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World Cultures
Why are we different?
Culture• The norms, beliefs, and
customs learned from society which lead to common patterns of behavior.
Culture Involves • Religion
• Music
• Language
• Philosophy
• Literature
• Art
• Architecture
Culture Involves (continued)
• Drama• Family• Diet/Food• Dress• Occupations• Transportation
Culture Impacts/Influences
• Diet
• Dress
• Name
• Spiritual beliefs
• Values
• Language
• Customs
Culture Impacts/Influences(continued)
• Music• Dance • Status• Work ethic• Education• Beauty• Hygiene
Culture Impacts/Influences(continued)
• Family Relationships
• Medicine
• Superstitions
• Authority
• Social Castes
• Politics
• Body Language
Culture Impacts/Influences(continued)
• Law
• Logic
• Body Language
• Architecture
• Holidays
Protocol For The
Pacific Rim & Mexico
Japan• General Protocol: Remove shoes
before entering a Japanese home.• Greetings: Long low bow, be
prepared to exchange business cards, address your host by their last name and the add the word san.
Japan (continued)
• Punctuality: Punctuality is advisable for both business or social engagements.
• Gift giving: Japanese enjoy receiving gifts, however, gifts should be wrapped in pastel-colored paper, but no bows. Never surprise Japanese with a gift.
Japan (Gifts continued)
• Gifts given in twos are supposed to bring good luck. Cuff links and pen and pencil sets are well received.
• Japanese particularly relish gifts of brandy and steaks.
• If you are offered a gift, thank the person and wait for one or two more offers before accepting it. Receive the gift with both hands.
Japan (Gifts continued)
• Never give four of anything, as one Japanese word for four is also the word for death.
• Hospitality: If you visit a Japanese home, remove your hat and gloves once inside the entrance to the house and then remove your shoes. Flowers are not customary for the hostess, however, a box of candy/chocolates is appropriate.
Japan (Hospitality continued)
• Visitors should be prepared to be invited by their business colleagues to lavish dinner parties, which may last for hours.
• Parties are usually held in Japanese restaurants or night clubs.
• Conversation: Always avoid World War II!
China • General Protocol: Refer to their country as the
“ People’s Republic of China” or simply “China.”
• Tipping is an insult to Chinese.
• Names/Greetings: A slight bow is appropriate when meeting someone. A handshake is also acceptable. The Chinese are quite formal and will use the full title of guests during introductions.
China (continued)
• Appointments/Punctuality: Prior appointments are necessary. Be prepared to wait a long time for Chinese businessmen to reach a decision.
• Foreign businessmen usually find that a trip to China is highly organized and punctuality is very important.
China (continued)
• A visit to a Chinese home is rare - unless the government has given prior approval.
• Guest should plan to arrive a little early and leave shortly after the meal.
• During the meal, be prepared to toast your host expressing thanks, pleasure, and friendship.
China (Hospitality continued)
• It is polite to sample every dish, and when eating rice, it is customary to hold the bowl close to your mouth.
• Business is generally not discussed during meals.
• Gifts of any great value can cause embarrassment and usually not accepted by the Chinese.
China (continued) • Conversation: Good topics for
discussion include differences between China and the West, and the advances the Chinese have made.
• Avoid mentioning Taiwan and do not criticize the Chinese leadership.
Hong Kong • General Protocol:The people of Hong Kong
are reserved and formal in almost all situations.
• Avoid conflicts which would cause the Chinese to lose face.
• Blue and white are Chinese colors for morning and should be avoided.
• Have an abundant supply of business cards available.
Hong Kong (continued) • Names/Greetings: When greeting and leaving,
handshakes are common.
• After the initial handshake, business cards are presented with both hands.
• Appointments/Punctuality: When appointments are made, a thirty - minute “courtesy time” is often allotted. However, business situations are usually punctual.
Hong Kong (continued)
• Hospitality/Gifts: A guest should take a gift of fruit, candy, or cookies when invited to dinner and present it to the hostess with both hands.
• Never begin to eat or drink before your host does.
• Gifts are exchanged during the Chinese New Year.
Hong Kong (Gifts continued)
• Gifts to avoid: Clocks, which symbolize death, and scissors, symbolizing the severing of relationships.
• Conversation: “DOR-jay” is thank someone for a gift, while “Ng-GOI” is to thank someone for a service rendered.
Hong Kong (Conversation continued)
• Chinese are delighted with Westerners who speak their language, a phrase in Cantonese is greatly admired - however, be sure of your punctuation.
• Casual inquiries about health or business are considered polite conversation.
• Avoid conversation concerning the political situation in China.
South Korea
• General Protocol: Avoid talking or laughing loudly in any situation.
• Koreans, especially women cover their mouth when laughing.
• Women’s liberation has not yet been accepted.
• Men go through doors first and women help men with coats.
South Korea (Protocol continued)
• Blowing your nose in front of others is considered bad manners.
• Shoes are always removed before entering a Korean home or restaurant.
South Korea (continued) • Names/Greetings: Men greet each other
by bowing slightly and shaking hands with both hands or with the right hand.
• Women do not shake hands.• Family names come first, then the given
name. • It is difficult to distinguish male from
female names among Koreans.
South Korea (continued)
• Appointments/Punctuality: Prior appointments are necessary and, while punctuality is not of great importance, Westerners are expected to arrive on time.
South Korea (continued)
• Hospitality/Gifts: Business entertainment is considered very important and is usually limited to restaurants and bars.
• Wives are rarely included.
• All courses of a meal are served at once.
• If you are invited to a Korean home, it would be appropriate to take flowers or a small gift, and offer it with both hands.
• Gifts are not to be opened in front of the giver.
South Korea (continued)
• Conversation: Avoid discussions of socialism, communism, internal politics, and criticism of the government.
Taiwan
• General Protocol: Patience is important. By American standards, Taiwanese businessmen can take a long time to reach a decision.
• Shoes are not worn in some homes, “slippers” are substituted, observe your host.
Taiwan (continued)
• Names/Greetings: A handshake is customary when meeting acquaintances and close friends. A nod is appropriate when meeting someone for the first time. A slight bow shows respect, but it should not be overdone.
Taiwan (continued)
• Appointments/Punctuality: If you arrive at your appointment shortly before or after the scheduled time, it is perfectly acceptable.
• Hospitality/Gifts: Entertainment is usually offered in restaurants and not in the home.
• Taiwanese meals are elaborate and exhausting.
Taiwan (Hospitality/Gifts continued)
• Be prepared to eat sparingly during the early stages of what could be a twenty course meal.
• Toasts are common; kampai means “bottoms up.”
• Chopsticks and a ceramic spoon are common eating utensils.
Taiwan (Hospitality/Gifts continued)
• A small gift such as candy, fruit, or cookies is appropriate when visiting a family at home.
• Both hands should be used when handing a gift or other object to another person.
• Thank - you notes are a must and are appreciated.
Taiwan (continued)
• Conversation: Avoid discussing mainland China and local politics.
Mexico
• General Protocol: Mexico City’s high altitude, smog, and traffic should be anticipated.
• Care must be taken in drinking the water.
• Mexico has a friendly, gracious, and easygoing business atmosphere.
Mexico (continued)
• Names/Greetings: Handshakes are customary. However, long time friends may engage in a full embrace - the abrazo.
• Women often greet each other with a kiss on the cheek.
Mexico (continued)
• Appointments/Punctuality: The two or three-hour siesta is a bad time for business appointments.
• Hospitality/Gifts: Gifts are not customary, but appreciated.
• Gifts may be wrapped and presented as you would in the U.S.
Mexico (Hospitality/Gifts continued)
• If you send flowers, remember that for some Mexicans yellow flowers symbolic of death, red flowers cast spells, and white flowers lift spells.
• Thank - you notes are appreciated.
Mexico (continued)
• Conversation: Mexican’s appreciate a visitor’s efforts to speak Spanish.
• Avoid historical and political topics such as the Mexican War and illegal aliens.
• Safe topics include the weather, fashion, travel, art, and museums and parks.
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