112321 112333 wirless application protocol
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- 1. Devloped By Chocha Ashok p.(112321) Darji Darshan (112333)
Wirless Application Protocol
- 2. Introduction Wirless Application Protocol is designed for
access to Internet and advanced telyphony services from mobile
phones. WAP pays proper sensitivity to the constraints of these
devices like small display,limited keys on the keypad, no pointer
devices like mouse etc. Though WAP can be used from a variety of
networks, GPRS and 3G networks are more suited for these
applications.
- 3. Wirless Data and WAP In 1992, Nippon Telygraph and Telephone
Corporation(NTT), telephone company in japan a wirless division and
named it DoCoMo. DoCoMo devloped a language called cHTML(Compant
Hyper Text Markup Language) and a getway. In 1994, in USA a company
named Unwired Planet was founded to develop and market a platform
for Internet access through wirless devices like PDA. HDML
HDTP(1995) In 1995, Ericsson another leading wirless company in
europe began work on a protocol known as ITTP (Intelligent Terminal
Transfer Protocol) .ITTP was designed with the intent of making it
easy for call control and add services to mobile telyphony
platforms.
- 4. Wirless Data and WAP In 1997, Nokia wirless company in
Europe devloped the TTML(Tagged Text Mark-up Language) In June
1997, Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia and Unwired Planet Join hands to
launch the WAP Forum. WAP Forum is now known as Open Mobile
Aliance. The goal of this effort was to produce a refined,
licence-free protocol,whice is independent of the underlying ailink
standard.The first release of the WAP 1.0 specifications was
released in the spring of 1998.
- 5. WAP Architecture WAP forum devlops standards for application
deployement over wirless devices like PDAs and mobile phones.
- 6. WAE WAE stand for Wireless Application Environment. The
application environment of WAE comprises multiple components to
provide facilities like. User Agent:-the browser or a client
proggram. Wireless Markup Language:-a lightweight markup language.
wml Script:- a lightweight client side scripting language.
- 7. WAE The primery objective of WAP application enviroment(WAE)
is to provide an interoperable enviroment to build services in
wireless space. A WAP request from the browser(User Agent) is
routed through a WAP gateway. The gateway acts as an intermidiary
between the client and network through a wireless last
mile(GSM,GPRS,CDMA). The gateway does encoding and decoding of data
transferred from and to the mobile user agent.
- 8. WAE
- 9. WAE(User Agent) In WWW and WAE context, user agent is the
user facing browser software. WAE(User Agent Profile):- The user
Agent profile specification allows WAP to notify the content server
about the device capability. UserProfile is also reffered to as
Capability and Preference Information(CPI). CPI is passed from the
WAP client to the origin server through intermediate network
points. The CPI may include, hardware
characteristics(screen,size,color capabilities,image capabilities,
etc) software charectoristics (operating system vendor and
version,list of audio and video encoders, etc)application/user
preferances (browser mnufacturer and version,markup languages and
versions supported,scripting language supported).
- 10. WAP(wml) WML stand for Wireless Markup Language. Tag-based
document manipulation language. WML is designed to specify
presentation and user interection on mobile phones and other
wireless devices. WML Support text and images: WML implements a
deck and card metaphor a deck is logical representation of
document. Deck are made up of multiple cards. Each WML card, in a
deck ,performs a specific task for a particular user
interaction.
- 11. WAP(wml) WML has a wide variety of features: Support for
text and Images: Emphasis elements like bold,italic,big, etc. Line
breaks models like line Wrapping, Line Wrapping suppression,etc.
Tab Columns that support simple tabbing alignment. Support for User
Input: Task invocation Controls: International Support: State and
Context Management:
- 12. WAP(wmlScript) WMLScript is an extended subset of
JavaScript . WMLScript is used to do client side processing . It
can be used very effectively to add intelligence to the client and
enhance the user interface. WMLScript provides the application
Programmer with a variety of interesting capabilities. The ability
to do local validation of user input before it is sent to the
content server. The ability to access device resources, function,
and peripherals The ability to interact with the user without
reference to the origin server.
- 13. WSP WSP stand for Wireless Session Protocol. WSP provides a
consistent interface between two session services(client and
server). It provides the cooperating client/server application to:
Establish a reliable session from client to server and close it in
an orderly manner. Agree on a common level of protocol
functionality using capability negotiation. Exchange content
between client and server using compact encoding Suspend and resume
the session. Scope of WSP is suited mostly for browsing application
. It offers both connection-oriented and connectionless service.
Connectionless service is most suitable when application do not
need reliable delivery of data and do not care about confirmation.
The connection-oriented session services are divided info following
categories:
- 14. WSP WSP stand for Wireless Session Protocol. WSP provides a
consistent interface between two session services(client and
server). It provides the cooperating client/server application to:
Establish a reliable session from client to server and close it in
an orderly manner. Agree on a common level of protocol
functionality using capability negotiation. Exchange content
between client and server using compact encoding Suspend and resume
the session. Scope of WSP is suited mostly for browsing application
. It offers both connection-oriented and connectionless service.
Connectionless service is most suitable when application do not
need reliable delivery of data and do not care about confirmation.
The connection-oriented session services are divided info following
categories:
- 15. WSP Session Management facility. Method Invocation
facility. Exception Reporting facility. Push facility. Confirmed
Push facility. Session Resume facility. WSP is designed to function
on the transaction and datagram services between WAE and WTP WSP is
a transaction-oriented protocol based on the concept of a request
and a reply. WSP also defines a server Push operation, in which the
server sends unrequested content to a client device (e.g. broadcast
messages)
- 16. WSP Runs on top of a datagram service. The WAP transaction
protocol (WTP) layer provides transaction support, adding
reliability to the datagram service provided by WDP. Light weight
transaction-oriented protocol Three classes of transaction services
Unreliable one-way requests Reliable one-way requests Reliable
two-way request-reply transactions Runs on Optional user-to-user
reliability: WTP user triggers the confirmation of each received
message Optional out-of-band data on acknowledgements PDU
concatenation and delayed acknowledgement to reduce the number of
messages sent Asynchronous transactions.
- 17. WTLS WTLS stand for Wireless Transport Layer Security.
Based on industry-standard Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol
Optimized for use over narrow-band communication channels Features:
Data integrity WTLS contains facilities to ensure that data sent
between the terminal and an application server is unchanged and
uncorrupted. Privacy: WTLS contains facilities to ensure that data
transmitted between the terminal and an application server is
private and cannot be seen by any intermediate parties that may
have intercepted the data stream. Authentication: WTLS contains
facilities to establish the authenticity of the terminal and
application server . Denial-of-service protection: WTLS contains
facilities for detecting and rejecting data that is replayed or not
successfully verfied,WTLS makes many typical denial-of-service
attacks harder to accomplish and protects the upper protocol
layers.
- 18. WDP WDP stand for Wireless Datagram Protocol. The WAP
datagram protocol (WDP) is the Transport layer that sends and
receives messages via any available bearer network, including SMS,
USSD, CSD, CDPD, IS136 packet data, and GPRS. Operates above the
data capable bearer services supported by various network types.
Provides a common interface to the upper layer protocols and hence
they function independent of the underlying wireless network.
- 19. WAP Gateway Wap gateway acts as a middleware which performs
coding and encoding between cellular device and webserver. Wap
gateway can be located either in telecomnetwork or compurt data
network. Wap device requests for a WAP page using URL the gateway
establishes a connection to the WAPsite. Wap page is compiled and
converted into binary code. Binary code less space compared to the
WMLsource. Basic funcation of a WAP gateway are: Implementing WAP
protocol stack Protocol translation between phone and server
Compress WML pages to save bandwidth User authentication and
billing. WAP protocols are designed to operate over a variety of
different bearer services,including short message,circuit-switched
data and packetdata . The bearers offer different level of quality
of service with respect to throughput,error rate,and delayes. Wap
protocols are designed in such a fashion that it can compensate for
or tolerate this varying level ofQOS(Quality of Service)
- 20. WAP Gateway Many Wap gateway include additional funcations
these relate to user authentication and charging for charging it
captures the usages data the gateway does not actually include a
billing system itself but it provides the user and the service
provider the usage data.the usage data is given to the billing
system of the operator. The Gateway is also responsible for
optimizing WAP usage as far as possible the gateway keeps the
number of packets small to keep costs down and make the best use of
available bandwidth.
- 21. Thank You