Ayurvedic anatomy of Gastero intestinal Tract

Department of Shareera Rachana welcomes you

AYURVEDIC ANATOMY OF GIT

PRESENTERDR. THRIJIL KRISHNAN E MDEPT. OF SHAREERA RACHANA

GUIDEDR. UMA B GOPALASSOCIATE PROFESSORDEPT. OF SHAREERA RACHANA

•Introduction•Definition of GIT•Development of GIT•Structures including under the heading GIT•Concept of Kostanga•Concept of Asaya•Conclusion•References

Contents

GIT

• The human gastrointestinal tract is the stomach and intestine, sometimes including all the structures from the mouth to the anus.

• The "digestive system" is a broader term that includes other structures, including the accessory organs of digestion

• Synonym : Alimentary tract or Alimentary canal

5

The digestive system perform six basic functions

1. Ingestion2. Secretion3. Mixing and propulsion4. Digestion5. Absorption6. Defecation

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• In an adult male human, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is 5 -7 metres long in a live subject

• Up to 7-9 metres without the effect of muscle tone, and consists of the upper and lower GI tracts.

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HUMAN GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT

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Upper GIT– Oral cavity – Pharynx– Oesophagus

Lower GIT– Stomach– Small intestine – Large intestine

Accessory digestive organs– Teeth– Tongue– Salivary glands– Liver – Gall bladder– Pancreas

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PRIMITIVE GUT – 14TH Day.*Differentiation of primitive gut intoForegut,

Midgut Hind gut - 3RD Week

FOREGUT *Stomatodeum and oral membrane.

*Rupture during 4th week to communicate with

the exterior through the oral cavity *Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach & A

part of Duodenum

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MID GUT*Opens into the yolk sac – 5th week*After 5th week, yolk sac constricts, detaches

from midgut & midgut seals.*Remaining part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum,

portion of large intestine.

HIND GUT*Proctodaeum & Cloacal membrane– rupture &

communicate with exterior through anus.*Remaining part of the large intestine

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• LAYERS OF THE GI TRACT

1.MUCOSAEPITHELIUMTHE LAMINA PROPRIAMUSCULARIS MUCOSA

2.SUBMUCOSA3.MUSCULAR4.SEROSA

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Introduction To Ayurvedic Anatomy

• वि�ज्ञा�ना�र्थं� शरी�रीस्य भि�षजां�� य�वि�ना�मवि� । Su Su 3/17

• श�क्र श�णी�तं� ����शयस्थं� आत्मप्रकृ" वितंवि�कृ�री सम्म%र्च्छि'(तं� ��� इत्य�च्यतं+ । तं� चे+तंना��स्थिस्थंतं� ��य�र्वि�(�जांवितं तं+जां एना� �चेवितं आ�0 क्ले+दयन्ति5तं �"थिर्थं�� स�हन्ति5तं आकृ�श� वि��र्ध�यवितं, ए�� वि��र्धिर्ध(तं0 स यद� हस्तं��दजिजांह्वघ्रा�णीकृणी� विनातंम्बा�दिदभि�री��?रु�+तंस्तंद� शरी�री इवितं स�ज्ञा� ले�तं+,

• तंच्च षडं��� श�खा�चेतंस्रो� मध्य� �ञ्जम� षष्ठं� थिशरी इवितं । Su. Sha. 5 /3

14

DESCRIPTIONS OF BODY PARTS BY BHAVAMISRA

• Instead of Shadanga - Ashtanga• 1.Shira• 2.Greeva• 3.Bahu Yugalam• 4.Vaksha• 5.Udaram• 6. Parswadwayam• 7.Prishtavamsam & Prishtam• 8. 2 Sakthi

15

DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANS ACC. TO AYURVEDA

तंत्र ���स्य वि�तं"जांम�तं"जांरीसजां�त्मजांसत्त्�जां स�त्म्यजां�विना शरी�रीलेक्षणी�विना व्या�ख्य�स्य�म0 ���स्य कृ+ शश्मश्रु�ले�म�स्थिस्थंनाखाद5तंथिसरी�स्ना�य� र्धमना�री+तं0 प्र�"तं�विना स्थिस्थंरी�भिणी वि�तं"जां�विना म��स श�भिणीतंम+द�मज्जहृन्ना�भि�यकृ" त्प्ले�ह�5त्र��द प्र�"तं�विना म"दूविना म�तं"जां�विना शरी�री��चेय� बाले� �णी�0 स्थिस्थंवितंह��विनाश्च रीसजां�विना इजि5Uय�भिणी ञा�ना� वि�ञा�नाम�य�0 स�खादुः0खा�दिदकृ� चे�त्मजां�विना सत्�जां�5य�त्तरीत्र �क्ष्य�म0 ��य�म�री�ग्य� बाले�णी[ म+र्ध� चे स�त्म्यजां�विना ।

Su Sha 4 /23

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DEVELOPMENT ACC. TO AYURVEDA……

• ���स्य यकृ" त्प्ले�ह�ना\ श�भिणीतंजां\...• श�भिणीतं विकृट्ट् _̂प्र�� उण्डं�कृ0• अस"जां0 श्ले+ष्मणीश्च�वि� य0 प्रस�द0 �री� मतं0 तं� �च्यम�ना� वि�त्त+ना ��य�श्च�प्यना�र्ध��वितं । तंतं� अस्य आ5त्र�भिणी जां�य5तं+ ��द� बास्तिस्तंश्च द+विहना0 उदरी+ �च्यम�ना�ना�� आध्म�ना�द्रुक्मस�री�तं_ ।• कृफश�भिणीतंम��स�ना�� स�री�तं_ जिजांह्व� प्रजां�यतं+ ।• आशय्य�भ्य�सय��+ना कृरी�त्य�शयस���म_ ।

Su Sha. 4/26-30

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KOSHTA AND ASAYA

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Importance of koshta

• MüÉå¸ - MÑüwÉç AÉuÉUhÉå • mÉÑÇÍxÉ MüÉå¸ÉåÅliÉeÉïPûUÇ…|• MÑüwrÉiÉå | MÑüwÉÌlÉwMüwÉåï. AqÉUMüÉåwÉ-3/3/40• Maha srothas• Shareera madhya• Mahanimna• Amasaya• Pakwasaya• Abhyantara rogamarga• cha.soo. 11/48Acc to Susrutha• xjÉÉlÉÉÌlÉ AÉqÉÎalÉmÉYuÉÉlÉÉÇ qÉÔ§ÉxrÉ ÂÍkÉUxrÉ cÉ| WØûSÒhQÒûMüÈ TÑümmÉÑxÉ¶É MüÉå· CirÉÍpÉkÉÏrÉiÉå||

su.chi 2/9

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STRUCTURES MENTIONED IN CLASSICS RELATED TO KOSTA

Mandhyamanga 117 types of Asthi –

Su Sha. 5

59 types of kostagatha asthi sandhi explained- Su sha 5

230 types of snayu explained by Susrutha

• 66 type of mamsa pesi in kosta

guda = 3 One among the vrana adhisthana

is kosta

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Kostangas according to different acharyas

• mÉgcÉSvÉ MüÉå·ÉXçaÉÉÌlÉ; iɱiÉÉ-- lÉÉÍpɶÉ, ¾ÕûSrÉÇ cÉ, YsÉÉåqÉ cÉ, rÉM×üccÉ, msÉÏWûÉ cÉ, uÉ×YMüÉæ cÉ, oÉÎxiɶÉç, mÉÑUÏwÉÉkÉÉU¶É, AÉqÉÉvÉrɶÉ, mÉYuÉÉvÉrÉ¶É E¨ÉUaÉÑSÇ cÉ, AkÉUaÉÑSÇ cÉ, ¤ÉÑSìÉl§ÉÇ cÉ, xjÉÔsÉÉl§ÉÇ cÉ, uÉmÉÉuÉWûlÉÇ cÉåÌiÉ || cÉ.vÉÉ.7/10

• MüÉå·XçaÉÉÌlÉ ÎxjÉiÉÉlrÉåwÉÑ WØûSrÉÇ YsÉÉåqÉ TÑümmÉÑxÉqÉç|

rÉM×üimsÉÏWûÉåhQÒûMüÇ uÉÚMüÉæ lÉÉÍpÉÌQûqpÉÉl§ÉoÉxiÉrÉÈ||

A.WØû.vÉÉ.3/12

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Kostangas according to different acharyasCHARAKA SUSRUTHA ASTANGA

HRIDAYAMASTANGA SANGRAHAM

NABHI UTTARAGUDHA AMASAYA HRIDAYAM HRIDAYA

HRIDAYA ADHARAGUDHA AGNI ASAYA KLOMA KLOMA

KLOMA KUSHDRANTHRAM PAKWASAYA PHUPHUSA PHUPPUSA

YAKRITH STOOLANDRAM MOOTRASAYA YAKRITH YAKRITH

PLEEHA VAPAVAHANAM RUDHIRASAYA PLEEHA PLEEHA

VRIKKA HRIDAYAM UNDUKAM UNDUKA

VASTHI UNDUKAM VRIKKAs VRIKKA

PUREESHADARA PHUPPUSAM NABHI ANTHRA

AMASAYA DIMBHA

PAKWASAYA ANTHRA

PAYU

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KOSTA BHINNA

1. MOORCHA2. HRIDPARSWA VEDANA3. JWARA4. DAHA5. TRID6. ADMANAM7. BHAKTHASYA ANABHUNANDANAM8. SWASA9. SWEDA10. AKSHIRAKTHATHA11. ASASYA LOHAGANDHATWAM12. GATRA VIGANTHADA

Su. Chi 2/13-15

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KOSHTA BHEDAM

• 1. KLISHTANDRAM

• 2. CHINNANTHRAM

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Concept of Ashaya in Ayurveda

• Adhistana

• आशय� र्ध�तं�म�ना अ�स्थं�ना प्रद+श …………

श्ले+ष्म�शय स्य�दुःरीथिस तंस्म�द�म�शयस्त्�र्ध0 ।ऊध्��मग्5य�शय� ना��+���म ���+ व्या�स्थिस्थंतं0।तंस्य��रिरी वितंले� ञा+य� तंदर्ध0 ��ना�शय0 । मले�शयस्त्�र्ध0 तंस्म�तं_ �स्तिस्तंम%�त्र�श्यस्त्�र्ध0 ।जां��रीक्ता�शयम�री� ञा+य�0 सप्तं�शयस्त्�म� । श�री_��र्धरी

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Asayas acc to different AcharyasSusrutha Astanga sangraha sarangadhara

1 Raktasaya Rakthasaya Jeevarakthasaya

2 Sleshmasaya Kaphasaya Sleshmasaya

3 Amasaya Amasaya Amasaya

4 Pittasaya Pittasaya Agniyasaya

5 Pakwasaya Pakwasaya Malasaya

6 Vatasaya Vatasaya Pavanasaya

7 Mootrasaya Mootrasaya mootrasaya

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DESCRIPTION OF ORGANS RELATED TO GIT ACCORDING TO AYURVEDA

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• Mukha:• oshta,ganda,dantha,danthamool, jihwa,talu ,gala

& sarvasyam all together constitute the Mukha, which helps in annagrahana, charvana, kledana, swalpa pachana

Ah. Utta. 21/65• 2 Srikkani – charaka Susruth measurement • Mukha greevam – 24 anguli –• Mukhaayamam – 12 Anguli

Su. Soo. 35

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Ostha:• The pair of lips which the muscular organs partially covered

with skin and partially by mucous layer helps in the articulation of the speech and also securing the food materials in the mouth during mastication by mutual fastening.2 oshta explained by Acharya charaka- Angapratyanga vivarana 2 mamsa pesi present in oshta

Gandakapala type of Asthi is seen2 ganda – charaka Angapratyanga vivarana

2 type Asthi present- susrutha Shareera 5 1 Asthi sandhi – Susrutha Shareera 5

2 mamsa pesi present -

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द5तं• रुचेकृ�स्थिस्थं प्रकृ�री तंत्र मध्य+ द्वा���त्तरी\ री�जां द5तं स�ञा\ ��तं0 । तंय�0 उ�यतं0 ��र्श्व�य�रीवि� �स्तं\ । तंय��रिरी द�ष्ट्रे+ । श+ष�0 स्�रूढा� ह�नाव्या� इवितं । कृ�. स�. • द5तं�+ष्टकृ । अ हृ स% २९• द5तं म��स�विना । स� विना १६• द5तं म%ले+ष� । अ हृ उ २१• Ulookhala type of Asthi sandhi – Su• Length of Dasana 2 Angula• 12 snayus in Uttara and adhara dantha mamsam

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जिजांह्व�• आप्य� जिजांह्व� रीस क्ले+द� । अ हृ अरुणीदत्त• जिजांह्व� शब्द+ना�त्र जिजांह्व�य� वि�थिशष्ट एकृद+श� रीसना+जि5Uय�धिर्धष्ट�ना� वि��भिक्षतं0

ना स�z� जिजांह्व�।स���� स�5दरी�

• जिजांह्व� तंले, जिजांह्व� म%ले । स� विना १६• Kapha stanam jihwa• Shad rasam importance• 1 sevani is present in Jihva• 1 mamsa pesi present in Jihva – su• 5 types of snayu – acc to AS• 16 types of siras - AS . Sharee 6/8

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TALU

• Talu and cloma are the moolastana of udakavaha srothas

• Manso stanam above the thalu according to Bhela• Kapala type of asthi seen• 1 talu – Charaka Angapratyanga vivarana• 2 asthi- charaka in the contest of Asthi sankhya • 2 mamsa pesi present

GALA OR KANTA

kanta one among the Dasapranayathana 4 types of Kanta nadi explained by susrutha 1 mamsa pesi present

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Asthi Dhamani Mamsa peshi Asthi sandhi

mukha

Oshta 2

Ganda 2(Su) 2 1

Danta 3232 ( hanyo ulookhalani)

32 ( danta moola)

Jihva 2 1

Talu 2 ( cha)1 ( Su)

2

Gala 1 3

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MAIN ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES FORMING GIT

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AMASHAYA –

ना�भि�स्तना�न्तरं जन्त�रं�मा�शयमा�दा�हृत� । श� प्र ख

तंत्र�म�शय वि�त्त�शय��रिरीष्ट�तं_ ॥ ११स� स%

तंत्र आम�शय� वि�श+ष+णी वि�त्त स्थं�नाम_ ।। चेरीकृ

�+शय0 द्वा+ आम�शय+ ॥ अ स� ४

Sushira type of snyau – End of pakwasaya, Amasaya and vasti

Situated inbetween nabhi and sthana.

ÌmɨÉxjÉÉlÉåvÉÑ AÉqÉÉvÉrÉ CÌiÉ AqÉÉvÉrÉÉã AkÉÉãpÉÉaÉÈ |

vsÉãwqÉxjÉÉlÉåvÉÑ AÉqÉÉvÉrÉÈ AqÉÉvÉrÉÉãkuÉïpÉÉaÉÈ || cÉ¢üÈ, cÉ xÉÔ 20.

1.Urdhwa amashaya – kaphasthana – kledaka kapha.

2.Adhoamashaya – pittasthana- pachakapitta.

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Urdhwa amashaya- kledaka kapha.Aharakledana.Annasanghata.

Avastha pakam- madhuree bhutham

Adhoamashaya..... तंत्र �क्��म�शय मध्य�म_ ।�ञ्चे�%तं�त्मकृत्�+ अवि� यत्त?जांस ��णी�दय�तं_ ।त्यक्ता U�त्�� ��कृ�दिद कृम�णी� अनाले शब्दिब्दतंम_ ।�चेत्यन्ना� वि��जांतं+ स�रीविकृट्टौ\ �"र्थंकृ_ तंद� ।तंत्रस्थंम+� वि�त्त�ना�� श�षणी�मप्यना�ग्रह�।कृरी�वितं बालेद�ना+ना ��चेकृ� ना�म तंतं_ स्म"तंम_ ।

अ हृ स% १२/१०-१२

36

• Diseases in Amasaya– Jwara & chardhi– Atisara– Swasa– Kamala

37

Grahani• तंदधिर्धष्ठं�नामन्नास्य ग्रह��द_ ग्रहणी� मतं� । स?� र्ध5�5तंरिरीमतं+ कृले�वि�त्तर्धरी�ह्वय� ॥ आय�री�री�ग्य��य[जां� �%तंर्ध�त्��ब्दिग्ना ��ष्टय+ । स्थिस्थंतं� �क्��शयद्वा�रिरी ��क्ताम�����ले?� स� ॥ ��क्ताम�म�शय+ रुद_ध्�� स वि���च्य नामत्यर्ध0 । बाले�त्यबाले�व्तंन्नाम�मम+� वि�म�ञ्जवितं ॥ ग्रहण्य� बालेमब्दिग्नार्विह( स चे�वि� ग्रहणी�बालेम_ । दूविषतं+ अग्ना��तं� दुःष्ट� ग्रहणी� री��कृ�रिरीणी� ॥

अ हृ श� ३/५०-५३

• Agi adistanam• Pitta dhara kala• Agni asayam

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• षष्ट� वि�त्तर्धरी� ना�म य� कृले� �रिरीकृ�र्वितं(तं� । �क्��म�शयमध्यस्थं� ग्रहणी� स� प्रकृ�र्वितं(तं� ॥ ग्रहण्य� बालेमब्दिग्नार्विह( स चे�वि� ग्रहणी�भिश्रुतं0 । तंस्म�तं_ स5दूविषतं+ �ह्नौ\ ग्रहणी� सम्प्रदूष्यवितं ॥ स� उ ४०/ १६९,१७०

39

• आम�शय�तं0 ��कृम�ह�री0 प्र�प्य कृ+ �लेम_ । �क्�0 स���शय� �श्च�द_ र्धमना�भि�0 प्र�द्यतं+ ॥

चे वि� २/१८• ग्रहणी�दिदवितं र्ध�रीणी�तं_ ना��+रु�य�न्नास्य र्ध�रीणी�दिदत्यर्थं�0 । चेक्र��भिणी – चे थिचे १५/ ५६,५७

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Summarize Grahani

• Above the nabhi• Between pakwasaya and amasaya• At the gate of pakwasaya• Receptor of food• Seat of Agni• separates and digests the undigested food

41

Antra• Antra’s formed by Matruja bhava• Two types– Kshudrantram– Stoolandram

• Su Sha 5/9

– 3.5 vyama - male– 3 vyama - female– Saragadhara openion antra is lined by

Pureeshadharakala– Antra vridhi diseases explained.. – Anthra Pravesana Explain By Acharya – Rudrantram- ( BR)

SHOCK- PARADA VASTHI

42

Unduka

• श�भिणीतंविकृट्टौ प्र�� उण्डं�कृ0 । स� श� ४/२५

• यकृ" तं_ सम5तं�तं_ कृ�ष्ठं� चे तंर्थं�ऽ5त्र�भिणी सम�भिश्रुतं� । उण्डं�कृस्थं� वि��जांतं+ मले� मलेर्धरी� कृले� ॥ स� श� ४/ १७

43

�क्��शय• म�तं"जां अ�य�� । अ स� श� २• तंत्र�वि� �क्��शय� वि�श+ष+णी ��तं स्थं�नाम_। चेरीकृ• ��री�षर्धरी� कृले�य+�� ��तंस्थं�नाम_ । अर्ध���म�0 �क्��शयस्थं� ए�� वित्रर्ध� जां�य5तं+ ।

अ स� श� ६/३६Pakwasayasta Raktam

Sasoola GauravamNabhyo AdastaseetatwamKheda: Raktasya Agama

44

ना�भि��

• mÉYuÉÉqÉÉvÉrÉÉåqÉïkrÉå ÍxÉUÉ mÉëpÉuÉÉ, lÉÉÍpÉÈ, iɧÉÉÌmÉ xɱÉåqÉUhÉqÉç||xÉÑ.vÉÉ.6/26

• lÉÉÍpÉ mÉëirÉXûaÉÉÈ A.xÉÇ.vÉÉ.5/1• iÉxrÉÉliÉUåhÉ lÉprÉåxiÉÑ erÉÉåÌiÉÈ xर्थं�lÉÇ kÉëÑuÉÇ

xqÉ×iÉqÉç • lÉÉÍpÉÈ xÉuÉïÍxÉUÉhÉÉÇ xrÉÉSÉkÉÉUÈ | AÂhÉS¨É-

A.WØû.vÉÉ 3/12• lÉÉÍpÉxjÉÉ: mÉëÉÍhÉlÉÉqÉç mÉëÉhÉÉ:

mÉëhÉɳÉÉÍpÉurÉ×mÉÍ´ÉiÉÉ |ÍxÉUÉÍpÉUÉuÉ×iÉÉ lÉÉÍpɶɢülÉÉÍpÉËUuÉÉUMæü: || xÉÑ.vÉÉ.7\5

• ÍxÉUÉhÉÉÇ qÉÔsÉÇ | xÉÑ.vÉÉ.7\3

45

Guda• aÉÑSè Ì¢üQûÉrÉÉqÉç iÉ aÉÑ qÉsÉÉåixÉaÉåï || zÉoS MüsmÉSìÓqÉç • aÉÑS + iÉ + aÉÑ - aÉÑS

• The place for accommodation and elimination of the faeces.

• According to Ayurveda Guda has been explained in many aspects like

• Pranayatana• sadhya pranahara marma• Kostanga• mula sthana of purishavaha srothas• martuja avayava• bahirmukha srothas• sthana of apana vata• karmendriya

46

• �स्तिस्तं��स्तिस्तं थिशरीश्च?� �\रुष� �"ष्णी\ ��द0 । एकृ स�बान्धि�ना�ह्ये+तं+ ��द�स्थिस्थं वि��री�भिश्रुतं�0 ॥ द्वा�त्रिंत्र(शच्छ्रो�ण्य�� ��द म+ढ्रा�श्रुय�0 । ��तं�चे� विनारीसना0 स्थं%ले�5त्र प्रवितंबाद्धो� ��द� ना�म, तंत्र सद्य�

मरीणीम_ । अ स� श� ७/१८

47

• तंत्र स्थं%ले�5त्र प्रवितंबाद्धो� अर्ध���चे����ले� ��दम�हुः0। तंस्तिस्मना_ �लेयस्तिस्तंस्रो0 अध्यर्ध����ले�5तंरीसम्भू%तं�0 प्र��विहणी�

वि�सजां�ना� स��रीणी� चे+वितं चेतं�री���ले�यतं�0। श�खा��तं�विना�श्च�वि� उ�य���रिरी स�स्थिस्थंतं�0 । �जांतं�ले� विना��श्च�वि� �णी�तं0 स�प्रकृ�र्वितं(तं�0 । री�म�5तं+भ्य� य��द्यर्ध� ��द�ष्ठं0 �रिरीकृ�र्वितं(तं�0 । प्रर्थंम� तं� ��द�ष्ठं�द���ले म�त्र+ ॥

स� विना २/३

48

• According to sarangadhara • Total length of gudavali = 41/2 angula

• Pravahini – 1 ½ angula• Visargini - 1 ½ angula• Grahika - 1 angula• Guda mukham – ½ angula

49

Charaka divided the Guda into two parts i,e

Uttaraguda Adhara Guda

According to Chakrapani Uttaraguda is the place where purisha is temporarily stored. Adharaguda is the place which helps in passing the purisha.

50

• According to Harita the situated apana vayu in its normal place does vishodhana of maladvara. This resided vayu creates opening in different directions, and the navadvaras are formed in the body and the guda is one among them.

51

Importance of guda marma

• Dasa pranayathana• Mamsa marma / dhamani marma• Sadyapranahara• 4 angulam paramana

DiseasesArsaParikarthikaBhagandharaGuda Bramsam

52

ADDITIONAL ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES RELATED TO GIT

53

Concept of kala

• MüsÉÉ ZÉsuÉÌmÉ xÉmiÉxÉÇpÉuÉÇÌiÉ kÉÉiuÉÉvÉrÉÉliÉUqÉrÉÉïSÉÈ | xÉÑ.vÉÉ. 4/4

• iuÉcÉÈ xÉmiÉÈ MüsÉÉÈ xÉmiÉWû……| xÉÑ.vÉÉ. 5/5

• rÉjÉÉ ÌWû xÉÉUÈ MüɸåwÉÑ ÍNû±qÉÉlÉåwÉÑ SØvrÉÇiÉå |

iÉjÉÉ kÉÉiÉÑÌWûï qÉÉÇxÉåwÉÑ ÍNû±qÉÉlÉåwÉÑ SØvrÉÇiÉ || xÉÑ.vÉÉ. 4/5

• र्ध�त्��शय�5तंरी क्ले+द� वि��क्�0 स्��स्�म%ष्मणी� श्ले+ष्म स्ना�य� �री�'न्ना0 कृले�ख्य0 कृ�ष्ठं स�री�तं_ ।

अ हृ श� ३/९

54

FUNCTIONAL ENTITIES RELATED TO GIT

55

PACHAKA PITTA

• तंच्च�दृष्टह+तं�कृ+ ना वि�श+ष+णी �क्��म�शय मध्यस्थं� वि�त्त� चेतं�र्वि�(र्धमन्ना��ना� �चेवितं, वि��+चेयवितं चे द�षरीसम%त्र��री�ष�भिणी, तंत्रस्थंम+� चे�त्मशक्त्य� श�ष�णी�� वि�त्तस्थं�ना�ना�� शरी�रीस्य चे�ब्दिग्नाकृम��णी�� अना�ग्रह� कृरी�वितं, तंस्तिस्मना_ वि�त्त+ ��चेकृ� अब्दिग्नारिरीवितं स�ञा� ।

स� स% २१/ १०

56

SAMANAVAYU

• सम�ना� अब्दिग्ना सम��स्थं0 कृ�ष्ठं+ चेरीवितं स��तं0 अन्ना� �"ह्णा�वितं �चेवितं वि��+चेयवितं म�ञ्चेवितं।

अ हृ स% १२/ ८

57

KLEDAKA KAPHA

• यस्त्��म�शय स�स्थिस्थंतं0 क्ले+दकृ0 स0 अन्नास�घा�तं क्ले+दना�तं_ अ हृ स% १२/ १६

BODHAKA KAPHA रीसबा�र्धना�तं_ बा�र्धकृ� रीसनास्थं�धिय ।

अ हृ स% १२/ १६

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SROTHAS RELATED TO GIT

– UDAKA VAHA SROTHAS– ANNAVAHA SROTHAS– PUREESHAVAHA SROTHAS

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DISCUSSION …….AYURVEDIC APPROCH MODERN APPROCH

Kanthatdi Guda Taken As A Part Of GIT The human gastrointestinal tract is the stomach and intestine, sometimes including all the structures from the mouth to the anus

With The help Of Bodhaka Kapha Digestion Starts

Digestion of the food starting from the mouth itself with the help of salivary glands

Annanadi reference is in Atreya Samhitha- by Vaidyaka Kalpa Sindhu

Oesophagus helps to move the food to the stomach region

Amasaya is the place where food materials will be in the form of amavastha

Stomach doing the function of receiving the food from oesophagus and passs in to the duodenal area

Between the amasaya and pakwasaya Grahani is seen

Connection between the stomach and small intestine is duodenum

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Inside the Grahani seperation of digested and undigested food

All the chemical and mechanical phase of digestion are directed towards changing food in to forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into underlining blood and lymphatic vessels.

From Grahani food is transferred to Pakwasaya From small intestine digested food materials passing to large intestine

In Pakwasaya the Sthanaof Purishadhara Kala has a very close relation with other viscera like Antra The Mala Vibhajan process is carried out

Large intestine starting from the iliocecal junction.Inside the large intestine water absorpttion and fecal formation starts

Last part of stoolantra is connected with guda1. Uttara guda2. Adhara guda

Fecal matter is temporarily stored in the Sigmoid colon defecation urge is due to the mass peristalsis and the stool is passed to the rectum

Inside the guda three valis present ( mamsa pesi)

Made of circular musclesSurrounds 3 cm of anal canalThickness : 2-5 mmEnds at Hiltons lineWhen exposed looks pearly white in colour

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CONCLUSION• According to Ayurveda, the organs coming under the

spectrum of GIT can be considered from mukha to guda .• Predominant structure in these parts are two nimna region

ie, Amasaya and Pakwasaya.• GIT can be called as the mahasrothas.• GIT includes the structures which have close relationship

with Pureeshavaha, Annavaha & Udakavaha srothas• It can be consider as the abhyantara rogamarga• Structurally demarcation can be well undestood in the

context of Dosha and Vipaka• Anatomy of GIT will be better understood under the

headings of Kosta & Asaya

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ANATOMY

PHYSIOLOGY

PATH

OLOG

Y

63

ARTICLE REVIEW• A critical review of ayurvedic concept of Agnimandhya by Singh Akilesh

Kumar• Lectures-the anatomy of the intestinal canal and peritoneum in man.

Frederick treves, • A Body Of Knowledge: TheWellcome Ayurvedic Anatomical Man And His

Sanskrit Context by Dominik Wujastyk• Concepts of Human Physiology in Ayurveda by Kishor Patwardhan• Concept of Pitta by Surama Mishra• Concept of Grhani by Dr.KSR Prasad• Clinical importance of Pittadhara Kala Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad• Revalidation Of The Functions Of Ranjakapitta,Dr Sudha Gopal

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REFERENCES• Acharya J T. Charaka Samhita Ayurveda Deepika commentary of

ChakrapaniDatta. Reprint ed. Varanasi (India): Chaukhambha orientalia ; 2011• Acharya Y T. Sushruta Samhita with Nibhandhasangraha commentary of

Dalhanacharya and Nyayachandrika Panjika of Sri Gayadasacharya on Nidanasthana. Reprinted ed. Varanasi (India): Chaukambha Sankrit Sansthan; 2011

• Singh Inderbir ,Pal GP. Human Embryology, 8th ed.Reprint.Newdelhi: Macmillan Publishers India ltd;2010

• WilliamsMM, Sanskrit – English dictionary. Motilalbanarasi das publications delhi 1999

• Ayurvedalankar SreeSathyapala Bhishakacharya .Kasyapasamhitha Vridhajeevakeeyam ThandramMaharshiMarichaKasyapanirdhishtam .Reprinted ed. Varanasi: Choukambha Sanskrit Samsthan; 2009

• Paradakara HSS. Ashtanga Hrudayam with Sarvanga Sundaram of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri.9 th ed. Varanasi (india): Chaukumbha Sanskrit Orientalia;2005