WWII Rages On. U.S. & Allies 1941 March 1941: The Lend Lease Act – FDR could lend or lease...

WWII Rages On

U.S. & Allies 1941

• March 1941: The Lend Lease Act – FDR could lend or lease arms & supplies to any country vital to the U.S.

• Hitler orders unrestricted sub warfare• Roosevelt & Churchill meet secretly &

issue the Atlantic Charter – upholds free trade & the right to choose own government

• *serves as Allied peace plan at war’s end

Roosevelt & ChurchillThe Atlantic Charter

December 7, 1941Pearl Harbor

• U.S. knew attack was planned, but did not know where or when…

• Japan sinks or damages 19 ships (8 battleships) in 2hrs.

• Over 2300 Americans killed, 1100 wounded

• FDR declares it “A date which will live in infamy” & Congress declares war

Japan on the Attack

• Japanese had taken French Indochina -1941 (Viet Nam, Cambodia, & Laos)

• Planning to take over European colonies & U.S. controlled Philippines, Guam, & Wake

• FDR cut off oil shipments to Japan

• Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto designs attack on the U.S. fleet in Hawaii

Japanese Victories

• Guam & Wake fall quickly• 1942 – March on Manila, Philippines – U.S. &

Filipino forces take up defensive on Bataan Peninsula. Philippines fall after 3 months.

• Seize Hong Kong, invade Malaya – Singapore surrenders

• Conquers Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), then Burma

• 1mil. Sq.miles, 150mil people

Allies Strike Back• Doolittle’s raid: 16 B-25 bombers

commanded by Lt. Jimmy Doolittle bomb Tokyo & other Japanese cities – April 18, 1942

• Psych up U.S. – shows Japan can be reached for attack by air

Battle of the Coral SeaMay 7-8 1942

• new naval warfare: Aircraft Carriers

• Allies loose more ships & men – but stops Japan’s southward advance

Admiral Chester Nimitz

• Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet

Battle of Midway – June 1942

• Turning Point Battle in the Pacific

• Code breakers learn the Japanese carriers led by Admiral Yamamoto are headed toward Midway (U.S. airbase)

• U.S. planes are able to find fleet and attack

• U.S. destroys 332 planes and all 4 carriers

• Yamamoto forced to withdraw

General Douglas MacArthur

• Commander of Allied Force in the Pacific

MacArthur’s Allied Offensive

• “Island-hoping”: by-pass Japanese strongholds – seize islands that are not well defended & closer to Japan

• Battle of Guadalcanal – U.S. marines stop Japanese from building a huge airbase on the island – August 1942 – February 1943

• 6 mos. of fighting – Japanese lose 24,000 of 36,000 force “Island of Death”

OPERATION OVERLORDD-DAY

• Allies began secretly building an invasion force in G.B.

• Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower – Commander

• Begins on June 6, 1944 at dawn

• Despite heavy losses, Allies hold the beachheads

• Within a month – over a million troops landed in Normandy

• July 25th the United States Third Army – led by Gen. George Patton breaks out

• By Sept., Allies liberate France, Belgium, and Luxembourg