“You may think that polymers are so common that they grow on trees... Well, you're right....

“You may think that polymers are so common that they grow on trees... Well, you're right. When they say that polymers are everywhere, they mean it. In fact polymers have been in nature from the beginning. All living things - plants, animals, and people - are made of polymers.”

http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/natural.htm

NATURAL – Natural means to be made by nature.POLYMER – Polymers are long chains that are made up of many molecules (monomers).

MONOMER MONOMER MONOMER

POLYMER

H H

O

I’m Molly Cool (of water that is)

Therefore, a natural polymer is a polymer that is found in nature. They are in our DNA and RNA,

wood, cotton, and shell fish! To sum up, it is easy to say that

natural polymers are found in almost everything that is not

man-made!

Which are the building group of animals. They are polymers of alpha amino acids. It is found in silk, collagen and keratin.

DNA

Proteins

Which includes RNA and DNA. They contain polymer backbones that are based on sugars and are polysaccharides.

CarbohydratesWhich are the most abundant class of organic compounds found in living organisms. It is found in cellulose, starch, and glycogen.

The simplest of the carbohydrates that are classified as either an aldehyde or a ketone with one or more hydroxyl groups. They are usually found as colourless, water-soluble, crystalline solids.

• One sugar molecule (the basic molecular unit of all carbohydrates).• A carbon backbone that may range between 3 – 7 carbon atoms. • The carbon atoms have a hydrogen and a hydroxyl group attached to them. •Chemical Formula: (CH2O)n (simple sugars) or Cx(H2O)y

•Chemical Structure: H(CHOH)nC=O(CHOH)mH.

•If n or m is zero, it is an aldehyde and is termed an aldose; otherwise,

it is a ketone and is termed a ketose. •Monosaccharides contain either a ketone or aldehyde functional group, and hydroxyl groups on most or all of the non-carbonyl carbon atoms.

aldehyde ketone

• A sugar containing

one ketone group per molecule.• A ketone contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two other carbon atoms. Acetone is the simplest example of a ketone• The ketose is attached to the second carbonlocated on the chain.

• A sugar containing

•one aldehyde group per molecule.• An aldehyde contains a carbonyl centre bonded to hydrogen and an R group. Formaldehyde is the simplest example of an aldehyde. •The aldose is attached to the first carbon on the chain.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acetone-3D-vdW.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Acetone-3D-balls.png

http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/7/3/l/formaldehyde.jpg

1. Each name ends with the suffix “ose” 2. Classified by the number of carbons

(triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, heptose...) For each carbon chain there is one oxygen for each carbon

3. Classified by the type of carbonyl group: ALDOSE (-CHO) carbonyl on carbon-1 (aldehyde)* use the prefix “aldo” KETOSE (C=O) carbonyl on carbon-2 (ketone)* use the prefic “keto”EXAMPLE: RIBOSE = aldopentose FRUCTOSE = ketohexose C

C

C

C

C

O

H

Aldopentose

C

C=O

C

C

C

CKetohexose

http://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2006/11/name-this-molecule.html

NAME THAT MONOSACCHARIDE!

Aldotriose Ketotriose Aldohexose (D-Glucose) Ketopentose (Ribulose)

GOOD JOB!

CYCLIC FORMS OF MONOSACCHARIDES• Cyclic hemiacetal forms are the most preferred structural form of a monosaccharide.• Cyclic structures are termed as either furanose (five-membered) of pyranose (six-membered).

Furanose(Fructose)

Pyranose (b-D-glucose)

• The upper bond to the carbon is called a beta, and the lower bond is called an alpha.

http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/carbhyd.htmhttp://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch25/ch25-2-3.html

• When you are naming a cyclic form, you take the prefix of the original monosaccharide and then take the suffix “furanose” or “pyranose”. • Determine whether it is alpha, beta or both. • The “D” or “L” located in the name represents its configuration family.

REACTIONS/SYNTHESIS!DEHYDRATIONWhen a molecule of water is removed from the reactants to join the reactants together.

http://www.infolizer.com/?title=dehydration+synthesis+of+glucose

REACTIONS/SYNTHESIS!OXIDATIONis a process where a substance adds on an oxygen or loses a hydrogen.

GLYCOSIDE FORMATION (reaction as a cyclic hemiacetal)

http://www.umd.umich.edu/casl/natsci/chem/decamp/c226/Reactions%20of%20monosaccharides.pdfhttp://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/carbhyd.htm

Where Can You Find Natural Polymers?

COTTON( A form of cellulose)

USED IN CLOTHING

RUBBERUSED IN RUBBER BOOTS

PLASTICUSED IN CDS & CONTAINERS

PEOPLE, ANIMALS(From DNA and RNA)

FOOD(From DNA and RNA)

http://www.thewhiskystore.de/experts/starch.htm

OUR MODEL OFGLUCOSE

REFERENCESVARIOUS PHOTOS: PowerPoint Microsoft ClipartOrganic Chemistry Joseph M. Hornback

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Pl-Pr/Polymers-Natural.htmlhttp://www.chem.fsu.edu/rlight/4053su01/Lectures/chapter07.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyranosehttp://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/glucose2.htmlhttp://www.infolizer.com/?title=dehydration+synthesis+of+glucose