitive andEmotionalEmotionalProcessesProcesses
Limbic FunctionLimbic FunctionLimbic FunctionLimbic Function
Evolution and Limbic SystemEvolution and Limbic System
- - Triune Concept Triune Concept of of MacLean MacLean
Protoreptilian Brain Protoreptilian Brain (R Complex) ---- Instinct(R Complex) ---- Instinct
Paleomammalian BrainPaleomammalian Brain --- --- Limbic SystemLimbic System ---- Emotion ---- Emotion
Neomammalian BrainNeomammalian Brain --- Neocortex --- Analytical, Reasoning--- Neocortex --- Analytical, Reasoning
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